SU1684761A1 - Instrument for measurement and topography of magnetic dissipation fields in the proximity of the analyzed object surface - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to information-measuring technology, in particular, to magnetometry, and can be used to study the values and topography of constant 1-1 variable magnetic fields of objects in a wide range of magnetic ich / duc- tion values. The purpose of the invention — improving the accuracy and expanding the functionality by measuring the three components of the magnetic field — is achieved by introducing microdeformations into the strain gauge device 9, a pulse shaper 10, blocks 4, 5, 3 control of stepper motors, block 13 mechanical movements and the formation of new functional connections, In addition, the device contains a measuring and computing complex 1, a common bus 2, a control unit 3, a magnetic induction measuring transducer 7, a three-component sensor X 8, power supply unit 11, power supply generator 12, stepper motors 14, 15, 16, 17, transfer screws 18, 19, 20, 21, turntable 23, movable carriages 23, 24. 25, object 26, 1 under investigation silt Yo

Description

The invention relates to information measuring equipment,: <che11icc: and to ma; cytometry, and can be used for studying the values and topography of constant and variable magnetic zeros of objects in a wide range of values by magnetic induction.

The chain of invention is the accuracy and expansion of functionality by measuring the sin of the components of a meg11IT field.

The drawing shows the structural diagram of the device.

U. Trois ι contains a measuring and computing complex. (IK) 1, common bus 2, control units 3 ’of the control of these two units. omori ι elgty .chrpobrazogzl gel 7 magnetic induction. sin-Hall Hall sensor 8, strain gauges 9 microdeformations, shaper 10 impulses 7'0 emergency stop pulses ”S-lt; II Steps of stepper pulling rings and rings Helm of the char, generator 12 supplying the nursing force. mechanical movement block 13, which includes four steps of the dongle lights 14-17 with gears, four transmitting screws 18-21, a rotary table 22, three.; odvyhttt.! x gloss'.and '' x 23. 24 'y and '25.

isstkgduebt.ek 26 schtg.nromohnshchesky device) .. three pairs of mutually orthogonal with respect to each of ^Mr. Drew Helmholtz end (not shown ·)!.!.

IVK 1 is connected to the blocks · .; 3 g. Of unrölaia with stepper motors through a common bus 2. Power supply circuits of control units 3 to 6 - 35 circuit-type detectors are connected to the first output of power supply units 1 I, the second (current) outputs of which are connected to the power circuits of Helmholtz ring pairs. The outputs of the 3-G stepper motor control units are respectively connected to the electrical inputs of the stepper motors 14-17 of the mechanical stirring unit I3. Stepper motors 14, 15, 16, and 17 with gearboxes are connected 45, respectively, via transmission screws 18-21 with a rotary table 22, with movable carriages x ”23. at 24 and a movable carriage z 25 with a measuring rod. 1-1 at the end and at the base of the measuring rod are placed 50, respectively, a three-compact Hall sensor 8 and a strain gauge 9.

The electrical inputs and outputs of the three-component Hall sensor 8 are connected to the first inputs of the magnetic induction measuring transducer 7, the second gathering of which is connected to the power circuit of the object 2G of the study and the generator is connected to the output.? 12 supply voltage. All the control gangways of the measuring transducer 7 are connected to the bus u-i'.data of the L1RK data. 1. In ιορ.πι the data input bus of ИВ К 1 is connected to the normal outputs d ”of the magnetic induction transducer 7 5. Transforming the second output of the IS measuring, ahe .., I 7 magnetic induction is connected to the third input (synchronization progress) INC 1

The first input of the IVC 1 through the Fürmir-Ohm gel of the Impulse '' emergency stop is connected to the load cell 9.

The operation of the system for measuring and topography of scattering magnetic fields near the surface of the object of study consists of 15 of four successive stages;

the formation of the stamp of the raffia moving the three-foot ι feet of the Hall sensor 8 along the contour of the object 26 of the study;

- installation of the sensor 8 at the starting point, the beginning of the relative coordinate system and the binding to it of the entire block 13 of mechanical displacements with a rotary table 22. on which the object 26 of the study;

- more automated measurement of magnetic field induction at given points r g r ost t s. gwa. Surrounding it is the same object as in accordance with the trajectory of movement;

- documentation of the results of measurements in the form of tables or topography of magnetic zeros.

The object of study 2G is represented as a physical model uniting several bodies of revolution, the axis of symmetry of which coincide with the axis of rotation of the object 2 of study 6 and the turntable 22.

The formation of the trajectory of movement of the Hall sensor 8 is carried out according to the drawing of the object 26 of the study, according to the sketch 40 of the physical model or by measuring directly the object of study.

Using a drawing or measurement data, the operator compiles a table of coordinates of points at which a measurement of the magnetic field induction is proposed. The coordinates of the measurement points are in the order of the upcoming movement of the Hall sensor 8, for example. around the circle, clockwise, in increments of Λ φ (where Δ φ is the discrete value of the angle of rotation), followed by the return of the Hall sensor 8 after rotation by the angle • Arf.i = η · ί \ <ρ- ~ - 360 ° to the starting point by turning it over the Outley angle ~ - 360 °, moving one step A Ζι along the ζ axis upwards, 55 by turning it again through the angle Au''η · Lum = 350 °, returning to the starting point by turning the angle Ау) n + 1 = - 360 °, which differs from the previous one (in ordinate) by the value of the increment Л Zi along the z axis upwards.

by turning again, etc. by carrying out m movements along the z axis up.

First, the coordinates of the initial position of the Hall sensor 8 in the cylindrical coordinate system are entered into the memory of the CPI 1: x = Zo * Δ X - · X _O ; z ζο. φ ~ ^ζ <ρη. where r ₀ is the radius of the base of the object of study 26, Δ x is the step of moving the sensor 8 along the x axis, z _{0 is the} ordinate of the position of the Hall sensor 8, </ \> is the initial (initial) angle of rotation.

It should be noted that at the beginning the absolute values of the starting point are set, and then the increment values Δχ, Δζ and Δ </ e of the coordinates of the positions of the Hall sensor 8 are set.

After checking the m displacements of the sensor up along the z axis and recording the coordinates of all the given points of the trajectory at which it is supposed to measure the magnetic field induction, the coordinates (x = x ₀ , z Zo, <p - ^ 0.) Are written into the memory of the IVK 1.) the position of the sensor to which it should return after the end of the first measurement cycle.

Set the second value xg - X1 + Δ xg x coordinates. The cycle of the formation of the trajectory is similarly repeated. / Then set the last value xp = Xi t Δ xp abscissas of the Hall sensor 8. The process of forming the trajectory is repeated in the same way.

The results are stored in the memory of the CPI 1. After enumerating p the abscissa, rp ordinate and η values of the angle of rotation, the trajectory of the sensor is obtained in the form of discrete coordinates (x, y, g) of the points.

Using the keyboard of the video terminal IVK 1, the recorded coordinates of the discrete points of the sensor path are entered into the memory. During measurements, the trajectory of the sensor is displayed on the screen of the graphic display of the IVK 1.

The preparation of the system for the process of automated measurements is carried out as follows.

In the center of the coordinates of the marking of the turntable 22 at a height of h = h _o / 2, where h _{o is the} specified height of the object of study in the absence of object 26, a Hall sensor 8 is installed using manual or automatic control mode for operation of step motors 14-17 using control units 3 -6 and CPI 1. Combine the axis of symmetry of the measuring rod with the axis of rotation of the turntable 22. and therefore with the center of coordinates.

The channel numbers x, y and z corresponding to the components Bx, By, B _{z of the} magnetic field are set in turn and the quadrature components of Bx _{x are} changed. Taken _in, taken? Earth's magnetic field vector at a given point in space (without the object of study).

Using three pairs of Helmogolz rings (not shown), arranged in pairs mutually perpendicular around the turntable 22 and fed from the power supply unit 11 by currents l _x , l _y , I _z and - | _x , -I _y , -l _z . Using these currents, a compensating magnetic field is created. By measuring the values of the currents, full or partial (with a given error) compensation of the components is carried out. Vzu. Vzg magnetic field of the Earth. This ensures the fulfillment of the relations Vz _x = 0. Vz _y = 0, Vzr = 0.

Then the sensor 8 is moved up to a height h> h ₀ . The system is ready for measurements of magnetic fields of the object of study 26.

The studied object 26 is installed on the turntable 22 of the block 13 of mechanical displacements. Install the sensor 8 at the selected path point.

The measurement of each of the three components of magnetic induction is carried out in the following, always fixed, order: first measure In _x >. then B _y : and Β _ζ ι.

Using control units 3-6 connected via a common bus 2 to the CPM 1., they control the direction, speed of rotation, and the angle of rotation of the stepper motors 14-17. From the output of the IVK 1 control codes (commands to control the step, direction and speed of rotation of the stepper motors) are sent to the corresponding control unit 3-6 of the stepper motors. After the control codes are received by the control units, the latter form commands to control the operation of the stepper motors 14-17. The latter begin to work out the values of the control codes by moving the Hall sensor 8 along the x, y axes. z with a certain step and speed to a given point on the trajectory. When working out the specified control codes, the rotation of the stepper motors 14 17 with the gearbox is transferred to rotate the transmitting screws 18-21, respectively, to the rotational movement of the turntable 22 and to the linear movements of the movable carriages x 23. at 24 and z 25. at a given angle and distance, at specified accuracy (discreteness of movement of stepper motors). After installing the Hall cottage 8 at a given point on the trajectory, the power of the stepper motors is turned off in order to exclude the influence of magnetic fields scattered by the stepper motors on the Hall sensor 8 and on object 26.

The process of measuring the values of magnetic induction is as follows.

On command, the beginning of the measurements coming from the IVK 1 to the measuring transducer 7 of the magnetic induction, the latter is set to its original state. The control inputs (third) of the measuring transducer 7 receives the channel code x, y or z, which sets the channel switch of the transducer 7 to the position corresponding to the measurement of Bxi, Byi or Bzi. When this command is executed, a signal is generated at the IS ”output of the measuring transducer 7, informing IVK 1 about that. that the command to enable the specified channel is completed.

As already noted, the measurement of magnetic induction using the Hall sensor 8 is carried out when the supply current of the stepper motors 14-17 is turned off. The signals from the Hall sensor 8, are fed to the measuring transducer 7 of the magnetic induction. In the transducer 7, these signals are amplified, filtered, converted into a code and transmitted via the data bus to the second inputs of the IVC 1. At the same time, the measurement range in the transducer 7 is selected automatically. The codes of the measurement sub-range and the sample number are also received via the data bus in the CPM 1.

Moreover, the signals are the induction code, the limit code, and the sampling code via the data bus d are supplied to the CPI 1 accompanied by the clock IS, also produced in the converter 7, the presence of the clock allows the reception of information generated by the measuring transducer 7.

The measurements of the magnetic induction values, the determination of the measurement limits and the sample number are repeated 200 times at a time for ti. ti + T / 20, ti + t 2T / 20 ... ti + T.

After completing two hundred measurements of Bxi values, the measuring transducer 7 generates a signal about the completion of this measurement cycle, which is sent to the CPI 1. After this, a command is generated for transmitting the read information for processing according to a given algorithm for statistical processing of measurement results.

At the same time, after completing two hundred measurements of the component Bxi at a given point of the trajectory of the bypass of the object 26 of the study, a command is formed to turn off channel x. turning on the channel y ”and conducting two hundred measurements of the component Byi of the magnetic induction at the same point in space. The measurement process along the channel y is repeated in a similar way. After two hundred measurements, a command is formed to turn off channel y, turn on channel z, and perform two hundred measurements Bz.

After the expiration of two hundred measurements, a command is formed to turn on the stepper motors for moving the Hall sensor 8 to the next point on the path and turn on channel x. The whole process of measuring B _x ;, Byi, Byi is repeated in a similar way. After completion of measurements and movements of the Hall sensor 8 along a predetermined path, the End measurement command is generated. If the End of Measurement command is completed, a stop signal is generated for the stepper motors to turn off and their power currents turned off. Repeated measurements can only be carried out after the manual start of the Measurement Start command. To increase the reliability of the sensor, series-connected load cells are introduced into the system? microdeformations and pulse shaper (emergency stop) 10 When the Hall sensor 8 is falsely moved outside the surface of the research object 26, caused, for example, by interference or errors in setting the sensor path, an emergency stop signal is generated, which is received at the first input of the IVK 1 for acceptance appropriate measures and correction of the trajectory of movement.

At the last stage of the system operation, the measurement results are documented in the form of tables or magnetic field tolographs. For this, the results of measurements of the values of all three components of the magnetic induction corresponding to each point of the trajectory are preliminarily processed, for example, according to the algorithm of the current averaging.

Preliminary processing (averaging) of the measurement results of the three components of the magnetic induction vector is carried out in order to reduce the random component of the measurement error.

Using the averaged values of B _C pxi, B _C pyi, Bcpzi and the components AB _x i, AB _y i, Λ Β _ζ ι of the random measurement error, determine the value of the magnetic induction vector and the value of the random error at the I point of the trajectory according to the algorithms

Bi = V (~ B ^ 7y + (Vr ^ V ^ v; ^

AB = 5 ^ AB ^ Y + (A ^ Y fTA'BrG) ² 'implemented by the program and in 14B K 1,

Measurement result

B) - Βι ± Л В;

the values of the magnetic induction vector in the first homogeneous path are used to plot the instantaneous value of the magnetic field of the object 26 at 1i 'i · c (where i 1, 2, 3 ..... N) are the instants of time of the output voltage of the generator 12 or to average the twenty results obtained for the period T of this issue. Averaged values. (i -I- t

In p i - ⁼ J In i (t) d ΐ, ¹ 'I corresponding to the I point of the trajectory, is written in the memory of the CPI 1 and used to build the relief of the magnetic field of the object 26. Using the alphabet! > η- | ΐνιφ [) Γ) [; ι;, ι about the IVK 1 printing device they print out (document) the received data in the form of tables entered into the memory of the IVK 1. At the same time, the received data is displayed on the screen of the video terminal that is part of the IVK 1 (magnetic field topography is carried out with the help of a plotter, which is part of the CPI 1 according to the corresponding command and software.

Claims (1)

Claim A device for measuring and topography of magnetic fields of dispersion near the surface of the object of study, containing a measuring and computing unit connected to its control bus. the first control unit of a stepper motor, a magnetic induction measuring transducer, a generator and a power supply unit, characterized in that, with a circuit for increasing accuracy and expanding functional capabilities by measuring the three components of the magnetic field, there are nowhere connected in series tenso microdeformation sensors and pulse shapers, second, third and fourth stepper motor control units and a mechanical displacement unit made in the form of three pairs of mutually perpendicular Helmholtz rings, four steps Outboard motors with gearboxes connected through transmission screws respectively to a new table, with movable carriages x. with a movable carriage ζ with a measuring rod at the end and at the base of which there is a Hall sensor and a load cell, respectively, while the first inputs of the control units of the stepper motors are connected!.! with a measuring and computing unit through a common bus, the second inputs and three pairs of Helmholtz rings are connected to the outputs of the power supply, the outputs of the control units are connected to the electrical inputs of the stepper motors, the electrical inputs and outputs of the three-component Hall sensor are connected to the first inputs of the magnetic induction measuring transducer, the second the input of which is connected to the output of the generator and the turntable, the third control inputs of the measuring transducer are connected to the data output bus unit, the second input bus of which is connected to the first outputs of the measuring transducer of magnetic induction, the second output of which is connected to the input of the measuring and computing unit, the first input of the latter is connected to the output of the pulse generator.