SU1644795A1 - Method for harvesting grain crops - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention can be used in agriculture for separate harvesting of grain crops with the formation of alternating skewed and non-skewed strips and provides for the reduction of grain losses and energy consumption for mowing non-skewing strips. When mowing with cutter 1, the strips 9 plants in unclasped strips 8 bend below the level of mowing with guards 4. installed in front of the apparatus 1 Plants from beveled strips 9 are placed in rolls 10 on the weighed strips of plants 8. This provides good conditions for drying the rolls , and the head of unmowed plants are protected by rolls from winds. The width of the strips 8 is equal to the width of the rolls 10. After the rolls dry and the ripening of the grain in the unmowed strips 8, rolls 10 are selected and threshed together with Sewing and threshing of the strips of plants 8 When mowing 8 strips, the stubble of the strips 9 bend below the level of the strips of the strips 8dl to prevent stubble cutting 1 sfl, 2 silt (L

Description

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The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the harvesting of grain crops in a separate way with the formation of alternating beveled and unmowed strips.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce grain losses by improving the conditions for drying the rolls and reducing the dropping of grain at the root, as well as reducing the energy consumption for mowing non-mown strips.

Figure 1 shows the layout of the rolls for the proposed method, top view; figure 2 - the same. side view.

For the implementation of the method, known combine harvesters can be used, the headers of which contain a cutting apparatus 1, a conveyor 2, a plant ejector 3 and accessories for bending plants in non-cuts. These devices are ski-like steel plates 4 with a width equal to the width of the roll. With their rear ends attached to the header, located below the cutting unit 1, and the front ends protrude in front of the cutting unit, elevating 50-70 cm above it. To eliminate the exit to the side from under the guards 4 of the plant stems pressed down by them, the guards are fitted with the sides of the sides 5, protruding 7-10 cm down from the plane of the plates 4.

The method is carried out as follows.

Jari movement of the header along the field 6 with retractable plants 7 (the direction of movement is indicated by the arrow), the flaps 4 are used to hit the plants located in unclaspable strips 8, subordinate them to themselves and bend down below the level of cutting. Following this cutting device 1, the plant stems 7 are cut in the mowed strips 9. The cut plants are laid on the conveyors 2, positioned in the direction of travel of the header, fed to the ejector 3, where they are turned 90 °, then dropped into rolls 10 on the curved plants 11, located across them. To turn the stems on the ejector 3, appropriate tools, such as a trapezoid conveyor (not shown), can be used.

After the rolls have dried out and fully ripened, the grains in the left unmowed strips produce a selection and threshing of the rolls, together with mowing and threshing.

The cutting of plants in the mowed strips is carried out at a high cut, ensuring the location of the folded plants at a sufficiently high level above

ground, so that you can then carry out their full mowing and cleaning without loss. For example, when harvesting winter wheat with a height of 1.2 m, the height of the initial cut of plants is taken 40-50 cm, with

the final cut is 10–12 cm. In this case, the width of the unclipped strips is 90-80 cm, and the width of the mowed strips is set with the expectation of obtaining a roll of such power that it does not bend

tilted plants in an unmown strip even more to the ground and at the same time would not allow them to straighten out.

The total width of the uncut and beveled strips must be a multiple of the width.

header cutter For example, with a pickup width of 6 m and a nonskachivaya width of 0.9 m, the width of the mowed strip is 1.1 m, and the total width of the strips (2 m) is a multiple of the width of the header.

When cutting non-mown strips, the stubble 12 in the beveled strips 9 are bent down below the mowing level of the plants in the unmowed strips 8. As a result, the stubble does not fall from the beveled strips to the cutting apparatus and does not bevel, which reduces the energy costs associated with cutting the stubble and useless transmission her through the drum thresher combine. The bending of the stubble is carried out similarly to the method of bending the plants in non-clumped strips

Due to the possibility of forming thin (thin) rolls obtained in the proposed method without risk

dropping them through uncut plants to the ground improves the conditions for drying the rolls.

The obtained thin layer rolls located in a suspended state on

flattened, unmowed plants, better ventilated and dry up in case of rainfall. In addition, grain losses due to dropping at the root are reduced, since unmowed strips are protected

rolls from the wind.

Claims (1)

Claim 1. Method for harvesting grain crops, including mowing plants with harvester strips, leaving unmowed strips between them, laying the mowed mass into rolls, subsequent mowing and threshing of the plants of unmowed strips together with the selection and threshing of rolls, characterized in that, in order to reduce losses the grains by improving the conditions for drying the rolls and reducing the scattering of the grain at the root, the non-mowed strips are left with a width equal to the width of the roll, the plants are folded over in them, and the rolls are placed on the bent down plants. 2, a method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to reduce the energy consumption for mowing non-mowed strips, when mowing them, the stubble of the mowed strips bend below the mowing level of the unmown strips.