RU2195803C2 - Method for separate flax harvesting (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves pulling plants and forming two flax strips; spreading strips on field; drying stems with flax balls and allowing seeds to dry; picking up both strips for separating seed part from stems and spreading stems for aging to obtain treated flax fibers; transporting flax heap and reprocessing for obtaining seeds. According to first version, laying flax strips with base parts oriented in different directions; during laying of flax strips, bending stems and positioning base parts so that they are lying on soil surface; positioning parts of flax strips so that they support one another and are positioned at an angle with respect to soil surface. According to second version, forming channel in soil; spreading strips with base parts oriented in opposite directions, with tops of both strips being arranged above channel. According to third version, forming two aeration channels in soil with ridge between them projecting above field surface; spreading flax strips with bases oriented in opposite directions; laying tops of both flax strips onto ridge; placing ball part of each strip above one of two channels. EFFECT: increased efficiency in flax harvesting and reduced loss of stem by decreased mingling of flax filaments. 8 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture and can be used when harvesting flax.

 A known method of harvesting flax [1, 2], including pulling plants with a combine harvester with simultaneous stripping of seed bolls and spreading the stems for maturing in a trust or sticking them into packages and transporting them from the field, as well as drying and processing of heaps with the release of seeds.

 It is also known [1, 2] that it is less energy-intensive and allows one to obtain higher quality fiber and seeds suitable for sowing, separate flax harvesting, in which flax is separately pulled and laid out in a tape on the field, drying of unfrozen flax in seed ripening tapes, selection of tapes with simultaneous threshing (towing) and viscous stems into packages for sale at flax mills in the form of straw or spreading them for the dewy preparation of trusts in the field.

 There is a known harvester method for harvesting flax [3], in which the healed plants are formed in two ribbons and the stems without boxes are spread in one direction with knots.

 There is also known a harvester method for harvesting flax [4, 5], in which the spawned plants are formed into two ribbons, and stalks without boxes are spread in two ribbons with clumps to each other.

 Combine method of harvesting flax has the disadvantages that this method consumes a lot of energy for drying flaxseed. In addition to the specified, it does not allow to obtain at the same time a high-quality trust and seeds suitable for sowing.

 A known method of preparation of flaxseeds [6], in which the tape of the stems are placed on the tops of the ridges across the aeration channels, while the laying of the tapes is carried out simultaneously with the last turning or tedding of the stems.

 A separate method of harvesting flax also has disadvantages. The main one is a significant dependence on weather conditions, since in the case of prolonged rainy weather after growing plants due to contact of the bolls with the soil, the seeds deteriorate in them [1, 2].

 There is a separate method for flax harvesting, in which, to reduce the dependence on weather conditions, plants are installed in tents during pulling [7, 8].

 A known method of drying the stems of agricultural plants with their installation in tents or vertical tapes, in which, in order to give them longitudinal and lateral stability, the butt part of the stems before ground powder is installed in the grooves formed for this purpose.

 A separate method of harvesting flax with plants after they were pulled into the tents for drying was not used in practice. This is explained by the fact that flax plants, which were harvested in the phase of early yellow ripeness, i.e. when it is advisable to carry out troweling during separate cleaning, they have very low stiffness. In addition, the center of gravity of the plant with seed boxes placed in the tent is located high above the soil. For these reasons, the tents formed from freshly planted plants tilt and partially fall. After drying, they are difficult to pick up with machines.

 There is a separate method for harvesting flax [1, 2, 6, 9, 10, 11], including pulling plants with the formation of two tapes and spread them on the field, drying the stems with boxes with ripening seeds, the simultaneous selection of both tapes with the separation of the seed part of the crop stalks and spreading the latter for aging in the trust, transportation of flax and its processing to produce seeds, as well as operations for the preparation and harvesting of the trust.

 The aforementioned well-known separate method of flax harvesting remains the main drawback - a significant dependence on weather conditions. But the second one is also intensifying - this is a large departure of the stems into confusion during the operation of separating the seed part of the crop due to not always accurate copying of the tape by the selection apparatus. The fact is that even when processing one tape, to correct errors in copying it in the machine, a working body is required that contributes to the correct supply of flax to the stripping apparatus [12], which complicates the machine.

 When selecting two tapes at the same time, it is difficult for the operator to copy each of them with a selection apparatus. If the plant ribbons are located on the field in one direction, the distance between their box parts is large, and between the last there is a butt part of one of the ribbons. In this case, it is difficult for the operator to simultaneously direct two pick-up apparatuses onto the tapes so that the box-shaped part of each of the two tapes gets into his combing apparatus correctly. If flax ribbons are located on the field with clumps to each other, the distance between their box parts is even greater than in the previous case. This distance does not remain constant, but depends on a change in the length of the stems in the field. The latter complicates the correct copying of both tapes even more, due to which the stalks go into confusion and the loss of seeds from undercutting increases when implementing separate flax harvesting.

 In the proposed separate method of harvesting flax, including pulling plants with the formation of two tapes and spread them on the field, drying the stems with boxes with ripening seeds, the simultaneous selection of both tapes with the separation of the seed part of the crop from the stems and spreading the latter for aging in the trust, transporting flax and its processing to obtain seeds, as well as operations for the preparation and harvesting of trusts, when pulling plants, simultaneously formed ribbons are spread on the field with knots in opposite directions so that box Their parts were in close proximity or touched each other; when harvesting seed crops of medium reproductions by a special working body mounted on a top-lifting machine, two aeration channels and a ridge between them, rising above the field level, are carried out in the soil and after this tape are placed so that the box part of each of them is located above one of two channels, and the tops of plants of both tapes laid on the ridge; when harvesting seed crops of high reproductions, the tapes are laid out with a top-lifting machine to force the stems to be bent in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the tape and so that the butt parts of the plants lie on the soil surface, and the parts of the tapes with seed boxes are located at an angle to it, leaning against each other, in the form of a half tent; to separate the seed part of the crop, the selection of both tapes is carried out simultaneously, and their separation and breeding from each other is carried out on the table of the picking machine; before spreading the tapes along the line of their vertex parts in the soil, make a channel; a channel made in the soil is used to automatically direct the pick-up apparatus of the machine to the tapes when separating the seed part of the crop from the stems and subsequent operations with the trust.

 In FIG. 1 shows the location of flax tapes on the soil when their box parts are in close proximity to each other; figure 2 - the location of the tapes on the aeration channels and ridge; figure 3 - the location of the tapes after the forced bending of the stems when spreading flax pulping machine; figure 4 - execution of the channel in the soil under the apical parts of plants, occupying a horizontal position; and figure 5 - the execution of the channel in the soil under the vertex parts, occupying an inclined position to the surface of the field.

 Carry out the proposed separate method of harvesting flax according to several options.

 According to the first option, the plants are pulled with the formation of two ribbons by a pulping machine. At the same time, the top-lifting machine brings the formed tapes closer to its center and spreads them out, making the necessary turn, with knots in opposite directions so that the box-shaped parts of the tapes are in close proximity or touch each other (see figure 1). Sent flax ribbons lie on the field for several days depending on the weather (usually about 5 ... 7 days). During this time, the stalks are dried with boxes and the seeds ripen. After drying the flax, both ribbons are selected, the seed part of the crop is separated from the stems and the ribbons are laid out on the soil for aging in the trust. The selection of tapes for separating the seed part is carried out simultaneously, and their breeding from each other is performed on the table of the picking machine before separation of the seed part. When performing operations of selecting ribbons, separating the seed part and growing stems, the ribbons are also wrapped. The heap obtained during separation of the seed portion of the crop is taken to a processing point, where it is dried, if necessary, and then ground and separated with the release of seeds. In the process of aging the stems in the trust, the tapes are wrapped, and as it is ready, the selection, packaging and shipment from the field.

 When two tapes are placed on the soil with knots in opposite directions and with vertices in close proximity or with touching each other, the box-like parts of both tapes will be clearly visible from the operator’s place as a whole. At the same time, a boundary line will be visible, passing along the connection points of the tops of the plants. On this line, the operator will lead the picking machine so that both tapes are copied at once. As a result of the correct copying, the box-shaped parts of both tapes, as expected, will pass in the picking apparatus, and then each will be correctly fed into the stripping apparatus. The above will prevent the occurrence of increased stems waste in confusion or under-bolls when working with two tapes.

 Separation and breeding of two ribbons with boxes will be made on the table of the picking machine, so some boxes that come off when separating the ribbons will be caught in the machine. The latter will prevent an increase in seed loss during the separation of the tapes and the implementation of the proposed method of harvesting flax.

 In addition to reducing the withdrawal of stems into confusion and the loss of seeds from undercutting during the operation of a complex of two-line flax harvesting machines, the application of the proposed method will simplify the construction of the clipper, since the closely connected ribbons will pass freely under the rear axle of its undercarriage, and the use of longer working bodies for transporting flax ribbons will not be required on top of the rear axle. Shortened working bodies for guiding the tapes formed during mashing to the spread will allow to maintain the quality of these tapes to a greater extent, which will reduce the loss of flax products during the implementation of the method.

 With the proposed arrangement of flax tapes on the field, it will be possible to dispense with one system for automatically directing the picking device to the tapes, rather than using the two that would be required if the box parts of the two tapes were removed remotely, i.e. one for each tape. It will also simplify the design of the machine and increase its reliability.

 According to the second option, the proposed method of harvesting flax is carried out mainly on seed crops of medium reproductions as follows.

 Flax pulling with a top-lifting machine is also carried out with the formation of two tapes. On a scraped strip, a special working body, including ripping and rolling elements mounted on a top-lifting machine, performs two aeration channels 20 ... 25 cm wide and a ridge between them, rising 10 ... 20 cm above the field level. After this, formed the ribbons are spread in such a way that the box-shaped part of each of them is located above one of the two channels, and the tops of the plants of both ribbons were laid on the ridge with 10 ... 15 cm overlapping each other (see figure 2). Spreading tapes will lie on the aeration channels and ridge until the seeds mature and the stems and bolls dry. Selection of tapes for separating the seed part of the crop from the stems is carried out from the aeration channels after the ripening of seeds in boxes. I spread the stems without boxes for aging in the trust and produce them on the soil near the aeration channels, that is, for aging in the trust, the stalks are spread on un-loosened soil or on the grass cover on the field. With the proposed width of the aeration channels for growing tapes, there will be enough space on the field. In the process of performing the operation of separating the seed part of the crop, the wrapping of the tapes is also performed. Work with flax and trust during the implementation of the method according to the second embodiment does not differ from that described in the first embodiment.

 When flax is harvested according to the second variant, the overwhelming majority of the bolls when drying the plants are located above the aeration channels and do not come into contact with the soil. Only a small fraction of the capsules touch the soil on the ridge. Due to the fact that the vertices of the plants of adjacent ribbons overlap on the ridge, the sagging of the plants inside the canal is reduced, since the stem above the canal is a beam pinched at the ends. The comb rises above the soil level, so rainwater will flow down the stems to the butt of the plants. This will reduce the wetting of the ridge and the transfer of moisture from the soil to the boxes touching the ridge. Thus, the proposed laying of the boxed part of the planted plants on aeration channels and the comb is aimed at preserving the seeds in unstable weather during separate flax harvesting and weakening the latter's dependence on adverse weather conditions.

 According to the third variant of separate flax harvesting, its pulling and formation of tapes does not differ from that described in the first variant. Next, the formed tapes with the belts of the spreading device, which is the working body of the top-lifting machine, are brought close to each other, and then the butt parts of the plants are bred with the cross straps of the spreading device to a close horizontal position, that is, when the ribbons are spread, the stems are bent with straps in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the tape . After that, the flailing spreading device, consisting of two adjacent branches, directs both tapes to the soil, and as a result of the turn of the tapes and the bending of the stems, the tops of the plants come into contact with each other and the butt parts of the stems occupy close to horizontal position. In this state, the tapes are spread on the soil. That is, after spreading, the box-shaped parts of the tapes rest on each other and form a half-tent, and the butt parts touch the soil, as with conventional spreading (see figure 3). The height of the box part (hemisphere) above the soil depends on the height of pulling and the adjustment of the spreading device. It should be such that the vast majority of the boxes on the plants do not touch the soil.

 To give the hemisphere more stability in the process of spreading the ribbons, portions of the vertices of the plants of one ribbon are introduced between the portions of the vertices of the second by passing them between the working bodies, such as gears, installed with a gap between the teeth exceeding the total thickness of both ribbons at the point of contact with the specified working bodies.

 It should be noted that due to the lower height of the box part above the soil in comparison with the length of the plants and the larger area of the tapes supporting the soil due to touching the root parts of the plants with it, the resulting hemisphere design will be stable and will not be afraid of wind load. The introduction of portions of the tops of plants of one ribbon between the portions of the vertices of the second tape increases the adhesion force of the top of the hemisphere, which also increases its stability. The specified spacing of tapes is technically possible. The selection of both tapes will be carried out simultaneously as a whole. Separation and breeding of the box-shaped parts of the tapes will be carried out on the table of the picking machine. Therefore, all the boxes that came off during the separation of the tapes will be caught. Moreover, since the box-shaped parts of plants during maturation of seeds in the tape will occupy a position close to vertical, self-pouring out of seeds will decrease during cracking of some bolls during drying. At the time of selection of tapes, the box-shaped parts of the plants will also be directed upward, which will reduce the rash of seeds from the bolls during the operation. That is, when harvesting flax according to the third option, the loss of seeds will decrease. This option will be used mainly when harvesting high-reproducing seed crops, but it can also be promising when harvesting all other flax crops, as it will reduce the dependence of separate harvesting on weather conditions to the maximum extent and ensure high-quality seeds while maintaining fiber quality.

 The fourth variant of the proposed separate cleaning differs from the first one in that when it is carried out on a scraped strip by a topping machine, a channel is formed in the soil and the tapes are laid out like this. so that the tops of the plants of both tapes are located in the immediate vicinity of the channel or above it (see Fig. 4). When selecting tapes for separating the seed part of the crop and subsequent operations with the trust, this channel is used to automatically direct the picking tool to the flax tapes.

 The fifth harvesting variant differs from the second in that one of the two aeration channels made in the soil by a top-lifting machine before spreading the tapes (see FIG. 2) is used to automatically direct the picking tool to the flax tapes.

 The sixth harvesting option differs from the third in that a canal is made in the soil on the scraped strip with a top-lifting machine in the soil (as well as in the fourth embodiment). The formed flax ribbons are spread so that the top parts of the plants are located above the canal (see Fig. 5). When selecting tapes for separating the seed part of the crop from the stems and performing subsequent operations with the trust channel, they are used to automatically direct the picking tool to the flax tapes.

 The proposed separate method of flax harvesting will facilitate the copying of tapes with a picking machine, thereby reducing the stalks into confusion by using a complex of two-line machines, simplifying the construction of the topper, using a system to automatically direct the picking tool to the flax tapes will require one system, not two. The second and third options will reduce the dependence of separate harvesting on weather conditions and obtain high-quality seeds, will expand the area on which this harvesting will be applied. All of the above will increase the efficiency of separate flax harvesting.

List of sources used
1. Flax harvesting machines / G. A. Khailis, N.N. Bykov et al. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1985.

 2. Baranov I.V., Novozhilov N.P. Complex mechanization of cultivation and harvesting of flax flax. - L .: Kolos, 1972.

 3. A. p. 249821 USSR, MKI A 01 D 45/06. Flax harvester / N.N. Bykov et al., 1013683 / 30-15, claimed. 06/21/1965, publ. 08/05/1969. Bull. 25.

 4. A.S. 649357 USSR, MKI A 01 D 45/06. Flax harvester / N.N. Bykov et al., 2365644 / 30-15, claimed. 06/01/1976, publ. 02/28/1979. Bull. 8.

 5. A.S. 1052190 USSR, MKI A 01 D 45/06. Flax harvester / N.N. Bykov et al., 3469684 / 30-15, claimed. 07/12/1982, publ. 11/07/1983. Bull. 41.

 6. A.S. 1692348 A1 of the Russian Federation, MKI A 01 D 45/06. The method of preparation of flax / MM Kovalev, V.V. Mukhin, 4785484/15, declared. 01/25/1990, publ. 11/23/1991. Bull. 43.

 7. A.S. 251980 USSR, MKI A 01 D 45/06. Flax tiller / M.A. Alexandrov, 906309 / 30-15, decl. 06/17/1964, publ. 09/10/1969. Bull. 28.

 8. A. p. 301120 USSR, MKI A 01 D 45/06. The method of drying the stems of agricultural plants / B.P. Mozharov, 1430035 / 35-15, decl. 04/27/1970, publ. 04/21/1971. Bull. 14.

 9. A.S. 898992 USSR, MKI A 01 D 45/06, Flax harvesting unit / N.N. Bykov et al., 2850650 / 30-15, decl. 12/13/1979, publ. 01/23/1982. Bull. 3.

 10. A. p. 1005708 USSR, MKI A 01 D 45/06. Flax harvester / V.I. Sizov et al., 2657654 / 30-15, claimed. 08.21.1978, publ. 03/23/1983. Bull. eleven.

 11. A. p. 1605993 USSR, MKI A 01 D 45/06. Flax harvesting unit / N.N. Bykov et al., 4628724 / 30-15, claimed. 12/30/1988, publ. 11/15/1990. Bull. 42.

 12. A. p. 1651795 USSR, MKI A 01 D 45/06. Machine for cleaning flax / N.A. Smirnov et al., 4497897/15, claimed. 10/25/1988, publ. 05/30/1991. Bull. 20.

Claims (8)

 1. A separate method of harvesting flax, including pulling plants with the simultaneous formation of two tapes and spreading them on the field, drying the stems with boxes with ripening seeds, the simultaneous selection of both tapes with separation of the seed part of the crop from the stems and spreading for maturing in the trust, transporting flax and its processing with the receipt of seeds, as well as operations for the preparation and harvesting of trusts, characterized in that the tapes are spread with a clutch machine in the opposite direction with forced bending of the stems in the plane, perp dikulyarnoy to the length of the tape, so that the butt of the plants lying on the soil surface, and part of the tape with the seed pods were placed at an angle to it with support on each other in the form of polushatra.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the separation and breeding of simultaneously selected tapes is carried out on the table of the picking machine.  3. A separate method of harvesting flax, including pulling plants with the simultaneous formation of two tapes and spreading them on the field, drying the stems with boxes with ripening seeds, the simultaneous selection of both tapes with separation of the seed part of the crop from the stems and spreading for aging in the trust, transportation of flax and its processing with the receipt of seeds, as well as operations for the preparation and harvesting of trusts, characterized in that a channel is carried out in the soil on the scraped strip by a hauling machine in the soil and the ribbons are laid with knots in opposite directions k, so that the tops of the plants of both tapes are located above the channel.  4. The method according to p. 3, characterized in that the separation and breeding of simultaneously selected tapes is carried out on the table of the picking machine.  5. The method according to p. 3, characterized in that the automatic direction of the picking apparatus of the machine on the tape when separating the seed of the crop from the stems and subsequent operations with the trust is carried out on the channel made in the soil.  6. A separate method of harvesting flax, including pulling plants with the simultaneous formation of two tapes and spreading them on the field, drying the stems with boxes with ripening seeds, the simultaneous selection of both tapes with separation of the seed part of the crop from the stems and spreading for aging in the trust, transportation of flax and its processing to produce seeds, as well as operations for the preparation and harvesting of trusts, characterized in that in the soil there are two aeration channels and a ridge between them, rising above the field level, after which the formed flax s Komlov is spread in opposite directions so that the box-like portion of each of them is positioned over one of the two channels, and plant tops both belts were placed on the crest.  7. The method according to p. 6, characterized in that the separation and breeding of simultaneously selected tapes is carried out on the table of the picking machine.  8. The method according to p. 6, characterized in that the automatic direction of the picking apparatus of the machine on the tape when separating the seed of the crop from the stems and subsequent operations with the trust is carried out on the channel made in the soil.

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