RU2244397C1 - Grain combine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, cereals harvesting equipment.

SUBSTANCE: grain combine has header with cutter bar. Apparatus for compressing of mown grass to produce round bails is mounted on header frame. Conveyor is used for feeding of mown grass mass to compression mechanism. End part of conveyor is sized to make third part of its length and is arranged at an angle to main part of conveyor. Mowing of grain part of cereal crops by means of cutter bar is provided simultaneously with compression thereof by means of compressing mechanism to produce round bails.

EFFECT: reduced power consumption and reduced harvesting time.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural production processes, in particular to methods for harvesting crops and devices for their implementation.

Known devices for cleaning the grain part of plants (patent No. 2192117 RU), which allow the collection of grain with minimal losses and energy consumption compared with existing technologies for harvesting grain crops.

However, cleaning with known technological means depends on the availability of the required number of vehicles and special equipment for transporting and storing the mowed mass in stacks. At the same time, the climatic conditions have a significant impact on the harvesting time of grain crops.

In the aggregate of common essential features technical solution patent No. 2192117 RU adopted as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the prototype:

1. The dependence of the smooth operation of harvesting equipment on the availability of the required number of vehicles;

2. High energy intensity of technological processes of transportation and storage of mowed grain mass in stacks;

3. Insufficient economic efficiency of the use of direct and complex complex and expensive grain harvesting equipment (combines) with a low amortization life;

4. The high duration of the cleaning time and their dependence on natural and climatic conditions.

The purpose of the invention is the reduction of energy costs of technological processes and the timing of harvesting crops.

The purpose of the invention is achieved by simultaneously performing the process of mowing the grain part of plants within 1/3 of the height and pressing it into rolls for storage in ricks at the field edge or at stationary post-harvest processing points with the subsequent threshing process and grain collection, by installing the device on the header frame for pressing rolls, made at the same time with the longitudinal conveyor, moreover, to ensure the supply of beveled mass to the pressing mechanism, the end part of the conveyor is 1/3 of its length located at an angle And the rotation speed of the pressing mechanism equivalent circuits velocity web conveyor.

The combination of these features distinguishes the combine harvester from the prototype and determines the compliance of the technical solution with the criterion of “Novelty”.

Thus, the proposed combine harvesting unit for pressing the grain part of plants allows to reduce the energy consumption of technological processes for harvesting grain crops by reducing the number of combine harvesters used - complex in design and requiring high technical and technological maintenance and by eliminating the use of vehicles from the harvesting unit. In addition, the operation of the grain harvesting unit does not depend on auxiliary technological services. Grain rolls may remain on the field surface for some time. This allows the unit to maximize the use of shift working hours and work at any time of the day, except at the time of precipitation. This makes it possible to reduce harvesting time and minimize grain loss from the shedding process.

These positive features of the proposed facility will certainly give a high economic effect for agriculture.

The noted essential features distinguishing the proposed combine harvester from the prototype were not found by the authors in solutions known in science and technology.

Thus, the proposed combine harvester meets the criterion of "Significant differences".

The drawing schematically shows a grain harvesting unit for mowing and pressing the grain part of plants into rolls.

The harvesting unit contains a header, on the timber frame of which the cutting apparatus 2 is mounted, reel 1, a transverse conveyor with a slatted blade 3, a longitudinal conveyor 4 for feeding the beveled mass into the drum of the device. In parallel with the cutting apparatus, a rotary chopper 6, disk batteries 7 and a device 8 with a pressing mechanism 9 are fixed on the header frame 5.

The drive of the working bodies of the grain harvesting unit is carried out from the VOM of the energy facility.

The device operates as follows.

In the process of harvesting crops, reel 1 of the header of the combine harvester strips grabs a strip of stalks of the harvested crop, brings them to the cutting apparatus 2, supports during cutting and directs to the slatted canvas of the transverse conveyor 3, the latter discharges the beveled mass to the longitudinal conveyor 4, which feeds it into pressing mechanism 9 of device 8. The pressed roll, which is discharged onto the field surface, is subsequently transported to the edge of the field for storage in ricks or to stationary post-launch sites -term treatment with subsequent grain mass process and threshing grain collection. At the same time, the non-cereal straw part of the plant stems is cut at a predetermined height by the knives of the rotary chopper 6, they are crushed into small parts and evenly distributed on the field surface, and the following disk batteries 7 close up the crushed mass of plants and stubble into the soil as organic fertilizer, while loosening her and destroying weeds.

Claims (1)

A grain-harvesting unit containing a header, a cutting apparatus, a rotary chopper and disk batteries, characterized in that a device for pressing rolls of beveled mass mounted integrally with a longitudinal conveyor is mounted on the header frame, moreover, to ensure the supply of beveled mass to the pressing mechanism, the end part of the conveyor is 1/3 of its length - is located at an angle, and the speed of rotation of the chains of the pressing mechanism is equivalent to the speed of movement of the conveyor belt.