SU1599882A1 - Device for modeling echo-cardiographic signals - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to medicine, in particular to educational medical models, and can be used to train medical personnel in the technique of performing echocardiographic studies, as well as to calibrate echocardiographs, and allows to extend the functionality by simulating arrhythmias and increase reliability. The housing 1 is filled with an ultrasound-conducting fluid, made in the form of a hollow cylinder with an acoustic window 3 and equipped with two working bellows 7 and 8, a cam mechanism 11 with a forked push rod 9 with the ability to control multi-directional stretching - compression of the bellows 7 and 8. Both reflectors are made in elastic membranes 4 and 5 of ultrasound-conducting material. On the half of the membranes 4 and 5, the reflecting elements 6 are rigidly fixed, arranged in a checkerboard radial order relative to each other and the reflecting elements 6 on the other membrane. Case 1 is divided by membranes 4 and 5 into three chambers 12, the outermost of which are connected to each other and bellows 7. A middle chamber simulating the internal cavity of the heart is connected to another bellows 8. The electronic control circuit allows the circuit to work in various modes. 1 hp ff, 5 ill.

Description

3. The device is equipped with two ultrasonic vibration reflectors simulating the anterior wall of the heart and the back wall, respectively, and made in the form of elastic membranes in the form of discs 4 and 5 of ultrasound material, such as synthetic rubber, and the thickness of the membranes 4 .and 5 decreases; the periphery compartment to the center. On elastic membranes 4 and 5, reflective elements 6 are rigidly fixed, located in a checkerboard radial order. On two adjacent quarters of the surface of each disk.

The reflective elements 6 are made of an opaque material for ultrasonic ultrasound, for example, praplast. Such arrangement of the reflective elements 6 allows, when being located through the acoustic window 3, not closing each other, to present four main areas of the location: without echoes, with echoes from the heart wall, with echoesign from the anterior and posterior walls; with echo from the anterior wall of the heart.

The echocardiograph sensor is placed opposite the sectors of the acoustic window 3 in accordance with the selected location area.

Using an electric wire and a cam mechanism, multidirectional compression-tension of the working bellows 7 is set with a frequency of changing directions from 20 to 180 per minute. This frequency corresponds to the heart rate in a clinic for cardiovascular disease, for example, from complete intraventricular blockade to paroxysmal tachycardia.

The nature of the movement, consisting in the different tension-compression, the working bellows 7 and 8 is set by the cam mechanism.

The device is equipped with two working bellows 7 and 8, a cam mechanism of an oscillating system with a fork-type pusher 9 and its roller 10 with the ability to control multidirectional stretching and compression of the working bellows 7 and 8. The cam mechanism contains a cam 11 with a groove.

Case 1 is divided by elastic membranes 4 and 5 into three chambers. Extreme chambers 12 are in the form of vessels communicating with each other and with

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working bellows 7. The middle chamber 13, simulating the internal cavity of the heart, is made in the form of a vessel, communicating with another working jilpho 8, and also filled with liquid 2, conducting ultrasound 3, which in all chambers plays the role of the working fluid.

The device is equipped with an electric drive consisting of a stepper motor 14, a gear wheel 15, a screw 16. The device kit includes an electronic control circuit that contains a tunable generator unit 17, a four-phase pulse sequence generator 18, a binary counter for arrhythmia intervals 19, a binary counter 20, arrhythmia cycles, control trigger 21, display unit 22, stop button 23, interval setting switch 24, cycle setting switch 25, operating mode switch 26, valveable etyrehfazny power amplifier 27, a node 28 forming the cam mechanism position signals. The device operates in two modes: without simulating cardiac arrhythmias (RHYTHM) and with simulated H1-arrhythmias (ARITM), To activate the RHYTHM mode, switch 10 is set to the appropriate position.

In this case, the single-phase output im-, puls sequence produced by -nodus 17, performed, for example, according to the scheme shown in FIG. 4a enters through the normally closed contacts of the button 23 Stop to the input of the ramp 18, as well as through the contacts closed in this mode. Switch 26 to the setup input of the control trigger 21, putting it into one state.

A shaper 18, made, for example, according to the scheme shown in FIG. 4a forms, at its terminals A, B, C, and G, a four-phase pulse sequence with a shift of 0, 90, 180, and 270 °, respectively.

A feature of the proposed Shaper 18 circuit is a four-fold reduction in the frequency of the output signals compared to the input. Constantly present in the considered mode of operation a high level of the signal (corresponding to the logical unit), at the inverting output of the trigger 21

arrives at the valve input of a four-phase power amplifier 27 made, for example, according to the scheme shown in FIG. 46, and at the same time ensures the arrival of a reinforced continuous four-phase pulse sequence on the windings of the stepper motor 14.

The control of the follow-up frequency of these control pulses (and, consequently, the speed of rotation of the rotor of the stepper motor and, ultimately, the frequency of simulated heartbeats) is carried out at node 17 using an alternating resistor 17.1.

If it is necessary to repeat the simulated echo device multiple times, in any position of the elastic membranes with the ultrasound fixed to them by the ultrasound fixation elements, they are announced by pressing the Stop button 23.

In this case, the movement of the roller 10 of the forked push rod 9 along the groove of the cam 11 causes the working bellows to compress, and the working bellow 8 to stretch. On one side of each and the elastic membranes 4 and 5 with the reflectors 6, the liquid working fluid 2 in the housing chamber communicates with the working bellows compressively compressing at a given moment of time and creates an increased pressure. On the other hand of the indicated membranes, the liquid working fluid in the chamber of the housing communicates with another bellows at the same time, which creates a lower pressure.

The pressure difference created by the liquid working medium in the chambers separated by membranes provides deLormation of stretching the elastic membranes 4 and 5 to the side with reduced pressure. This changes the distance between the reflectors 6, mounted on the membranes 4 and 5, and the echocardiogram sensor (not shown) mounted to the acoustic window 3. When using the same working amps and ensuring their same multidirectional stretching pusher 8 cam mechanism, there is a proportional change in the volume of the camera body; At the same time, the amount of working fluid body coming from one bellows into the chamber with increasing pressure is equal to

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the liquid working fluid transferring from the chamber with decreasing pressure to another bellows, which makes it possible to fix the position of the elastic membrane (wall of the heart) in any desired position, for example, the heart is compressed or the heart is half full, etc., by Licking working bellows in the appropriate position.

In order to implement the arrhythmia simulation mode, the switch 26 is set to the ARITM position, in which the ARITK switch 26 is injected into the installation input of the trigger 5 pulses that translate it into a single state through the binary counter 19 arrhythmias. The capacity of counter 19 is such that the appearance of output logic signals at its outputs n, 2p, 4p, 8p is disturbed by turning the rotor of the stepper motor 14, the worm gear 15, the screw 10, the cam 11, respectively, by 1/8, 1/4 , 1/2 and 1 full turn. The selection of the simulated arrhythmia interval is achieved by compressing the corresponding switch 24. The transfer of the trigger 21 to the unit state at the installation input by the output logic signal of the overflow counter of intervals 19 causes the removal of the valve 27 from the power amplifier on the other hand, and the reset to zero on the other. 19 through the reset input.

Cyclop arrhythmias are applied using a counter of 20 cycles of arrhythmias and a cam position signal assembly 28, made, for example, according to the scheme shown in FIG. 46, and containing a photodiode sensor on the elements H13.1, U13.1, amplifier-driver on the elements L13.1; Y13.2; Y13.3; 13.5, and also the one-shot on elements D13.2-L13 4 U13.4; 13.6; C13.1.

The photo sensor 29 registers the complete rotation of the cam 9 as a result of the reflection of the luminous flux created by the miniature incandescent lamp reflecting the cam portion. At the same time, a change in the potential at the output of the amplifier-transformer is transformed by a single-vibration device into a pulse of completion of the cycle, which is fed to the counting input of the counter of 20 cycles.

The capacity of the counter 20 cycles provides simulation of arrhythmias through 1, 2, A, B normal cycles.

Selecting a simulated ghikl with setting arrhythmias is performed by pressing the corresponding key of switch 25. The control trigger 21 is set to the zero state. At the reset input, the overflow signal of the counter of 20 cycles causes the power amplifier 27 to close and, therefore, the rotation stops cam, and, on the other hand, removal of the zero signal on. the corresponding input of the interval counter 19,

This state is induced by the illumination of the control LED G6.1 of the display unit 22

The interval counter 20 begins to fill with incoming pulses at its counting input, and when it is filled, the control trigger 21 is switched, which in turn will lead to the activation of the stepping motor. 14, resetting the counter 19, turning off the LED Ub, 1 and the subsequent repetition of the whole process of modeling arrhythmia, since this is, for example, shown in the time diagrams of FIG. five,

The operation of the mechanical part of the device is carried out in the same way as in the RHYTHM mode.

The use of the proposed device as compared with the known one allows to expand the functionality of the device, increase the degree of imitation of echocardiographic signals, provides a simulation of cardiac arrhythmias and makes it possible to use a predictable device for training medical personnel, calibration and bench testing of echocardiographs,

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Claims (1)

1. A device for simulating echocardiographic signals, comprising a housing filled with an ultrasound-conducting fluid and having an acoustic window, an ultrasonic reflector and an electric drive electrically connected to the circuit control, which is distinguished by the fact that, in order to increase the reliability, a second second ultrasonic oscillation reflector, two working bellows and a cam mechanism connected with an electric drive and rocking with a forked push rod mounted on a cam mechanism with controllability of multidirectional stretching - by compression of working sylphs, both reflectors are made in the form of elastic membranes of disk form made of conductive ultrasound material with reflecting elements rigidly fixed on the polo In the case of each membrane-disk in a staggered-radial order relative to each other and reflecting elements on another membrane, the inner space of the body is divided by membranes into three chambers, the outermost of which are connected to each other and with one of the working bellows. with another bellows, and the membranes are offset by a quarter of a circle. 2, a device according to claim 1, of a tl ichu 1c e e c. The fact that, in order to expand the functionality by simulating arrhythmias, the control circuit includes a tunable generator node, a four-phase pulse sequence generator, a binary counter for arrhythmias, a binary counter for arrhythmias, a control trigger, a display node, a Stop button, an interval setting switch, cycle setting switch, mode switch, valve knob; a four-phase power amplifier, a stepper motor, a cam signal positioning unit, the output of the tunable generator unit is connected via a Stop button to the counting inputs of a binary counter for arrhythmia intervals, a four-phase pulse sequence driver, and a contact for the first group of inputs of the first direction of the operating mode switch, the outputs of the four-phase pulse shaper sequence are connected in phase with the valves of the valve a phase power amplifier, a non-inverted control trigger, is connected to a valve-controlled four-phase power amplifier, the outputs of which are connected in a coordinated manner by Laza to a four-phase stepper motor, the inverting output of the control trigger is connected to the input of an indicator and a unit, a set of a stepper motor, a set of a phase-locked power amplifier, is connected, and the inverting output of the trigger trigger is connected to a display unit and a set of a stepper motor, which is connected by a set of a stepper motor, a inverter output inverting control trigger, connected to a display unit, and an adapter with a four-phase stepper motor. forming the cam position signal is connected to the counting input of the arrhythmias cycle counter; cycles are connected to the contact of the second group of inputs of the second direction of the mode switch, the outputs of the binary counter of arrhythmia intervals are connected via the interval setting switch with the contact of the second group of inputs of the first direction of the mode switch, the outputs of the first and second directions of which are connected respectively to the installation and reset inputs control trigger. piece / FIG. 2 % %%%;% %%%one Fig.Z 25SB 20 / one 2 f sh, -about R 2X: