SU1532652A2 - Method of hydraulic deposition of hydraulic structures - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering construction, in particular to the intake of dams in the river bed and ravines. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the cost of moving soil and water for the washing of structures and the topsoil of farmland. From the stream of thawed and storm waters in the catchment area, soil is washed away and soil is washed in from the uncultivated land. Then, the loosened sandy, clay-sandy and clayey soil from the pit for pulp preparation is introduced into the stream of thawed and storm water. Prepared in the area adjacent to the ravine, the pulp is sent to the ravine for the construction of dams and the alluvial bed. 3 hp f-ly, 4 ill.

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic construction, in particular to methods for washing earth dams in a ravine and washing its bed, and is an improvement of the invention in accordance with the author. No. 1145074.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the cost of moving soil and water for the washing of structures and the topsoil of farmland.

Figure 1 shows the scheme of the alluvial bed of the ravine by feeding sandy or clayey soil from the quarry into the stream of thawed and storm water; Fig. 2 is a diagram of the alluvial bed of the ravine flowed with melt and storm water containing soil that is loosened on the slopes of the catchment area; on fig.Z - scheme of the alluvium of the bed of the ravine pulp, cooked in a stream of thawed and storm water by loosening the soil in the strip,

adjacent to the ravine; figure 4 - section aa in fig.Z.

Example 1. Before washing up the bed of the ravine 1 (Fig. 1), the top layer of high-quality soil is cut off on its slopes and on the open pit 2 area. At the end of the ravine, an earth dam 3 is constructed to raise the level of water flowing through the ravine. A shaft 4 is created around the pit to direct the flow of water into the ravine bed. On the area 5 of the catchment area, the pitchers build horizontally 6 and vertically 7 to move the flow of water horizontally. The level and direction of the water is adjusted by means of valves 8 installed horizontally at the end of the shafts.

Instead of earthen dropping shafts arranged vertically and horizontally, in some cases, it is advisable to

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ate to

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place the rollers differently from the pipes.

The process of washing the channel of the ravine and the drainage area is carried out by successive sedimentation of the soil from a stream of thawed and storm water. On the catchment area 5, the soil is washed away by washing away the soil at a flow depth of 0.1-0.6 the heights of the earth walls and flow rates in the range of 0.01-0.08 m / s. The specified depth of flow and speed regulate using valves 8.

In the presence of high-quality excess soil in the upper zone of the catchment area, pulp is introduced into the stream of thawed and storm water, the soil of which is deposited in the space between the shafts.

After the sedimentation of the soil, the soil is washed off over the area of the 5th catchment area and the streams of thawed and storm water flow through the continuously loosened quarry-2 soil. The sandy and clayey soil formed from the pulp flows down through the channel into ravine 1 for the riverbed.

After finishing the reclamation of the gully channel, the surface of the quarry 2 is level and covered with a layer of quality soil by moving the soil of the barrier shaft 4. The crumbled bed of the gulch is also covered with a layer of quality soil obtained prior to the start of alluvion by cutting the soil from the slopes of the gulch and the open pit area.

The flow of thawed and storm water from the catchment area 5 after washing the ravine is regulated by means of shafts placed horizontally. M. The surplus water along special bypass channels is diverted to water bodies or to the river.

Example 2. The scheme of the alluvion shown in FIG. 2 differs from the scheme of FIG. 1 by the fact that the pulp for washing the channel of the ravine in the stream of thawed and storm waters is prepared by loosening the soil in the upper part of the slope, and no pulp is fed to the middle part of the ravine. This part of the ravine stands out for the reservoir.

Before the beginning of the alluvial regime, they build up the arable earth shafts 9 vertically (likewise and the plow shafts 10 horizontally).

Vertical channel between shafts for pulp flow

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five

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five

0

five

0

five

ego gully. At the end of the shafts horizontally mounted rod round valves 11 to regulate the discharge of water from the strips between the shafts. Before the beginning of the alluvium bed alluvium, a layer of soil 12 is placed in the lower part of the alluvium area to increase the level and reduce the water flow rate. From the area for loosening the soil of the upper zone 13 of the slope, high-quality soil is removed and used to build the shaft.

When thawing or storm water flows through the continuously loosened layer of sandy or clayey soil of zone 13, pulp is formed, which along the channel between the shafts 9 located vertically merges into the channel 14 of the ravine.

The thawed and storm waters not absorbed by the soil of the catchment area are discharged into the channel through valve 11. The middle part of the ravine bed intended for the reservoir does not fill with soil. Reservoirs can be placed in several areas of the ravine. At the end of the gully bed of alluvium, the slope zone 13, on which the soil is loosened to form pulp, is leveled and covered with a layer of soil displaced before the start of the alluvium.

Example 3 (illustrated by the diagrams in FIG. 3 and 4). In the absence of an elevation and slopes with a steepness above 15, it is advisable to prepare pulp to fill the ravine at the expense of melt and storm water through a strip of loosened soil located directly at the ravine.

Before the beginning of the alluvial bed of the ravine 15, the upper layer of high-quality soil is removed from the ravine slopes (if present) and the strip 16 of the catchment area adjacent to the ravine, and this soil is moved to build shafts 17 and 18, enclosing the zone of the strip 16, where the soil is loosened alluvion of the bed of the ravine. Shafts 19 are built along the vertical slopes to distribute the water flows.

Rod valves 20 are installed to regulate the flow of water in the pulp formation zone, and valves 21 are maintained to maintain the level of water in zone 19 to form a pulp.

On the catchment area 29, located on the slope above the shaft T8,

The soil is washed away by washing away the soil and high-quality soil introduced into the water streams to wash the topsoil.

Through valves 20, water is bypassed to the area of the strip 16 and flows through a continuously loosened soil to form pulp.

Pulp prepared in strip 16 between shafts 17 and 18, through valves 21, is discharged into the ravine bed for lather.

At the end of the alluvium, the strip between the shafts 17 and 18 is flattened and covered with a layer of quality soil by moving and leveling the soil of the shaft 17.

Claims (4)

1. The method of washing the hydraulic structures on the bus. No. 1145074, characterized in that, in order to reduce the cost of moving five 0 That, for the washing of hydraulic structures and the ravine bed, after the completion of the alluvium, the displaced upper layer of the soil is evenly distributed over the area of the washed water of the ravine and the area of loosening of the soil for pulp preparation. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pulp for the washing of the ground hydraulic structure in the ravine and the channel of the ravine is prepared by supplying water to the loosened surface of the hill after removing the topsoil to build the shaft enclosing the area of the soil loosening or feeding water to the suction dredger installed on the rampant area enclosed by the shaft. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pulp for the washing of the land hydraulic structure in the ravine and the ravine bed soil and water for washing the construction of-25, is prepared by supplying water to The topsoil and topsoil of farmland, the thawed and storm water flows are sequentially guided to wash up the topsoil of farmland located at the ravine, then to wash the hydraulic structure in the ravine and alluvial bed of the ravine, soil is washed off by the soil of the farmland and the groundwater is washed away sand, sand-clay and clay soils are introduced into the clarified stream for the washing of hydraulic structures and the ravine bed, which are obtained by loosening the soil of hills, s slopes and agricultural areas adjacent to the gully, before loosening soil in a water stream remove the top layer of soil for forming therefrom the shaft is born og- area loosening GRUN $ 0 five 0 the loosened area of steep slopes after removing the topsoil to build shafts that direct the flow of pulp to the ravine, followed by moving the soil to the pulp preparation area to wash the hydraulic structure and the ravine bed. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pulp for washing the earth hydraulic structure in the ravine and the ravine bed is prepared by loosening the soil in the water flow on the area adjacent to the ravine after removing the top quality layer of soil from this area, as well as from the slopes of the ravine, which is returned to the pulp preparation area after the end of the alluvium of the land hydraulic structure and the ravine bed.  I FIG. 2 .5 L .5 -7 FIG. four