SU1502493A1 - Arrangement for making staple fibres - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the production of lightweight fibrous refractory materials, in particular, to devices for producing super-thin staple fiber from mineral melts by the method of horizontal blowing of a melt jet with a compressible medium. The invention aims to improve quality and increase productivity. A device for producing staple fibers comprises a housing 1 with a front 2 and a rear 3 lids, a receiving nozzle 4 located in the lid 2, formed by the housing 1 and lids 2 and 3, an energy carrier supply cavity 5, an ejector 6 coupled to the lid 3. With the nozzle 4 in series modules 7 and 8 are connected, and a turbulator 9 is placed behind module 8. Module 7 contains a working nozzle 10, made in the form of an annular block of flat nozzles with an oblique cut, form an angle of 45-60 ° with the device axis. The working area of modules 7 and 8 is made in the form of conical surfaces 14 and 15 with an opening angle of 12-22 °, and cavity 5 is made with radial partitions 16 and 17, forming channels 18 and 19. 3 sludge.

Description

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F (/ g. /

housing 1 from front 2 and rear 3 covers, located in cover 2 receiving nozzle 4, formed by housing 1 and keys 2 and 3, energy supply supply cavity 5, ejector 6 connected to cover 3. Modules 7 and 8 are connected to nozzle 4, and turbulizer 9 is located behind module 8. Module 7 contains the operating

a nozzle 10, made in the form of an annular block of flat nozzles with a high medium, which form an angle of 45-60 with the device axis. The working area of modules 7 and 8 is made in the form of conical surfaces 14 and 15 with an opening angle of 12-22, and cavity 5 is made with radial partitions 16 and 17, forming channels 18 and 19. 3 sludge.

The invention relates to the production of lightweight fibrous refractory materials, in particular, to devices for producing super-thin staple fiber from mineral melts by the method of horizontal blowing of a jet of melt with a compressible medium.

The purpose of the invention is to improve quality and increase productivity.

FIG. 1 shows the device: a longitudinal section; in fig. 2 is a section A-A in FIG. in fig. 3 is a view B in FIG. one.

A device for producing staple fibers comprises a housing 1 with a front 2 and a rear 3 covers, a receiving nozzle 4 arranged in the cover 2 and formed by the housing 1 and the covers 2 and 3, an energy carrier supply cavity 5, an ejector 6 coupled to the cover 3, and with the nozzle 4 modules 7 and 8 are successively connected, and a turbulator 9 is placed behind module 8, module 7 contains a working nozzle 10, made in the form of a ring block of Laval flat nozzles with an oblique cut 11, and module B - working nozzle 12 Laval flat nozzles with oblique cut 13, cro In addition, the working area of modules 7 and 8 is made in the form of conical surfaces 14 and 15, respectively, and the cavity 5 is made with radial partitions 16 and 17, forming channels 18 and 19 respectively.

The device works as follows.

Energy (steam or compressed air) is fed under high pressure into the cavity 5. Through channels 18 and 19, the energy carrier enters nozzles 11 and 13. After nozzles 11 and 13 pass, the energy carrier enters the working zone of modules 8 and 7 at high speed,

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with

J 5 0 5

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where surfaces 14 and 15 form continuous annular flows with a high degree of turbulence from plane jets. Passing modules 7 and 8, the total energy carrier flow enters the zone of action of the turbulizer 9. Here, additional disturbances due to the powerful acoustic vibrations that generate the turbulator are transmitted to the energy carrier stream. After 3-5 minutes, the device is ready for operation. This time is necessary to get rid of possible condensate present in the energy carrier. After that, a stream of melt, perpendicular to the axis of the device, is supplied to the zone of the nozzle 4 from the side of the cover 2. Having entered the zone of action of the ejection forces, the melt jet unfolds and through the nozzle 3 enters the active flow of energy carrier, formed by module 7, where the melt jet is destroyed. Then the melt in the form of droplets is delivered by the aerodynamic flow into the energy carrier flow formed by module 8, where the destruction of larger droplets is completed and the fiber forming process begins, which is sharply intensified in the area of the turbulizer and is completed at some distance from the outlet section of the ejector. The losses of the ejection effect, which are caused by the presence of a turbulizer in the flow part of the device, are compensated by the ejector.

Making the fiberglass chamber in the form of two modules for forming the energy carrier flow and a turbulence generator located behind the modules allows to effectively capture the jet with an increased melt flow rate, introduce it into the fiber optic chamber, break it into drops and ensure high-performance the process of forming superthin staple fibers, in which the content of non-fibrous inclusions in the finished product is sharply reduced. This is achieved due to the fact that each of the modules forms a flow of energy carrier, optimally performing its task, and together they form a stable total flow in the fiberization chamber with a high degree of turbulence. Moreover, having passed the second module, the melt in the form of directionally deformed droplets enters the zone of action of the turbulizer, which generates powerful acoustic oscillations, the energy of which is aimed at creating additional forces to ensure the necessary speed of formation of the superthin staple fiber from the melt energy carrier. At the same time, if the turbulator is placed in the initial part of the flow part of the device, then the main part of the energy of the acoustic wheels goes to crushing the melt jet into droplets of small fractions, which are picked up by the flow and carried away from the device in its axial zone processing into fiber, which leads to a decrease in the quality of the finished product because of the increased content of non-fibrous inclusions. The implementation of a turbulizer in the form of a metric thread with an internal diameter of 1.06 to 1.12 of the diameter of the output section of the second module allows, with a slight energy consumption of the energy carrier, to generate acoustic oscillations

predetermined power to ensure that additional viscosity stresses occur in the melt with an increase in its viscosity. The latter phenomenon is caused by the cooling of the melt as it passes through the fiberization chamber. In this case, the losses caused by the presence of such a turbulizer are almost completely compensated by the presence of an ejector of the second kind.

Increasing the inner diameter of the thread to more than 1.12 of the diameter of the output section of the second module is impractical because the efficiency of additional processing of the formed staple fibers by acoustic oscillations decreases in the direction of the axis

devices. Thus, with a diameter equal to 1.15 of the diameter of the outlet section of the second module, the content of fibers with a diameter greater than 1 micron reaches 13.9%.

The decrease in the internal diameter of the turbulizer leads to significant energy losses of the energy of the energy carrier, which is not able to compensate for the ejector. In this case, the ejection effect in the area of the receiving nozzle decreases and the content of non-fibrous inclusions increases.

5 in finished products. So. already with an internal diameter of the turbulizer equal to the diameter of the output section of the second module, the content of non-fibrous inclusions, greater than 0.5 mm, reaches 3.2%.

Making the modules in the form of a conical surface with an angle of openings oL 12–22, coupled with a ring block of flat Laval nozzles with an oblique cut, the output sections of which form an angle of ft ± 45–60 with the device axis, allows maximum use of the energy carrier energy

Q to form a working aerodynamic flow in the fiber formation chamber, which provides the necessary ejection force for capturing a jet with an increased melt flow rate and high-quality processing of the latter into super-thin fiber. Each working nozzle is designed for a mode that ensures the optimal performance of the task assigned to it, and performing them as an annular block of flat Laval nozzles with an oblique cut, the output sections of which form an angle of 60 ° with the device axis, which allows to obtain a higher flow rate of energy the fiberization chamber and form a total workflow with a given kinetic energy. A decrease in the angles of about and ft leads to a decrease in the rate of the total flow, and the melt drops are mainly located in the axial zone. In this case, there is a decrease in the ejection effect and the quality of the fibrous material obtained. Thus, at values of si P 35 °, the resulting fibrous material contains 2.8% non-fibrous inclusions larger than 0.5 mm, and the percentage content

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five

0

The duration of fibers with a diameter greater than 1 micron in control beams reaches 18%. An increase in the angle of more than 25 leads to a separation of the energy carrier flow in the modules before their cross sections, which leads to a loss of the kinetic energy of the flow, and an increase in the angle A more than 75 leads to the fact that the very nozzle effect disappears in the proposed design of the fiberization chamber. oblique cut.

The implementation of the energy supply cavity with radial partitions, which form individual energy supply channels to each flat nozzle with an oblique cut, ensures an even supply of energy carriers to the working nozzles, eliminates disturbances at the input to their input sections and minimizes the losses when transforming the potential energy of the energy carrier kinetic.

The combination of these features allows for production. mullite-silica rolled fibrous material to obtain super-thin staple fibers with a productivity of 674 kg / h with a content of non-fibrous inclusions in the finished product, greater than 0.5 mm, up to 0.9%.

rmula of invention

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A device for producing staple fibers, comprising a housing, front and back covers, a melt feed nozzle, an energy carrier supply cavity, a fiberization chamber, and an ejector, characterized in that, in order to improve. The quality and productivity of the fiber forming chamber is made of two coaxially positioned energy carrier flow modules and a turbulator mounted behind them with a cutting on the working surface, the inner diameter of which is 1.06 - 1 .12 diameters of the output section of the second module, each the module is blended with a working nozzle in the form of an annular block of flat Laval nozzles with an oblique cut, the output sections of which form an angle of 45–60 with the device axis, and its working area is made in the form of a conical surface ited with the angle-opening 12 d - 22 °, supplying energy carrier cavity is formed with radial walls forming individual flow channels energy carrier to each flat nozzle.

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Vig B

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Claims (1)

Claim A device for producing staple fibers, comprising a housing, front and rear covers, a nozzle for supplying a melt, an energy supply cavity, a fiber forming chamber and an ejector, characterized in that, for the purpose of improving In order to improve quality and increase productivity, the fiberization chamber is made of two coaxially arranged modules for forming the energy carrier flow and a turbulator installed behind them with a thread on the working surface, the inner diameter of which is 1.06 - 1, -12 of the output diameter, the cross section of the second module, each the module is made with a working nozzle in the form of an annular block of flat Laval nozzles with an oblique cut, the output sections of which form an angle of 45 ° to 60 ° with the device axis, and its working area is made in the form of a conical surface minute angle d disclosure 12 - 22 °, an energy supply cavity provided with radial walls forming individual flow channels energy source to each flat nozzle. Aa FIG. Z view 5 FIG. 3