SU1439118A1 - Method of refining animal fats and vegetable oils - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the oil and fat industry, in particular to methods of refining animal fats and vegetable oils, and is aimed at reducing the loss of the target product and speeding up the process. The method involves the neutralization of fats and oils with an aqueous solution of ammonia water-salt lining from a solution of ammonium sulfate concentration of 2-6% with its ratio to the fat from 0.8: 1 to 1: 1. Moreover, before the phases are separated, the mixture is heated to 96-98 ° C.

Description

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FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the oil and fat industry and relates to the methods of refining animal fats and vegetable oils.

The aim of the invention is to reduce the loss of the target product and accelerate the process.

The method is carried out as follows.

Fat or oil is mixed with a solution of ammonium sulphate with a concentration of 2-6% with a solution: fat ratio of 0.8: I to 1: 1, after which an aqueous solution of ammonia and BajoT is added, for 30-50 seconds. The resulting mixture is heated to 96--98 ° C, and the phases are separated into an upper layer of neutral fat and a lower layer of saponified fatty acids.

Under the selected modes, neutral fat saponification is prevented, the emulsifying action of the soaps is reduced, and a more complete separation of the phases is provided without additional separation.

When going beyond the lower limits of the parameters, the quality of purification of fats is not achieved, and when going beyond the upper limits, the consumption of reagents, heat and electricity and the duration of the process increase. At the same time, a decrease in the concentration and ratio of ammonium sulfate below optimal values does not ensure its effective effect as an electrolyte. Reducing the mixing time and concentration of the ammonia solution worsens the contact of the alkaline reagent with free fatty acids and leads to incomplete neutralization, : Silence of the separation phase. An increase in temperature (above 98 s) leads to its sticking, which prevents phase separation without additional settling.

Example 1. 500 g of beef fat, having an acid number of 30 mg KOH, after acid refining to a water wash, DornH 7 is heated to its melting temperature and mixed with a 6% ammonium sulfate solution in a 1: 1 ratio. An aqueous ammonia solution with an excess factor of 1.2 is added to the resulting fatty salt-water mixture of the fat and the reaction mixture is stirred for 50 seconds. It is then heated to 98 ° C for phase separation. In this case, a neutral fat without additional settling forms the upper layer, which separates into a collection. The output of neutral fat is 80.5% with an acid value of 0.34 mg KOH; process duration 2 hours

Example 2. 500 g of porcine fat with an acid number of 2i mg KOH after acid refining and washing with water to pH 7. Heat to melting temperature and mix with a 4% ammonium sulfate solution in the ratio solution; fat 0.9: 1. An aqueous solution of ammonia with an excess ratio of 1, I is added to the resulting fatty salt-water mixture of the fat, and the reaction mixture is stirred for 40 seconds. After that, it is heated to 97 ° C to separate the phases. In this case, the neutral fat forms an upper layer without additional sedimentation. The yield of neutral fat is 87.2% with an acid number of 0.35m KOH, the duration of the refining process is 2 hours. Example 3. 500 g of hydrated sunflower oil with an acid number of 10.6 mg CFU, mixes with ammonium sulfate solution of 2% concentration. the ratio of the solution; fat OjSl, To the mixture is added an aqueous solution of ammonia with an excess factor of 1, and stirred for 30 seconds, after which it is heated to 96 C. At the same time, neutral fat forms an upper layer without further settling. The yield of neutral fat is 93.5% with an acid number of 0.35 mg KOH, the duration of the process is 2 hours.

Example 4. (When exiting beyond the lower limits of the parameters). The method is the same as Example 1, except for the ratio of solution: fat 0.7: 1, the coefficient of excess aqueous ammonia is less than I ,, for 20 seconds and the mixture is heated until phase separation. At the same time, neutral fat without additional settling is not cured. After settling for 2 hours, the coffers of the neutral fat,

Example 5, (when going beyond the upper limits of the parameters). The method is similar to example 1, except

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The ratio of solution: fat is 1.2: 1, the ratio of the excess aqueous ammonia solution is more than 1.2, stirring for 60 seconds and heating the mixture to SO with for phase separation. At the same time, there is no reduction in fat loss and accelerated refining.

Example b (by a known method)

500 g of ground beef fat with an acid number of 30 mg KOH, after acid refining and washing to pH 7, are heated to 95 ° C with stirring. When the mixer is stopped, a 0.13% sodium chloride solution heated to boiling is introduced into the fat in an amount of 1500 g. Then, when the mixer is stopped, sprayed sodium hydroxide concentration of 45 g / l is heated by boiling over the entire surface of the fat. in the amount of 13 g with an excess ratio of 1.1. The neutralized fat is settled for 3 hours. The yield of neutral fat is 66.8% with acid number O, L mg KOH, the duration of the process is 6 hours.

Use for refining fats and oils of an aqueous solution of ammonia with

water-salt lining from a solution of ammonium sulfate concentration of 2-6% with its ratio to fat from 0.8: 1 to 1: 1, carrying out neutralization with stirring for 30-50 s and heating the mixture to separate the phases to a temperature of 96-98 This reduces the loss of the target product and speeds up the refining process.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of refining animal fats and vegetable oils, including heating the reaction mass, alkaline neutralization with a water-salt lining and subsequent separation of phase 9, characterized in that, in order to reduce the loss of the target product and accelerate the process, an aqueous solution of ammonia is used as the alkaline An aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate with a concentration of 2-6% with its ratio to the product being refined is from 0.8: to 1: 1, and heating is carried out before phase separation to the temp Ratur 96-98 p.