SU1401139A1 - Method of erecting a yieldable concrete support - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to mine construction, and m. used for fastening of rock pits, passed in rocks, characterized by the manifestations of rock pressure in the form of their movements. The chain is an increase in compliance of the lining, ensuring its safety during repeated movements of the surrounding rocks.

Description

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After excavation, internal and external formwork with outlet openings in the form of windows 3 are erected. After the concrete has set, the formwork is dismantled and the fixing space is filled with a bulk material, for example sand. A sealing material is poured into the window 3 with the possibility of forming areas between the inner formwork and the base of the cone of the filled filling material. The height of the windows 3 corresponds to the height of the ionon of the poured material. In order to prevent the sand from spontaneously pouring out, goats 5 are installed under the windows 3. When moving, the condition of the sand slopes in the windows 3 is disturbed, which is determined by the discoloration, which is carried out, for example, with lime. 3 il.

The invention relates to mine construction and can be used to mount mine workings covered in rocks characterized by the manifestations of rock pressure in the form of their movements.

The aim of the invention is to increase the compliance of the lining, ensuring its safety during repeated movements of the surrounding rocks.

FIG. 1 shows a support, built: Enna according to the proposed method, a transverse section; in fig. 2 shows section A-A in FIG. 1, in FIG. 3 - element |; boron lining with vertical window ,,

Cross section I: Concrete construction works

The elongated lining using the proposed method is carried out in the following order.

Internal and external formwork (with the exception of the arched part of the mount, where only internal formwork is necessary) are installed, for simplicity not shown in the drawings, fixed in the formwork at certain distances between each other, e.g. when pouring a non-tonne mixture 2, exhaust ports 3 are formed (Figs. 1 and 2). After the concrete has set, the formwork is dismantled AND the fixing space is filled with an effluent material, for example sand 4, after which, repeating these works in the order described, the next support is erected. The length of the section (calculated along the axis of the fixed production) is chosen, based on the convenience

work on the formulation of the formwork and its dismantling, as well as on filling the fixed space with sand.

The best location is

checkpoints in staggered order (Fig. 2), at which, with the same distances between the outlet windows, the maximum support area per head per outlet window is reached, which reduces their total number in the fixed production area.

If the thickness of the lining does not provide sufficient height

Exhaust windows, i.e. naturally: forming; their sand escarpment can reach the inner surface of the lining, and the sand will spontaneously pour out, then goats 5, which in the simplest design, are the upper parts of the ducts 1 that extend towards the fixed space, are installed on the inner side of the lining. .

An indispensable condition for the successful operation of the proposed lining is the complete filling of the anchored space with loose material — sand,

for what when filling with sand

the securing space of each subsequent section of the lining, additional filling is carried out with sand of the securing space of the previous section of the lining. Concrete malleable lining of the proposed design works as follows.

When the occurrence of the occurrence of rock pressure and the corresponding movement of interfering rocks began,

This or that section of the fixed excavation, enclosed between an array of rocks and lining of the flowing material - sand begins to experience a comprehensive compression, at the beginning of the movement of rocks transmitted lining. However, in areas that come up against the release of ny windows, the sand immediately begins to be squeezed out, its slopes in the outlet windows already go beyond the inner surface of the lining, and sand begins to erupt into the inside of the excavation section. The release volumes of the anchorage space against the exhaust ports immediately, due to the large difference in pressure exerted by the moving rock on the filling, are filled with sand flowing from the inter-window portions of the anchorage space, the pressure on the support decreases sharply and falls to normal. After the sand is filled from the corresponding outlet windows, it is naturally formed (the slopes in the outlet windows are stabilized, the sand precipitates immediately after the movement of the interfering rocks stops, and the safeguard space in the area of the rock movements continues remain completely filled with bulk material. The support retains its ductility quality.

The offered flexible lining can cause not one, but several movements of the enclosing rocks, which of course depends on their scale, as well as on the volume of the fixed space filled with sand. However, ceteris paribus, lining is more flexible than lining of known structures. can, without repair work, simply keep the whole period of service of the fixture fixed by it, which is its main advantage.

The offered flexible lining can also be erected from prefabricated elements (Fig. 3). This will eliminate the need to build internal and external formwork and reduce the cost of work. At the same time, the principle of the action of such support as malleable does not change.

The use of the proposed flexible support makes it very easy to monitor the condition of the enclosing

rocks. Any of their smallest displacement disrupts the state of slopes of the volatile material in the exhaust ports, which is determined by the disturbance of their color, which is performed, for example, with lime. Thus, visually, without the use of expensive and complex equipment, it is possible to establish the fact (or facts) of the movement of the interfering rocks during the inspection bypass inspection and, accordingly, orient mining operations.

It is simple, when using the proposed ductile attachment, to give an average quantitative estimate of the displacement of the enclosing rocks that occurred at any part of the fixed mine work, not using the frame system and not conducting systematic surveying control. To do this, under each vertical row of exhaust ports is installed. The measured containers in advance and by the amount of sand poured in them, dividing by the area covered by the outflow windows from which sand eruption was recorded, determine the average movement of the surrounding rocks.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A method of erecting concrete underlaying lining, including excavation of workings, erection of lining with outlets for the release of a sealing material, characterized in that, in order to increase not the livability of the support that ensures its safety during repeated movements of interfering rocks, the outlets are are in the form of windows, and the filling material is poured into 45 of them with the possibility of forming areas between the inner surface of the lining and the base of the cone of the filled filling material, and the height of the release The windows of the window correspond to the height of the cone of the suspended material, and visors are installed on the inside of the lining above the outlet windows, while 55 fine-grained materials, such as sand, which are painted with light paint, such as lime, are used as filling material. -t 6 /// / 1 "/// /// /// /// / y / / X / //  ; .i - o V .i «« .vi. о.о о- .. -u .Vt .4 .0 .О., ... “. about .. . .) -. -o ... f,:, ff-.:O;:, a. SgO .: o ...... .. o; . /.;. . veg / X / x / / fx / yv / Editor G. Gerber 13 Compiled by L. Berezkina Tehred A. Kravchuk  / // // /// /// 2 Proofreader M. Demchik