SU1359096A1 - Apparatus for ultrasonic abrasive-free working - Google Patents

Description

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The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular, to devices for finishing (finishing) processing of products by plastic deformation of the surface layer of a metal when exposed to ultrasonic vibrations and to the processing of internal face shaped surfaces of bodies of revolution.

The purpose of the invention — improving the machining accuracy — is achieved by accurate centering and ensuring a uniform force effect of the tool on all points of the treated surface by inserting mutually perpendicular guides with damping elements into the device.

Figure 1 shows the proposed device; figure 2 - section aa on dfar. one; in fig. 3 shows a section BB in FIG. ; Figures 4 and 5 give a diagram of the forces acting on the working tool with the misalignment of the axes of the working tool and the inner surface of the workpiece.

The device consists of a base frame 1 with a vertical U-shaped collar. The frame is fixed perpendicular to the axis of the waveguide (a-a) and parallel to the end surface of the treatment (bb) of the workpiece 2 transverse guides 3 with the movable part 4. On opposite sides of the collar are placed damping elements 5 interacting with the movable part of the transverse guides 3. The damping elements 5 are made so that they transmit to the movable part of the guides equal forces directed oppositely and perpendicularly to the axis of the longitudinal oscillations (a-a). They can be made in the form of compression springs, pneumatic, hydraulic or other elements, and after calibration they are fixed on opposite sides of the oscillatory system to the projections of the U-shaped bead of frame 1 so that the equal forces transmitted by them to the moving part 4 are opposite. holding: transverse guides are in static equilibrium.

On the movable part 4, the transverse guides 3 are fixed parallel to the axis of the waveguide (a-a) longitudinal guides 6 with their movable part 7. A speaker system is fixed on the latter, including a transducer 8 and a water conductor 9

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at the end of which the working tool 10 is fastened. The working tool 10 is pressed by the pressing mechanism 11. The mechanism 1 1 clamp is fixed one

the end on the shoulder of the frame 1, and the other end, abutting against the speaker system, transmits to it the required pressing force of the working tool 10 against the surface of the workpiece 2.

The clamping mechanism 11, as well as the damping devices 5, can be made in the form of a compression spring, a pneumatic hydraulic actuator or other mechanisms ensuring the transmission of a given clamping force,

 The polishing surface 12 (Fig. 2) of the working tool 10 has a shape, whose profile in horizontal projection, perpendicular to the machining plane (bb), repeats the transverse profile of the workpiece. The tool 10 can be connected to the waveguide 9 either rigidly or by means of a threaded joint.

The device works as follows.

The workpiece is rotated at a certain speed. The tool 10, fixed at the end of the waveguide 9, is inserted into the machined inner surface of the workpiece 2 and pressed by the presser mechanism 11 with a predetermined force.

After applying high-frequency voltage to the transducer, a tool with an ultrasonic frequency mechanically acts on the surface asperity, plastically deforming them to a predetermined value.

The misalignment of the installation of the working tool and the axis of symmetry of the machined inner surface of the part, even by the amount of roughness (for example, R 2.5 μm), results in uneven force effect of the tool surface on the machining surface of the workpiece and, as a result, uneven quality treated surface.

In the device, the movable part 4 of the transverse guides 3, interacting with the damping elements 5, which transmit to it from two opposite sides equal forces directed opposite to the axis of the waveguide (a-a), moves in the guides

under the action of the resultant force R (Fig. 3) from the longitudinal oscillations F, directed along the axis of the working tool to the reaction N, directed perpendicular to the axis of the longitudinal oscillations. CoriacHO of the basic principles of the theory of material resistance, the reaction N will always be directed in the direction opposite to the disturbing load (misalignment of the axis of longitudinal oscillations of the working tool and the axis of symmetry of the workpiece surface in-in, i.e. the reaction tends to return the body to equilibrium).

Thus, any mismatch of these axes aa and v-v will lead to disruption of the static equilibrium of the movable part 4 of the transverse guides 3 and the compression of one of the damping elements 5. Under the action of this disturbing load, the damping element will react to this

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five

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the load and returns the movable part 4 of the transverse guides 3 to the equilibrium state, i.e. equality of forces transmitted by damping elements.

But such equality of forces can be only in one case, when the axis of the working tool (the axis of the longitudinal oscillations of the acoustic system) is combined. falls with the axis of symmetry of the machined surface of the workpiece, i.e. self-centering (self-installation) of the working tool occurs relative to the axis of symmetry of the inner surface of the workpiece being machined.

Ultrasonic vibrations of the working tool with a frequency of, for example, 22 kHz, affecting the asperities of the treated surface, plastically deform them, forming a flat surface with a minimum roughness value.

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b 5 no epf y / Tfo

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Editor A.Dolinich

Compiled by B. Drozhalova

Tehred M. Khodanich Corrector S.Shekmar

Order 6104/15 Circulation 715 Subscription

VNIIPI USSR State Committee

for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5

Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4

Claims (1)

DEVICE FOR ULTRASONIC CLEAR-FREE PROCESSING, comprising an oscillating system and a clamping mechanism consisting of a transducer and a waveguide with a working tool and mounted on a frame with the possibility of moving in the longitudinal direction, characterized in that, in order to increase the accuracy of processing, the oscillating system is placed on the transverse guides installed perpendicular to the axis of the waveguide, and damping elements are introduced into device I, mounted on the frame and located on opposite sides of the oscillatory system emy. SU <„, 1359096 A1