SU1282942A1 - Apparatus for ultrasound machining of hard materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to electrophysical processing methods, where, along with the introduction of deformation forces, the energy of ultrasonic vibrations is introduced into the deformation zone. The invention makes it possible to reduce energy consumption by eliminating the influence of technological effort on the efficiency of introducing ultrasonic energy into the forming center. The waveguide tool is pressed to the workpiece with a strictly metered force, which is kept constant. Simultaneously with the input of ultrasound energy, the shaping is performed by a deforming tool, functionally not related to the input of the energy of ultrasonic vibrations into the workpiece. 2 Il. with (L

Description

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The invention relates to electrophysical processing methods, in which the shaping of the surface of parts is carried out not only due to deformation, but also with the introduction of these forces into the center of shaping the energy of ultrasonic vibrations, in particular, the processing of materials by pressure using ultrasound energy to intensify it.

The aim of the invention is to reduce power parameters.

FIG. 1 shows the proposed device, a general view; in fig. 2 - the working area of this device.

The device is a stamping unit in which the means for shaping and introducing the energy of sound vibrations to the shaping center, made respectively in the form of a waveguide-tool 3 and a punch 4, are mounted on the top 1 and bottom 2 plates, which deform a tool made in the form of a matrix 5 fixed on the additional plate 6 and the clamp 7 fixed on the additional plate 8. The matrix 5 and the clamp 7 are guided relative to the bottom plate 2 of the stamping unit 9. The waveguide is a tool 3 connected to the source By means of a longitudinal ultrasonic oscillation magnetostrictor 10, it is guided relative to the top plate 1 of the first block by the guides 11.

The dosed force of the waveguide tool 3 to the workpiece 12 is created by interchangeable loads 13. The deforming force is transmitted to the matrix 5 and the punch 4 by means of pushers 14. The springs 15 serve to clamp the workpiece in the die, the springs 16 provide access to the interstitial space.

The workpiece 12 is installed in the clamp 7 and fixed in the required position relative to the matrix 5. The working stroke of the device is carried out by moving the upper plate 1 of the sandwich block down.

The waveguide tool 3, when moving the plate 1, acts on the workpiece 12. The contact between the waveguide tool 3 and the workpiece 12 is carried out along the interface of the contacting bodies B. Through the contact surface of the workpiece 12 with the clamp 7 (PR), the waveguide tool on the workpiece is transmitted on the clamp 7 and the spring 15.

The wave guide-tool 3 moves with the plate 1 until the weight of the system 3-10-13 is balanced by the reaction of the springs 15, and then with further movement of the plate 1 it begins to move relative to it in the opposite direction, moving along the guides 11 under the action of the reaction of the springs 15 (the force that the springs 15 must create to press the workpiece during the cutting-punching process,

divided by the condition of acceptable quality of products, always greater than the effective force of pressing the waveguide tool to the workpiece).

In this case, the waveguide tool 3 acts on the workpiece 12 on the surface B with a dosed out pre-selected force, adjustable by interchangeable weights 13.

Upon further movement of the plate 1, the pushers 14 contact the additional plate 6, and by moving it along the guide columns 9, the springs 16 and 15 are compressed, and the workpiece is clamped between the die 5 and the clamp 7 on the interface surface, respectively M

and PR.

Then, at the moment of contact of the workpiece 12, with the punch 4 on the surface P, oscillations are carried out and punching is carried out by displacement in the direction of movement of the upper plate 1 of the clock block

these blanks sandwiched between the matrix 5

and the clamp 7 along the surfaces M and PR, relative to the part of the workpiece, sandwiched between the waveguide-tool 3 and the punch 4 along the surfaces B and P, i.e., the punching-out process is carried out by displacing the workpiece 12 relative to the cutting edges of the punch 4 and matrix 5.

Thus, the technological effort of separation is perceived by the elements of the deforming tool-punch:

punch and die, while the wave guide tool during the deformation process remains compressed against the workpiece 12 with a preselected force, which is kept constant by using interchangeable weights 13.

Structurally, the device for adjusting the force of pressing the waveguide tool to the workpiece can be performed, for example, in the form of an elastic element (s) with an appropriate choice of characteristic

or in the form of a hydraulic or pneumatic feedback system, etc. After the punching-punching process is completed, the vibrations are turned off, the die unit is opened, and all elements of the device return to their original position.

This device was used for punching a hole with a diameter of 1.2 mm in the hetix of GF-1-35-1.5 GOST 10316-78. The two-sided clearance between the punch and the die was 0.06 mm, i.e. 4% of the thickness of the material being punched.

As a source of electrical ultrasonic vibrations, an ultrasonic generator UZDN-0.4 was used. With a power of 400 W, the source of mechanical vibrations was magnetostrictive

transducer with a specific acoustic power of up to 100 W / cm. The waveguide system, calculated taking into account the load response, provided at the working end wave

yes, the instrument has an amplitude of 25 µm with the latter pressed against the workpiece when the die is closed with a force of 3 kgf due to interchangeable loads. The magnitude of the pressing force was determined experimentally from the condition of achieving maximum efficiency in the use of ultrasound in this technological process. The main indicator of the efficiency of the ultrasonic punching process is the required deforming force, the value of which, in turn, determines the quality of the products obtained, the tool durability, efficiency and process productivity.

E () X 100%,

T cf

 - specific deformation force without the use of ultrasound;

 - specific force of deformation with ultrasound.

In this c. maximum efficiency of the process is achieved when the pressing force is wave; 1. -tool to the workpiece sufficient and necessary to create a non-opening acoustic contact center in the deformation process.

The device was installed on the test MauiHHy P-0.5. With a s-speed of the deformation process of 1 mm / s, the force of the deformed, built-up by the mesdose and the meter, was 6 kgf, which minus the resistance of the waveguide tool to the workpiece with a force of 3 kgf corresponds to the resistance of the material to the cut tijp 0.5 kgf / mm (without taking into account the back pressure forces, i.e. the pressing force of the wave guide tool to the workpiece).

The effectiveness of the process, determined by iio in the above formula, was (cf. for d.exam.this material is

12 kgf / mm):

E (UOo / about 95.80 / 0.

In the case of C01, the displacement of technological and acoustic tools, i.e., when applying ultrasonic oscillations, is not averaged on the deforming tool (prototype device) when punching with ideptic technological: to parameters, punching force (ocraEihJiu 6.6 kgf, which corresponds to the resistance of the material to a cut of 1.17 kgf / / mm, the efficiency of the process with the same power of ultrasonic vibrations was only 90.2.IVo.

Reduction of energy and power costs with realiza- tion, and 1red. The device to be used as compared to the prototype is due to the decrease in the energy loss of the ultrasonic vibrations in the waveguide system due to the elimination of the effect of the deforming force on the efficiency of the input of the ultrasound energy into the forming center.

The proposed device for the ultrasonic treatment of solid materials ensures efficient operation of the acoustic oscillatory system at any stage.

 arbitrary demonotonous process of forming parts, for example, punching, which ensures the separation of the material under clean cut conditions with minimal loss of ultrasonic energy and eliminates defects obtained during punching by known methods, such as delamination, chipping, etc.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula 0 Device for ultrasonic processing of solid materials, containing means for shaping and entering the energy of ultrasonic vibrations into the center, installed on the upper and lower plates 5 shaping, as well as a matrix, characterized in that, in order to reduce energy parameters, it is equipped with two guide columns mounted on the bottom plate, mounted on the guide columns two additional plates, the first of which is spring-loaded relative to the bottom plate, and the second relative to the first additional plate, a balancing system made in the form of a plate placed on the top plate with the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to it in the guides, see ontilirovannyh on this plate, and interchangeable goods mounted on the plate with the possibility of joint movement with it along the guides, 0 as well as pushers mounted on the upper plate with the possibility of interaction with the first additional plate, the matrix being installed between the additional plates along the pressure axis of the device, and the means for forming and  The input of ultrasonic vibrations energy into the shaping center is made in the form of two separate struts installed along the pressure axis of the device with the possibility of oncoming movement, and the instrument designed to introduce the energy of ultrasonic signals into the shaping center is rigidly fixed on the plate of the balancing system. cfrus.1 M FIG. 2 Compiled by M. Tarlavska Editor A. LezhninTehred.I. VeresKorrektor M. Demchik Order 7327/6 Circulation 731 Subscription VNIIPI USSR State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab. 4/5 Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, ul. Project, 4 l /