SU1357954A1 - Device for computing logarithms - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is intended to calculate the ratio of two signals and its logarithm given by binary or binary-decimal codes. The purpose of the invention is to expand the functionality of the device. The device contains a pulse counter 1, elements OR 8-10, a pulse generator 11, keys 12 and 13, an indication unit 22, Introduction of pulse counters 2-5, pulse shapers 6 and 7, triggers 14 and 15 and switches 16, 17 and 23 allow the calculation of the logarithm of the ratio. 1 hp f-ly. 3 il. i (L SAE SL -ch1 SO ate 4

Description

one

The invention relates to measurement and computing techniques and is intended to calculate the ratio of two signals and its logarithm specified by binary or binary-decimal codes.

The aim of the invention is to extend the functionality by allowing the calculation of the logarithm of the ratio.

FIG. 1 shows a functional block diagram of the device; in fig. 2 shows the time diagrams of the device operation when calculating the signal ratio; FIG. 3 shows time diagrams of the device operation when calculating the logarithm of the signal ratio.

The digital meter for the ratio of two signals contains the first 1, second 2, third 3, fourth 4 and fifth fifth pulse counters, first 6 and second 7 pulse shapers, first 8, second 9 and third 10 OR elements, generator. 11 pulses, the first 12 and second 13 keys, the first 14 and second 15 triggers, the first 16 and second 17 switches, the first 18 second 19-, and the third 20 input buses, start bus 21, display unit 22 and the third switch 23.

Moreover, the output of the pulse generator 11 is connected to the inputs of the first 12 and second 13 keys, controlled, the inputs of which are connected respectively to the output of the first 14 and second 15 triggers, the output of the key 12 is connected to

the subtraction inputs of the first 1 and the second 40 are position I. The connection between the two pulse counters is connected, the input of the counter 2 code is connected to the first input bus 18, and the write input is connected to the output of the first element OR 8, the first input of which is connected to the start bus 21 and the first input of the second element OR 9, the output of which is connected to the recording input of the first pulse counter 1. The output of the key 13 is connected to the first input of the third element OR 10, the second input of which is connected to the first output of the switch 16, the second output of which is connected to the second input of the switch 17, the output of which is connected to the C input and the first 14 and second 15 triggers, D -BXO- which are connected to the common bus. The input of the first imager 6 pulses connected to the output of the counter 2,

ten

15

579542

and the output with the second input of the element OR 8 and the input of the switch 16. The output of the pulse former 7 is connected to the second input of the element OR 9, and the input to the output of the counter 1 and the summing input of the counter 5, the input of which is connected to the input bus 20. The output of the counter 5 connected to the input of the unit 22, zero output to the S input of the first 14 and the R input of the second 15 flip-flops, a recording input to the start bus 21 and the R input of the first 14 and the S-input of the second 15 flip-flops via the third switch 23, input subtract from the first input of the element Ili Yu, the second input of which is connected to the input subtracting the counter 3, the output of which is connected to the information input of the counter code 1. The inputs to the recording of the third 3 and fourth. 4 meters connected to the bus 21 launch. The information input of the counter 3 is connected to the input bus 20 and the information input of the counter 4, the output of which is connected to the first input of the switch 17, and the subtraction input to the output of the third element OR 10.

The device operates in two modes: calculating the ratio of two signals specified by codes, and obtaining the result in digital form and calculating the ratio of two signals defined by codes, and obtaining the result in digital form (in nepers or ditebella).

In the first mode, the switches 16 and 17 commute the input with the output to

20

thirty

35

The output of the driver 6 pulses with the C-inputs of the first 14 and second 15 triggers. The first bus 18 is supplied with the signal value (code) corresponding to the delim.

The second bus 19 is supplied with the signal (code) value corresponding to the divisor, and the third bus 20 is provided with a zero signal value.

The third switch 23 breaks the control circuit from the start bus 21.

At the beginning of the measurement, a pulse is applied to the start-up bus 21. In this case, the fifth counter 5 is set to the zero state, since its information input has a zero code. In the third 3 and fourth 4 counters

the code signal corresponding to the value of the divider received via the bus 19 is fixed. In the first pulse counter, the value of the code recorded in the third counter 3, the value of the divider is recorded.

The signal from the output of the element OR 8 is fed to the input of the record of counter 2 and fixes in it the value of the dividend code received on the first bus 18. The signal from the zero output of counter 5 passes to the S input of the first 14 and the R input of the second 15 flip-flops. The unit signal from the output of the second trigger 15 passes to the controllable input of the key 12, which opens and allows the passage of pulses from the generator 11 of the pulses to the subtractive inputs of the first 1 and second 2 counters. The code value recorded in counter 2 is significantly higher than in the first counter of 1 pulses, which is determined by the initial choice of the division factor.

After the end of the short pulse on bus 21 in the first 1 and second 2 counters, pulse subtraction begins. After the first zeroing of counter 1, a signal is generated at its output, which through the driver 7 goes to the second input of the element OR 9 and then to the input of the counter 1, where the number corresponding to the divisor will be written

At the same time, the zero signal from the output of counter 1 passes to the input of the summation of counter 5 and fixes a unit in it. After the second zeroing of counter 1, two will be recorded in the counter of 5 pulses, etc.

When the value in counter 2 is reset, the signal through the second driver 7 pulses, through the first 16 and second 17 switches will go to the C-inputs of the triggers

14 and 15.

I

The trigger 14 is set to the zero state, the key 12 is closed. In the counter 5, a number will be fixed, which is proportional to the ratio of the code value on the bus 18 to the code value on the bus 19

P

TO,. TO"

where n is the number of pulses recorded in the counter 5;

K, - tire code 18; K 2 - bus code 19. In FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the output signals of counters 1-5 with 5 operation of the device in the first mode. The specified bus code 18 (Fig. 2a) is entered into counter 2 by the start command (Fig. 26). During the pulse subtraction from counter 2 (Fig. 2c), the first key 12 is opened. At the output of counter 1, the maximum value specified code on the bus 19.

The number of drops of counter 1 (Fig. 2d)

5 is fixed in counter 5 (Fig. 2d).

Before measuring in the second mode, the switches 16,17 and 23 are set to position II. On bus 18, a division factor is established that is proportional to the natural logarithm — the total number (value 2–1) when calculating in binary code or a multiple of ten, when calculating in binary-ten code.

 A code corresponding to a divisible number (divisible more than a divisor) is supplied to the second bus 19. A third one. 20 a bus is given a code corresponding to a divisor.

 The start command (Fig. 3a) records information in the third 3, fourth 4 and fifth 5 counters. In the third 3 and fourth 4 counters, a code value is recorded that connects to the second bus 19 and simultaneously to the information inputs (figsv, g). In the fifth counter of 5 pulses, the signal value of the third bus 20 is recorded (Fig. Ze). In counter 1, the value of the code on the second bus 19 is fixed (Fig. 3g). In counter 2, the value of its code is recorded on the first input bus 18 (Fig. 3g).

The trigger signal comes through

 the closed contacts of the switch 23 to the R input of the first 14 and the S input of the second 15 flip-flops. At the output of the flip-flop 15, a unit is formed, which is fed to the control input of the key 0 13 (Fig. 3b). . ..

After the momentary start signal is removed, the process of measuring and calculating

t /

- where K ,, Kj and K,

K In values

values

signals, respectively, on the first 18, second 19 and third 20 tires.

The pulses from the generator 11 pulses through the second key 13 are sent to the subtracting input of counter 5 and to the first. Input of the element OR 10. From the last and last, the pulses go to the subtracting input of the counter 4. The pulses in the fourth and fifth 5 pulse counters ( Fig. Zd. e). When a zero state occurs in the fifth pulse counter 5, the number corresponding to К2-КЗ is set in counter 4. The signal from the zero output of counter 5 is fed to the S input of the first 14 and second 15 triggers. In the latter, a unit is formed and is fed to the control input of the key 12 (Fig. A). The key 13 closes, since a zero signal is set at the output of the trigger 15.

In this case, the pulses from the generator

11 impulses come through the key

12 on the subtracting, the inputs of the first 1 and second 2 pulse counters.

The operation of the first 1 and second 2 counters is approximately the same as in the first mode. The subtraction of pulses in these counters goes with the same speed in the first 1 second 2 counters. But since in the first counter 1 the number is fixed much less than in the second, then during the time when the zero value appears in the last one, counter 5. multiply fixes the zero value of counter 1.

After each zeroing of the first counter 1 pulses at its output, a signal is generated which passes through the pulse shaper 7 and goes to the second element OR 9 and then to the record input of counter 1, where the number corresponding to the code recorded in counter 3 is recorded. the output of the counter 1 is passed to the summing input of the counter 5, and a unit is fixed in it. During the time when the first zeroing of the second counter of 2 pulses occurs, in the fifth counter of 5 pulses a number of pulses will be recorded, equal to that shown in the first mode,

TO)

P

However, the operation of the device does not stop there. Since, after zeroing the second counter 2 pulses from its zero output, the signal passes to the input of the imager 6, from its

the output signal goes to the second inputs of the first 8 and third 10 elements OR through the switch 16. From the output of the element OR 8, the signal goes to the input of the record of counter 2, where again

the value of the signal of the first bus 18 will be fixed. Counter 2 continues the pulse subtraction (Fig. 3B). -The signal from the output of the element OR 10 is fed to the subtracting input of the counter.

4, the content of which decreases by one, i.e. it will set the number of K2-KZ-1. The zero signal from the output of the imaging unit 6 through the switch 16 is fed to the subtractive input

counter 3, where a new number of pulses is fixed: K2-1.

After this, the process is repeated, and during the second zero reset of counter 2, counter 5 will record the number of pulses equal to:

K1

K1

K2

K2-1

thirty

After the next zeroing of counter 2, the number of impulses equal to

K1

K1

K2

K1

K2-H K2-2

etc.

After / how counter 2 is reset (K2-FF) times, counter 3 will set the number equal to

К2- (К2-КЗ) КЗ.

A zero signal will be established in counter 4, since at the beginning of the pulse subtraction from counter 2 a number (К2-КЗ) was recorded in it.

The zero signal from the output of counter 4 passes through switch 17 to the C inputs of the first 14 and second 15 flip-flops. Both flip-flops are zeroed because there is a zero signal at their D input. In this case, the key 12 is closed.

The subtraction of pulses in the first 1 and second 2 pulse counters is terminated. This is the end of the calculation.

When the signal value in the counter 3, equal to the short circuit, in the counter 5 is not fixir 1

The pulses from the first counter, so the key 12 is closed. The process of counting pulses is completed by the last group of pulses, the number of which is equal to

K1

KZ + 1

In this case, the number of pulses will be recorded in counter 5

N

K1 K2

 K1 (

one

K2

proportional to the number given on the first bus 18 of the device and the sum of the harmonic series (KZ 2), which is equal to

K2

1pKZ

The resulting ratio deviates from the number recorded in the fifth counter. 5, -impulse, only by the coefficient K1, with the help of which it is possible to establish the obtained ratio in nepers or in decibels.

So, if this ratio is a multiple of 4.343, the ratio is obtained in decibels, with 1 - in nepers.

Claims (2)

1. A device for calculating the logarithm containing a pulse-in generator, the output of which is connected to the input of the first key, the output of which is connected to the counting input of the first counter, the second and third keys, the first, second and third elements OR, the display unit, tl and h aa y with the fact that, in order to extend the functionality by providing the calculation of the logarithm of the ratio, the second, third, fourth and fifth counters, the first and second pulse shapers, the first and second triggers are entered into it with the generator output impulse in connected to the input of the second key, the control inputs of the first and second keys are connected to the outputs of the first and second triggers, respectively; the output of the first key is connected 57954 with the subtraction input of the second counter, the information input of which is connected to the first input bus, and the recording input - with the output of the first OR element, the first input of which is connected to the startup bus and the first input of the second OR element, whose output is connected to the recording input of the first counter , the output of the second key is connected to the first input of the third OR element, and the input of the first pulse shaper is connected to the output of the second counter, and the output 15 to the second inputs of the first and third OR elements and the subtraction input of the third counter named pulse, the second pulse shaper output is connected to a second input of the second OR ele20 ment, and the input to the output of the first pulse counter and an input of summing FIFTH pulse counter .informatsionny input coupled to a second input bus, the output - with 25 indicator, zero output - with S-input of the first and R-input of the second trigger, C-inputs of which are connected to the output of the fourth pulse counter, and D-inputs, with a common bus, input 30 records of the fifth pulse counter are connected to the busbar, the R input of the first and 8 inputs of the second trigger and the recording inputs of the third and fourth pulse counters, the output 35 of the third pulse counter is connected to the information input of the first pulse counter, the subtraction input of the fourth pulse counter is connected to the output of the third OR element, and 40 information input - with the input of the third pulse counter and the third input bus. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the first, second and third switches are introduced to expand the functionality, the input of the first switch is connected to the second input of the third element OR . and the output of the first pulse driver, the first output with the second input of the first OR element and the subtraction input of the third counter. 55 pulses, the second output - with the first input of the second switch, the second input of which is connected to the output of the fourth pulse counter, and the output - with the C-inputs of the first and second triggers geors, the third trigger bus switch, the first inputs of the first one are turned on. between the connection point R and the second OR elements and the S input inputs of the first one and the third, fourth and fifth second trigger records, respectively, and the connection point of the pulse counters. 13 R start Fi1g, .2 Fi. J Compiled by A. Sazonov Editor A. Shandor Tehred A. Kravchuk Korrek Podpi 5999/49 Circulation 671 VNIIPI USSR State Committee for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5 Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4 Proofreader M.Maksiminshynets Subscription