SU1293740A1 - Device for simulating product reproduction process in economical systems - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to computing and is intended to investigate the process of the expanded reproduction of a social product. The aim of the invention is to expand the functionality of the device by taking into account the variability and variability of the economic characteristics of the expanded reproduction of the total social product. The device contains a unit for modeling the efficiency of the first subdivision, completed as an adder, a scaling element and a multiplier, a block for modeling production facilities of the second subdivision, made as a first and second adders, a scaling element and a multiplier, eight algebraic scale adders, accumulating adder, four multiplication unit, digital-to-analog converter, first and second multiplying digital-analog converters, integrator, analog-digital converter azovatel, a register, lane eklyuchatel, po-. a cornea, a key, a delay, and an accumulation distribution modeling unit, made in the form of a potentiometer. The new property of the device consists in the ability to correlate the variants of economic development with the parallel-determined power target function of the economy and to achieve optimal economic proportions for the condition of maximum power developed by production assets. 3 il. (L Is9 QD 00; s

Description

The invention relates to analog computing technology and can be used to analyze and correct the characteristics of an economic process, such as political economy efficiency, growth rates, changes in the proportions between divisions.

The purpose of the invention is to expand the functionality by taking into account the variability and variability of the economic characteristics of the expanded reproduction.

Fig, 1 shows a diagram of the proposed device; in fig. 2 - the power characteristics of simple (curve 1) and expanded reproduction, reduced to a unit volume of the product produced; in fig. 3 - implementation of functional converters.

The device contains a source of current for setting the total volume of the total product, algebraic scale adders 2-9, current amplifier 10, first scale resistor 11, second scale zyro-controllable resistor 12, voltage meters 13 and current 14, digital-to-analog converter (D / A) 15 multiplying MDL 16 and 17, block 18 for modeling the share of production assets of the second division, block 19 for modeling the efficiency of the first division, input 20 for specifying the accumulation distribution, output 21 for the current power, output 22 for the product, output 23 of the current ratio between divisions, block 24 modeling of the accumulation distribution, made in the form of a potentiometer, integrator 25, power meter 26, blocks 27-30 multiplication, analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 31, register 32, switch 33, accumulating adder 34 , input 35 sets the initial ratio between divisions, bus 36 clock pulses, threshold element 37, key 38, delay element 39. Block 18 contains (FIG. 3) an adder 40, a scaling element 41, a multiplication unit 42.

The efficiency modeling unit 19 of the first division (Fig. 3) contains the first and second adders 43 and 44, the scaling element 45, the multiplication unit 46, connected according to the above scheme.

The device works as follows.

The economic correlation describing the process of generating the totality of a product, its distribution by divisions and consumption, has the form

,

I.

, (,)

where i

- the current production of the aggregate social product;

, - the ratio between divisions; T - average update time

(reimbursement) of funds; and - the volume of consumption funds. It corresponds to the model-ana log, consisting of a current source and two power resistors connected to it. When modeling the expanded reproduction, the relation (1) should be reproduced taking into account the growth of the production of the product, in contrast to the simple reproduction, at which I const. This growth leads to deformation of the power characteristics and a corresponding change in the region of optimal economic ratios. The power of simple reproduction, reported to production assets, is

P I2R (2)

where is a constant resistor corresponding to consumer funds in the model.

The maximum of this function is reached at K 1. In the following, the reduced power is considered corresponding to 1 R 1.

In case of extended reproduction

P (1 + &)

TO

(1 + kr

(3)

where the product increment, product increment value depends on K and the efficiency values of E, and E, which are also variable. The property of function (3) is such that some decrease in K in the range of values close to unity leads to an increase in the growth rate of the product and therefore the maximum is reached in a certain range of values of K 1, and in each specific case for

a particular economy with a specific combination of economic indicators and ratios, function (3) has individual characteristics that need to be

The proposed device solves this problem, in parallel reproduces the process of expanded reproduction, determines the current values of accumulation, increment, efficiency of the division (as the most critical, indicator of efficiency, limiting the efficiency of the economy as a whole), current and optimal ratio between divisions and: product volume .

In addition to relations (1) and (3), the following general dependences describing exactly or approximately the process of the formation of a combined social product are incorporated into the device.

Accumulation. (Relative). Equal

one

1 + to

- to

. 1 + to

(1-e,). (4) - 25

The current increment of the product obtained on the elementary time interval lT is equal to

t, s,

. .t., b (D, + (-p

S.

uh, 1-3

t

35

where S, S - the share of accumulation entering the first and second

divisions, 5 + 2 Division efficiencies are described in the following terms:

a - hack,.

, 1+ (1 + a) K 2 C- (1 + b) K 0

where a, b - the marginal production capabilities of units. They agree quite well with the experimental data.

Depending on the method of distribution of accumulation between divisions, the ratio between them changes:

50

LC (ICD) (Cl), (7)

Source 1 (it is also permissible to use a voltage source) sets the unit output of the product, and, in addition, is used in devices in calculating economic relations as a machine unit. After summation in the algebraic scale adder 2 with the value of the relative product increment L, the signal is sent to the current amplifier 10, to the output of which resistors 11 and 12 are connected, simulating the production and personal consumption of the product. At the output of multiplication unit 27, the current value of the power developed by the production assets is formed. The ratio of the values of the digitally-controlled scale resistor 12 and the scale resistor 11 is equal to the current ratio between the divisions K. It is given by the code,. incoming from accumulator adder 34. The range of possible variations of K is in accordance with current economic practice 0.1-1.5. .

With the help of a circuit consisting of an algebraic scale adder 5 and a multiplying DAC 16, at the output.

algebraic scale sum1

torus 5 is formed by the function

1 + K

thirty

)

35

0

45

50

, the output of the multiplying DAC 16 is a function -: -. They are used in computation i + k

laziness of accumulation S and increments of l. Block 19 reproduces the efficiency function of the first division (see Formula 6 and FIG. 3). After multiplying it by a signal from the output of the algebraic scale adder 5, the first term of relation (4) is formed at the output of multiplication unit 27.

Block 18 forms the second term of relation (4), and at the output of the algebraic scale adder 4, the accumulation fraction S is formed, which is divided into parts S and Sj, respectively, into the first and second subdivisions using potentiometer 24. At the outputs of the algebraic scale adders 6 and 7, multipliers are formed, through which the accumulation shares S, and S, are recalculated into the product increment in accordance with the expression in brackets of formula (5). After the accumulation parts are summed in the algebraic scale adder 8, taking into account the time scale of the simulation, the accumulation share is fed to the input of integrator 25, the output of which is the current product volume as the sum of successive accumulations. Integration is carried out with the initial

condition corresponding to the original single product.

The arbitrary distribution of accumulation between divisions leads to a change in the ratio between divisions in the process of economic growth. This is taken into account in the device as follows. At the output of the algebraic scale adder 9, a weighted difference of the increments generated in the first and second divisions is generated. After taking into account the time scale and multiplying by the variable weighting factor (I + K-A), as well as the analog-digital conversion, the increment, iK, is fed to the input of the register 32.

The modeling process is cyclical. At the clock times of the pdt from the bus 36, control pulses are received at the read input of the register, at which the next increment of the coefficient K calculated at the previous interval is fed to the input of the accumulating adder 34, changing the ratio between the subdivisions accordingly. The transfer factors of the integrator and the algebraic scale adder 9

&.one

equal -, where LT is an elementary time interval of economic development, equal, for example, to a year, quarter, month. In the first approximation, the value of T (the time of the fund utilization) is equal to the ratio of the accumulated national value to the volume of product produced for a certain period of time. Then the clock pulse through delay element 39 enters register entry 32, and the next increment is 6J (, formed as a result of the next accumulation distribution, from the output of the A / D converters 31 is entered into

register 32.

In accordance with (4), accumulation can be obtained only in a certain range of values K: E,

To with

1-E,

A further increase in K loses its meaning. For this reason, when a negative signal appears at the output of the algebraic scale adder 4, the threshold element 37 switches off the control circuit of the write register 32 using the key 38, and by means of the switch 33 changes,

the reverse increment code that goes to accumulating adder 34. As a result, the previous value K is restored in accumulator 34. In the more general case, threshold element 37 can respond to a predetermined minimum acceptable fraction of accumulation.

Controlling potentiometer 24, one can run the entire possible range of K values and obtain the power characteristic of a particular economy, and if we consider it to be a target function of the economy, then by appropriately distributing the accumulations, the extremum of this function can be reached and conditions determined.

The coefficients a, b, characterizing the marginal production capabilities of units, can be calculated from the initial value of

the ratio of units K and the corresponding initial values of the efficiencies of E, and

taken

2

for example, from the economic

practice:

but

(1 + K)

kitty

(1-e;)

Getting functions 1 1+ (1 + a) K

1-Oe.

14-K

necessary for determining the increment of L is provided by setting the appropriate scale factor on one of the inputs of the adders 6 and 7.

The time scale of the simulation is taken into account by the introduction of the weight multiplier of the inhabitant, equal to -; g-, into the input circuit.

integrator 25 and the output circuit of the adder 9.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A device for simulating product reproduction processes in economic systems, containing a current source for determining the volume of the total product, the first and second large-scale resistors, a voltage meter, a current meter and a power meter whose output is the output of the current power of the device, and two inputs are connected to the outputs respectively measure the voltage and current meter, the voltage meter is connected in parallel to the first scale resistor and the second scale resistor and current meter connected in series, which is different in order to enhance the functionality by taking into account the variability and variability of the economic characteristics of the expanded reproduction, it contains a unit for modeling the efficiency of the first subdivision, implemented as an adder, a scaling element and a multiplier, the inputs of which are connected corresponding to the first input of the adder and through a scaling element to its output, and the output is connected to the second input of the adder, a block of modeling the share of production funds of the second subdivision, executed as the first and second adders, scaling element and multiplier, whose inputs are connected to the first input of the first adder and to the output of the second adder, and the output is connected to the second input of the first adder connected by the output directly and through a scaling element respectively to the first the second and second inputs of the second adder, eight algebraic scale adders, accumulating adder, four multiplication blocks, a diffraction analog converter, the first and second multiplying digital analog converters, an integrator, an analog digital converter, a register, a switch, a threshold element, a key, a delay element and a mode unit - lyoning of the accumulation distribution, made in the form of a potentiometer, the mechanical input of moving the slider of which is the input of the assignment of accumulation distribution, the second The resistor is digitally controlled and connected by a control input to an accumulating adder output, which is the output of the current ratio between the units of the device, the digital-to-analog converter input and the digital inputs of the first and second multiplying digital-analog converters, the output of the current source setting the development of the total product is connected to the first inputs of the first, second and third algebraic adders,; the output of the first of which is Q 5 0 5 connected to the input of a current amplifier connected to the outputs of a voltage meter, the output of a D / A converter is connected to the second input of the second algebraic scale adder and the first inputs of the efficiency block of the first division and the first block of the second share of the production of the second division, output the adder of the simulation unit of the efficiency of the first subdivision is connected to the first input of the fourth algebraic scale summat ra; the output of the scaling element of the modeling unit of the share of production assets of the second division is connected to the first input of the first multiplication unit, the output of which is connected to the second input of the fourth algebraic scale adder connected by output to the potentiometer slider and to the input of the threshold element; the output of the third algebraic scale adder is connected to the first inputs of the fifth and sixth algebraic scale adders and to the second input of the first multiplication unit, as well as through the first multiplying digital-analog converter, to the second inputs of the third, fifth and sixth algebraic scalers, outputs n This and the sixth algebraic scale adders are connected to the first inputs of the second and third multiplication blocks, respectively, the second inputs of which are connected respectively to the first and second external terminals of the potentiometer, the output of the second multiplication unit is connected directly and through the second multiplying digital-analog converter to the first inputs of the seventh and eighth algebraic scale adders, the second inputs of which are connected to the output of the third multiplication unit, the output of the seventh algebraic scale adder is connected to the second input of the first and the third input of the second algebraic scale adders, as well as to the integrator input, the output of which is the output of the product volume to the device, the output of the eighth algebraic scale adder is connected to the first input of the fourth multiplication unit, the second input ( which is connected to the output of the second algebraic scale adder, and the output through the analog-digital converter to the information inputs of the register, the read input of which is connected to the clock pulse bus directly, and the write input via the serially connected key and delay element. the direct and inverse outputs of the register are connected via a switch to the first input of the accumulating adder, the second input of which is connected to the reference bus of the initial relation between the divisions, the output of the threshold element is connected to the control inputs of the switch and the key.  B5 22 1 f (/ gg fpui, 3