SU1261577A1

SU1261577A1 - Grain combine harvester

Info

Publication number: SU1261577A1
Application number: SU843743604A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Владимир Сергеевич Кравченко; Казбек Аюбович Сохт; Владимир Васильевич Куцеев; Александр Иванович Афонин; Виктор Григорьевич Буркицов
Priority date: 1984-05-18
Filing date: 1984-05-18
Publication date: 1986-10-07

Abstract

Изобретение относитс к сельскохоз йственной технике и может быть использовано на уборке производственных и селекционных посевов сельскохоз йственных культур . Изобретение позвол ет расширить технологические возможности зерноуборочных комбайнов при уборке селекционных посевов. Зерноуборочный комбайн, разделенный съемными перегородками но всей длине, предназначен дл уборки разных селекционных дел нок без сортосмешивани . Перегородки выполнены на жатке, в молотилке и в бункере . Молотильный барабан и отбойный битер снабжены желообразными шайбами, а подбарабанье и крышка - ребрами, вход щими в желоба шайб. Перегородка устрой ( ста дл очистки зерна взаимодействует с жесл лобом шайбы битера и ребром подбарабань . Разделительные перегородки выполнены таким образом, что не преп тствуют регулировкам зазоров в молотильном барабане и между решетами устройства дл очистки зерна. 1 з.п. ф-лы, 5 ил. ГчЭ о сд The invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used in the harvesting of industrial and selection crops of agricultural crops. The invention allows to expand the technological capabilities of combine harvesters when harvesting breeding crops. The combine harvester, separated by removable partitions but the entire length, is intended for harvesting different selection cases without sorting. Partitions are made on the header, in the threshing machine and in the bunker. The threshing drum and the bumper are equipped with icy washers, and the concave and the lid are provided with ribs that enter the grooves of the washers. The partition of the device (one hundred for cleaning the grain interacts with the forehead of the beater washer and the rib of the concave. The partitioning walls are designed in such a way that they do not hinder the adjustments of the gaps in the threshing drum and between the sieves of the device for cleaning the grain. 1 Cf f-ly, 5 Il. GcheE about sd

Description

Изобретение относится к сельскохозяйственному машиностроению, в частности к конструкциям зерноуборочных комбайнов, используемых на уборке производственных и селекционных посевов сельскохозяйственных культур.The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the design of combine harvesters used in the harvesting of production and selection crops of agricultural crops.

Целью изобретения является расширение технологических возможностей комбайна за счет использования для уборки селекционных посевов.The aim of the invention is to expand the technological capabilities of the harvester through the use of selective crops for harvesting.

На фиг.1 изображен зерноуборочный комбайн, вариант уборки зерновых колосовых, бобовых культур и трав на семена; на фиг.2 — то же, вариант уборки кукурузы; на фиг.З — молотильное устройство комбайна, разрез; на фиг.4 — отбойный битер, разрез; на фиг.5 — решета зерночистки комбайна, разрез.Figure 1 shows a combine harvester, an option for harvesting cereal crops, legumes and herbs for seeds; figure 2 is the same, the option of harvesting corn; in Fig.Z - threshing device of the combine, section; figure 4 - breaker beater, section; figure 5 - sieve combine harvester, section.

Зерноуборочный комбайн содержит жатку 1, разделенную продольной перегородкой 2, ’ тангенциальное молотильное устройство 3, включающее барабан 4 с шайбой 5, имеющей форму желоба, и подбарабанье 6, отбойный битер 7 с шайбой 5 в форме желоба и крышку 8. Подбарабанье 6 и крышка 8 имеют ребра 9, входящие в желоб шайб 5, причем приемный битер 10 имеет шайбу 11, входящую в желоб шайбы 5 барабана 4. Зерноочистительные рабочие органы 12, включающие клавиши соломотряса 13 и решета 14 зерноочистки, разделены перегородкой 15, входящей в желоб шайбы 5 отбойного битера 7 и связанной с ребром 9 подбарабанья 6. Перегородка 15 в зоне решет 14 зерноочистки выполнена из отдельных элементов для сохранения возможности изменения расстояния между решетами 14 и дном 16 емкости для зерна. Верхний элемент перегородки 15 соединен с верхним решетом 14 зерноочистки с помощью ребра 17, прижатого к перегородке 15 накладкой 18. Между решетами 14 зерноочистки перегородка 15 выполнена в виде треугольного каркаса 19, обращенного вершиной вверх и накрытого сверху накладкой 20 V-образной формы. Между решетами 14 зерноочистки и дном 16 емкости для зерна перегородка 15 выполнена в виде ребра 21 из упругого материала. Высота ребра 21 больше максимального расстояния между нижним решетом 14 зерноочистки и дном 16 емкости для зерна. Из емкости для зерна выгрузка в мешкотару осуществляется с помощью лотков 22. Для уборки кукурузы комбайн снабжается жаткой 1 ликерного типа с измельчителем 23 листостебельной массы, выгрузное отверстие 24 которого направлено на почву, что позволяет формировать валок.The combine harvester contains a header 1, separated by a longitudinal partition 2, a tangential threshing device 3, including a drum 4 with a washer 5 having the shape of a gutter, and a concave 6, a beater 7 with a washer 5 in the form of a gutter, and a cover 8. Concave 6 and cover 8 have ribs 9 included in the groove of the washers 5, and the receiving beater 10 has a washer 11 included in the groove of the washer 5 of the drum 4. Grain-cleaning working bodies 12, including the keys of the straw walker 13 and the sieve 14 of the grain cleaning, are separated by a partition 15 included in the groove of the washer 5 of the jack beater 7 and associated with the rib 9 concave 6. The partition 15 in the area of sieves 14 grain cleaning made of separate elements to maintain the possibility of changing the distance between the sieves 14 and the bottom 16 of the tank for grain. The upper part of the partition 15 is connected to the upper grain cleaning sieve 14 by means of a rib 17 pressed against the partition 15 by the cover 18. Between the sieve 14 of the grain cleaning, the partition 15 is made in the form of a triangular frame 19 facing upward and covered from above by a V-shaped cover 20. Between the sieves 14 grain cleaning and the bottom 16 of the tank for grain, the partition 15 is made in the form of a rib 21 of elastic material. The height of the ribs 21 is greater than the maximum distance between the lower grain cleaning sieve 14 and the bottom 16 of the grain tank. Unloading from the grain tank to bagging is carried out using trays 22. For harvesting corn, the combine is equipped with a liquor-type header 1 with a chopper 23 of leaf-stem mass, the discharge opening 24 of which is directed to the soil, which makes it possible to form a roll.

Зерноуборочный комбайн работает следующим образом.Combine harvester operates as follows.

Комбайн заезжает на опытное поле и, двигаясь по делянкам, убирает урожай.The harvester drives into the experimental field and, moving along the plots, harvests.

Так как жатка 1 разделена перегородкой 2, комбайн убирает урожай одновременно с двух опытных делянок без сортосмешивания. Масса, скошенная жаткой 1, разделенной перегородкой 2, перемещается к молотильному устройству 3, захватывается приемным битером 10 и подается в молотильное устройство 3, где обмолачивается.Since the header 1 is divided by a partition 2, the harvester harvests simultaneously from two experimental plots without sorting. The mass mowed by the header 1, divided by a partition 2, moves to the threshing device 3, is captured by the receiving beater 10 and is fed to the threshing device 3, where it is threshed.

Снабжение барабана 4 и битером 10 и 7 шайбами 5 и 11, а подбарабанья 6 и крышки 8 ребрами 9, входящими в желоба шайб 5 и 11, позволяет разгородить тангенциальное молотильное устройство 3 на секции, убирать урожай как минимум двух делянок без сортосмешивания. При этом сохраняется регулировка зазоров молотильного устройства 3, без которой невозможен качественный обмолот сельскохозяйственных культур.The supply of the drum 4 and the beater 10 and 7 with the washers 5 and 11, and the concave 6 and the cover 8 with the ribs 9 included in the grooves of the washers 5 and 11, allows the tangential threshing device 3 to be partitioned into sections, to harvest at least two plots without sorting. At the same time, the adjustment of the gaps of the threshing device 3 is preserved, without which high-quality threshing of crops is impossible.

Выполнение шайб 5 и 11 в виде желоба не позволяет обмолачиваемой массе затормаживаться от трения о перегородку молотильного устройства 3 и забиваться последнему, а наоборот увеличивает затягивающую способность барабана 4 и отбойного битера 7.The execution of the washers 5 and 11 in the form of a chute does not allow the threshed mass to be braked by friction against the partition of the threshing device 3 and clogged by the latter, but on the contrary increases the addictive ability of the drum 4 and the breaker beater 7.

Солома из молотильного устройства 3 поступает на клавиши соломотряса 13 и далее на почву, а зерно поступает на решета 14 зерноочистки, где счищается от мелких примесей, и далее в емкость 16 для зерна.The straw from the threshing device 3 is fed to the keys of the straw walker 13 and further to the soil, and the grain is fed to the grain cleaning sieve 14, where it is cleaned of small impurities, and then to the grain tank 16.

Вхождение перегородки 15 зерноочистительных рабочих органов в желоб шайбы 5 битера и переход ее в ребро 9 подбарабанья 6 позволяет предотвратить сортосмешивание двух селекционных номеров, одновременно убираемых комбайном, в зоне между молотильным устройством 3 и зерноочистительными рабочими органами.The entry of the partition 15 of the grain-cleaning working bodies into the trough of the washer 5 of the beater and its transition into the rib 9 of the concave 6 helps prevent sorting of two breeding numbers, which are simultaneously harvested by the combine, in the area between the threshing device 3 and the grain-cleaning working bodies.

Выполнение шайб 5 и 11 и ребер 9 съемными облегчает замену бичей молотильного устройства 3 при ремонте или при переходе на обмолот другой культуры, где нужны бичи другой конструкции.The execution of the washers 5 and 11 and the ribs 9 removable facilitates the replacement of the pests of the threshing device 3 during repair or when switching to threshing another culture, where pests of a different design are needed.

Перед заездом комбайна на следующие делянки порции зерна из емкости 16 затариваются в мешки.Before the harvester arrives at the following plots, portions of grain from tank 16 are packed in bags.

В варианте уборки кукурузы листостебельная масса измельчается измельчителем 23 и укладывается в валок жатки 1, а на обмолот поступают початки в оберточных листьях, и далее технологический процесс протекает аналогично описанному.In the option of harvesting corn, the leaf-stem mass is crushed by a grinder 23 and placed in the roll of the header 1, and the ears are fed to the threshing in wrapping leaves, and then the technological process proceeds as described.

Использование изобретения позволит расширить технолгические возможности зерноуборочного комбайна на уборке урожая опытных делянок в селекционном процессе сельскохозяйственных культур. При этом за счет одновременной обработки двух или более делянок возрастает производительность уборки селекционных посевов.Using the invention will expand the technological capabilities of a combine harvester for harvesting experimental plots in the breeding process of crops. Moreover, due to the simultaneous processing of two or more plots, the productivity of harvesting selective crops increases.

Claims

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to agricultural machinery industry, in particular, to designs of combine harvesters used for harvesting industrial and selection crops of agricultural crops. The aim of the invention is to expand the technological capabilities of the combine by using selective crops for harvesting. Figure 1 shows a combine harvester, a variant of harvesting cereal grains, legumes and herbs for seeds; figure 2 - the same, the option of harvesting corn; on fig.Z - threshing device combine, cut; figure 4 - bumper beater, section; figure 5 - sieve combine harvesting, section. Combine harvester contains header 1, divided by longitudinal partition 2, tangential threshing device 3, including drum 4 with washer 5, having the form of a groove, and concave 6, pneumatic beater 7 with a washer 5 in the form of a groove and cover 8. The concave 6 and cover 8 have the fins 9 entering the chutes of the shields 5, the receiving beater 10 having a washer 11 entering the chute of the washer 5 of the drum 4. The grain cleaning tools 12, including the keys of the straw walker 13 and the sieve 14 of the grain cleaning, are separated by a partition 15 entering the chute 5 washer baffle 7 and the concave 6 associated with the rib 9. The partition 15 in the zone of the sieve 14 of the grain cleaning is made of separate elements to preserve the possibility of changing the distance between the sieves 14 and the bottom 16 of the grain tank. The top element of the partition 15 is connected to the top sieve 14 of the grain cleaning with the aid of a rib 17 pressed against the partition 15 with a lining 18. Between the grinders 14 of the cleaning, the partition 15 is made in the form of a triangular frame 19 facing upward and covered with a V-shaped lining 20 on top. Between the sieve 14 of grain cleaning and the bottom 16 of the tank for grain, the partition 15 is made in the form of a rib 21 of elastic material. The height of the fin 21 is greater than the maximum distance between the bottom cleaning sieve 14 and the bottom 16 of the grain tank. From the grain tank, unloading into the sack is carried out with the help of trays 22. For harvesting corn, the combine is supplied with a 1 picer type harvester with a grinder 23 of the stalk mass, the discharge opening 24 of which is directed to the soil, which allows forming a swath. Combine harvester works as follows. The harvester drives into the experimental field and, moving in business, picks up the harvest. Since the reaper 1 is divided by a partition 2, the combine harvests the crop simultaneously from two experimental operations without variety of mixes. The mass mowed by the header 1, divided by the partition 2, is moved to the threshing device 3, captured by the receiving beater 10 and fed to the threshing device 3, where it is threshed. Supplying the drum 4 and the beater 10 and 7 with washers 5 and 11, and the concave 6 and the lid 8 with the ribs 9 entering the grooves of the washers 5 and 11, allows the tangential threshing device 3 to be separated into sections, harvesting at least two divisions without sorting . At the same time, the adjustment of the clearances of the threshing device 3 is maintained, without which a qualitative threshing of agricultural crops is impossible. Making the washers 5 and 11 in the form of a gutter does not allow the threshed mass to be braked from rubbing against the partition of the threshing device 3 and clog up to the latter, but on the contrary increases the pulling capacity of the drum 4 and the breakaway beater 7. The straw from the threshing device 3 is fed to the straw walker 13 and further to the soil, and the grain enters the sieve 14 of the grain cleaning, where it is further cleaned from the ground into a container 16 for impurities, grain. The entry of the partition 15 of the grain cleaning units into the trough of the beater 5 of the beater and its passage into the rib 9 of the concave 6 prevents the sorting of two breeding numbers, simultaneously harvested by the combine, in the zone between the threshing device 3 and the grain cleaning units. Making the washers 5 and 11 and the fins 9 removable facilitates the replacement of the scourges of the threshing device 3 when repairing or when switching to another threshing culture where bats of a different design are needed. Before driving the combine to the next portions of the grain from the tank 16, they are packed in bags. In the maize harvesting variant, the leafy mass is crushed by the chopper 23 and placed in the swath of the header 1, and the threshing of the cob leaves are wrapped in wrapping leaves, and then the process proceeds as described. The use of the invention will allow to expand the technological capabilities of the combine harvester at harvesting experienced delicacies in the selection process of agricultural crops. At the same time, due to the simultaneous processing of two or more cases, the productivity of harvesting of crop crops increases. Claims 1. A combine harvester comprising a header, a tangential type threshing device including a drum, a concave, an end beater and a lid, a grain cleaning device and a grain container divided by a longitudinal partition, characterized in that, in order to expand technological capabilities by using for cleaning the planting, the threshing drum and the fender beater are equipped with washers in the form of a gutter, and the concave and the lid are provided with ribs that enter the channels of the washers; order for grain cleaning device included in the gutter washer beater and associated with concave edge.

2. A combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the washers and fins are removable.