SU1207414A1 - Machine for planting seedlings with closed root system - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to forestry, in particular, to a technique that ensures the creation of microvolutions and planting seedlings of forest crops in them in conditions of undisturbed cuttings using basic technical means with manipulators.

The aim of the invention is to increase the productivity by reducing {} the charge per cartridge and reducing the damageability of the root-covering briquettes in the process of feeding them.

Figure 1 shows a machine for planting seedlings, a general view; Fig 2 - cassette landing apparatus; on fig.Z - pressure load with a slide and stop; Fig. 4 is a pusher drive with a bell of a guide device for seedlings; on fig.Z - the device providing the directed movement of the block of cartridges; Fig. 6 is a diagram of sequential movement of the cassettes and feeding of seedlings.

The plant for planting seedlings contains a frame 1, a soil preparing working body in the form of a milling cutter 2, fitted with a leather case 3, a soil chamber 4 and a cassette landing machine 5. The milling cutter 2 is driven in the form of a gear 6 and a gearbox 7 and 8, ensuring its rotation. On the frame 1, a fork 9 is pivotally mounted, on the ends of which the shaft 10 of the milling cutter 2 and coaxially the last casing 3 is fitted, equipped with two stops, adjustable 11 and constant 12. The casing 3 in its lower part contains a base 13, which in the cross section of the casing lying at the base, it has a window 14 for collecting and discarding soil.

The soil chamber has the shape and dimensions of the microblocks created and contains a base 15, which in its plane along the entire lower section of the soil chamber lying on this base has a window 16 facing the direction of rotation of the milling cutter 2. The casing 3 and the soil chamber 4 are connected between the back and forth are in the plane of the bases and are adjacent, while the base 15 with the window 16 lies in the same plane with the base 13 and the window 14 for ejecting soil from the casing. The soil chamber 4, connected to the casing 3, is rotatably mounted with it by means of a lever 17 and a rod 18 around the geometrical axis of rotation of the cutter from the stop 11, which provides the initial inclined position of the casing, to the stop 12, which provides full

depth of cutter.

The cassette planting device 5 contains a parallelepiped-shaped block 19 of cassettes with seedlings, a drift, a discharge port 20 and a guide for seedlings, the lower part of which is in the form of a pipe 21 placed inside the tank of the soil chamber 4 and attached to its flow. Pipe 21 has at the top

the parts located inside the chamber 4, the notches 22 located along the pipe, directly from the ceiling of the chamber towards its base. Between the cuts 22, a cross is made: chka 23 facing its outer surface towards the milling cutter 2.

Upper, external to the ceiling of chamber 4, part of the guide device is designed as a socket.

Block 19 is located above the soil chamber 4 and consists of vertical single-sided adjacent cassettes 24 and open from below. In each cassette 24 of the block, briquetted seedlings 25 are laid horizontally on top of each other, parallel to its base. Each cassette has two side walls 26 and 27 , Which are simultaneously part of the side walls of the block, while the distance between the side walls of the cassettes inside the block is equal to the height of the briquette, and between adjacent inner walls is equal to its width ..

On one side of the block in each of the walls 26, slots 28 for the seedlings are made along the vertical axes of their symmetry, and slots 29 are made on the other side of the block in each of the walls 27, also along the vertical axes of their symmetries. Each of the slots 29 is mounted with the possibility of free movement along it a slider 30, containing inside the cassette fixed by means of a washer 31 and a pin 32, a clamping weight 33, made, for example, in the form of a corner. With external

side of the cassette on the slider 30 rigidly mounted stop 34, having a working surface 35, directed to the rear wall of the block and parallel to it.

 one

Moreover, the width of this abutment from the vertical axis of symmetry of the cassette to its working surface 35 is equal to half the overall width in the side wall of the cassette (ie, if the unit consists of four cassettes, then the specified size of the abutment will be equal to 1/8 of the overall length of the side wall block). A pusher 37 is placed between block 19 and the soil chamber 4 on the base 36 and having a protrusion 38 on the surface of the sliders 30 mounted on the side mounted in the cassettes. The pusher 37 is made in the form of a parallelepiped, the cross section of which is equal to the longitudinal section of the briquette and the length is longer block length to the width of one cassette. The pusher 37 is mounted on the base 36 with the possibility of reciprocating movement in the guides 39 and 40 to the cutoff 41 of the socket. At the same time, the socket is gradually asymmetrically expanding upwards, towards the open part of the seedlings, due to the inclined wall 42 so that the upper rounded end of this wall and the cutout 41 of the socket lie at the level of the base 36, and the other two walls 43 and 44 - at the level of the plane of the lower base of the block 19. In cross section; The bell in its upper part has a shape similar to the shape of a longitudinal section of a briquette, and the width is greater than the width of a briquette. In this case, the wall of the block 19, on which the sliders 30 are mounted, lies in the same plane with the plane of the socket wall 43, and the distance from between the wall 43 and the end face of the wall 42 is less than the length of the briquette.

A drive that implements reciprocating movement of the pusher 37 includes a cable 45, one end of which is connected to a fork 9, and the other end to a lever 46 mounted on the soil chamber 4 and pivotally connected to the pusher 37, as well as a spring 47 connected one end with lever 46, and the other with soil chamber 4, Working stroke with reciprocating movement; 37 in the guides 39 and 40 is set by means of a limiting groove 48 and equal to the width of the cassette, with the end position

The first pusher corresponds to the trimming 41 of the pasture pipe guide for seedlings.

144

Block 19 relative to the base

36 is installed in the direction of 1x 49 and 50 with the possibility of a fixed periodic movement in the direction to the edge 41 of the socket. This movement is provided by brackets 51, each of which is rigidly connected at one end to the side wall of the block from the side of the sliders.

and the other end is connected by means of a sleeve 52, having clamps 53, to guide 49, and is also provided with a bracket 54 mounted in direction 50. The fixed positions of block 19 during movement provide grooves 55 in guide 49.

To reduce the area of contact of the continuously moving pusher 37 with the briquettes below and reduce damage during their supply between the pusher 37 and the base of the block, a plate 56 mounted fixed to the pusher fixed to j, for example, rigidly on the guides 39; and 40 pusher. The gap between the plate 56 and the pusher 37 should ensure the free running of the latter;

The machine for planting seedlings works as follows.

After turning on the drive, torque is transmitted through gear 6 and gearboxes 7 and 8 to a milling cutter 2, which, immersed in the soil, cuts it off and throws through window 16 directly into the soil chamber. At the same time, by means of the pull rod 18, the fork 9, turning around the axis 57, brings the bases 13 and 15 closer to the soil surface. The rotation of the fork 9, and consequently, the deepening of the cutter 2 is possible as a result of the rotation of the casing and the soil chamber interconnected around the geometric axis of rotation of the cutter,

The ground-milled soil entering the soil chamber, the pad, gradually layered on the untreated surface of the earth, and in the initial period of milling the soil has a flat path of flight and does not fall into the notches 22 of the pipe 21, As the cutter sinks into the soil, the path of the milled soil becomes cooler and last begins to fly into the cut-outs of the pipe. This is preceded by

feeding the briquette into the pipe of the guide device, which takes place at the moment when a layer of freshly milled soil has already formed in the soil chamber under the pipe which corresponds to filling the soil chamber to the level of the lower base of the pipe. The sealing of a briquette that has fallen into the pipe is done by filling it with soil entering through the notches 22,

The briquette with a seedling at the specified moment is supplied by moving the pusher, which is coordinated with the rotation of the soil chamber 4 together with the knife 3 around the axis of the milling cutter 2. When the fork 9 is rotated, the distance between the attachment points of the cable 45 on the fork and the mount is reduced. 47 on the soil chamber 4, as a result of which the spring is compressed with a lever. 46 moves the pusher 37 in the guides 39 and 40, which moves to the cutout 41 of the socket, pushing into the last seedling 25. The stroke of the pusher 37 is determined by the length of the restrictive groove 48 and is equal to d - the width of the cassette. Moving the pusher 5 under the cassette base, overturn it ((position T), thereby fixing the remaining vertical row of briquetted seedlings in the cassette. The briquetted sapling 25, moved by the pusher 37 along the base 36, until cutoff 41 retains its horizontal position. further movement

the seedling passes over the edge 41 and slides over the rounded upper end of the inclined wall 42 of the socket. Since the distance from between the wall 43 and the end of the wall 42 is less than the length of the briquette, the latter, with its upper part, moves along this end until the entire briquette passes over the cutout 41. After the pusher 37 takes its final position in the limiting groove 485, the briquetted sapling at this moment will appear above the bell in an unstable horizontal position, supported by the upper part of the briquette on the end of the inclined wall 42. Due to the fact that relative to this end, as the swing axis, the mass of the briquetted sapling but not evenly distributed, but concentrated in

the main body of the briquette, the latter tilts into the socket around the end of the wall 42 (i.e., the briquetted seedling takes place from a horizontal position to a vertical one); and dropping it into the pipe guide.

Thus, when the fork 9 is rotated around the axis 57, the soil chamber 4 also rotates with the housing 3 connected to it around the geometrical axis of the cutter. By the time the fork is rotated to its vertical length, 5 the formation of micropowders is completed due to filling the volume of the soil chamber with milled soil, and also the embedding of the briquette is over, due to filling

0 soil gaps and voids in the pipe. The end of the process is indicated by the second stop 12, which came into contact with the plug. After that the mill with a soil chamber is raised above the soil.

5 Lifting into the mill with the soil chamber over the formed microbloom with the seedling already embedded in it, move it and set it over the place of formation of the next microbore. At the same time, the artificial leather comes out of contact with the stop 12 and descends together with the soil chamber, turning around the geometrical axis of rotation of the cutter until it encounters the stop 11.

, Turning the soil chamber increases the distance between the attachment points of the cable 45 on the plug and the attachment of the spring 47 on the soil chamber, as a result of which the cable 45 tenses, overcoming the resistance of the squad 47, and with the help of the lever 46. moves the pusher 37 from the end position from the trimmer 41 to its original position to a distance c / equal to the width of the cassette. Moreover, the pusher, moving under the base of the cassette, opens it, as a result of which the vertical row of briquetted seedlings in the cassette is lowered onto the base 36 under the action of its own weight and pressure load 33. Simultaneously with the pressure load, the slider 30 is lowered into the slot 29. a stop 34 is firmly fixed. After this, the cycle of ejecting the briquetted seedling and planting it in a simultaneously formed micro-increase is repeated until from the cassette to the base 7

36 the last briquette with a sapling does not fall (position D.

At the same time, simultaneously with the last briquette, pushing it out of the cassette, the presser weight 33 is lowered with the slider 30 and the stop 34. Taking the lowest position in the slot 29, the slider stops in it, and the stop 34 engages the protrusion 38 of the pusher 37 by means of The working surface 35, located on the support at a distance a from the vertical axis of symmetry of the cassette, is equal to half the overall width in the side wall of the cassette. Moreover, the working surface 35 of the abutment with respect to the protrusion 38 of the pusher occupies a middle position in height, and the lower surface of the pressure load 33 is located above the last briquette 25 with a gap that provides free passage under the briquette and pusher load.

From the beginning of the formation of the following

The throttling of the microdischarging spring 47 again, using the lever 46, moves in the guides 39 and 40, the pusher 37 to the flange 41 of the socket. In this case, the pusher, moving in front of itself the last briquette 25, simultaneously with the help of a protrusion 38, which interacts with the working surface 35 of the abutment 34, moves

50

five

about

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the block 19, which slides its lower base along the plate 56, and, in addition, by means of the brackets 51 and 54 moves along the guides 49 and 50, and the latches 53 of the bushings 52 come out of engagement with the initial grooves 55 in the rail 49.

Micro-rising and embedding seedlings in them can be done in two ways.

The first method is characterized by the fact that the formation of a microgrowth and the planting of a seedling in it is carried out by turning the fork 9 around the axis 57, which is at a constant height from the soil surface.

When operating in the second way, the fork 9 is fixed stationary relative to the axis 57, and the stop And on the leather 3 is installed so that it provides the initial position of the machine, in which the edge of the soil chamber and the cutter touches the soil and the full depth of the cutter is effected by lowering it down verticals

The feeding of cassettes with seedlings to the guiding device and the briquettes themselves to the landing site is carried out in the same way with any of the indicated methods of forming micro-elevations.

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Compiled by Yu.Smirnov Editor N.Gorvat Tehred T.Dubinchak Proofreader A.Zimokosov

Order 61/1 Circulation 679 Subscription of the State Committee of the USSR

for inventions and discoveries in 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5

Branch PPP Patent, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4

Claims (2)

1. A MACHINE for planting seedlings with a closed ROOT SYSTEM, comprising a cassette planting unit mounted on the base, having an unloading window and a guide for feeding seedlings to the seat, and also a drive ejector mounted on the side above the conveyor for periodic entry into the unloading window, which distinguishes that, in order to increase —n productivity by reducing the time for charging cassettes, the cassette planting apparatus is made in the form of a block of vertical single-row cassettes, in each of which vertical slots are made on the side walls for placement of seedlings trunks in one of them, and a slider is mounted in the other, which is connected to the clamping load located inside the cassette and with an emphasis installed on the outside, while the ejector is located under the cassette block and has a protrusion on the side of the cassettes periodic interaction with the emphasis of each cartridge. 2. The machine according to π.1, characterized in that, in order to reduce the damage to the root-closing briquettes during their feeding, a plate fixed relative to the ejector is mounted between the ejector and the cartridge block. SU „„ 1207414.