SU1126220A1 - Combined machine for tilling soil with mincing plant residues and mulching soil with them - Google Patents

Abstract

1. COMBINED MACHINE FOR SOIL TREATMENT WITH CUTTING OF PLANT RESIDUES AND CALVING THE SOIL WITH THEIR SOIL, including a frame with successively installed on it knives, horizontally undercutting paws, a rotary comb, a working body, a shredder, and 4-in-dividing zones, as well as 10 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 1 4 3 4 4 4 9 9 8 10 18 18 18 18 15 18 15 15:00 that, in order to increase the quality of loosening and mulching of the entire treated soil surface, the width of the grab of the conveyor, cylindrical rollers and shredder is equal to not gripping the rotary combing body, while the teeth of the rotary working body are fixed on the shaft in a spiral multiple spiral, the free end of each tooth is bent from its front working edge in the direction of rotation by an angle of 15-20 ° C, and the front working edge of each tooth made rounded. 2. The machine according to claim 1, wherein the horizontally undercutting soil is double-sided with a plowshare solution angle of 90-100 ° C. and a puppy angle of 20-35 °, with the paws mounted on the frame in two rows in a checkerboard pattern. 3. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the conveyor is roller-finger. TO)

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, to tillage for sowing winter crops and single-grain crops in a single pass after rough and other plants, such as maize, shredding plant residues and mulching the soil surface with them to protect it from erosion.

There are known devices for loosening the soil and grinding the crop residues.

The farm plant, including circular knives, flat-cut paws, a rotary working body and a roller 1.

However, this device is characterized by inadequate soil quality and uneven loosening of its depth.

Closest to the offer is a combined tillage machine with chopping plant residues and mulching the soil, including a frame with successively installed disk knives, horizontally undercutting paws, a rotary combing body, a shield-reflector, a conveyor, cylindrical rollers and a chopper 2

A disadvantage of the known machine is the impossibility of mulching the crushed plant residues of the entire treated soil surface.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of loosening and mulching of the entire treated soil surface.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in a machine that includes a frame with sequentially mounted disk knives, horizontally undercutting paws, a rotary combing tool, a reflector shield, a conveyor belt, cylindrical rollers and a grinder, the width of the conveyor grab, cylindrical rollers and a grinder are equal to the width rotary combing the working body, while the teeth of the rotary working body mounted on the shaft on a spiral multiple spiral, and the free end of each tooth is bent about t its front working edge in the direction of rotation at an angle of 15-20 °, and the front working edge of each tooth is rounded.

In addition, horizontally undercut paws are double-sided with a plowshare angle of 90-100 ° and crushing angle of 20-35 °, with the paws mounted on the frame in two rows in a checkerboard pattern.

The conveyor is roller-and-finger.

FIG. shows the proposed machine, side view; in fig. 2 - the same, top view; in fig. 3 - tooth rotary working body.

The machine contains a frame 1 with support wheels 2, on which disk knives 3 are installed for cutting the long stems of crop residues of plants, thus preventing them from accumulating on the stands of horizontally cutting paws 4 installed behind rear disk knives 3. Paws 4 are double-sided, wide-grip and serve coarse continuous loosening of the soil to a depth of seed embedding, complete pruning, and some elevation of the root debris of coarse-grained plants, such as maize. The paws 4 are made with a plowshare angle of 90-100 ° and a crumb angle of 20-35 °.

For continuous cutting of the soil layer and plant stubble and root residues, as well as preventing seizure of plant debris and various foreign objects in the soil, the legs are arranged in two rows in a checkerboard pattern. At angles less than 90 °, the cut soil layer is poorly destroyed, which leads to an increase in energy consumption for crushing it with a rotary ripper; at angles greater than 100 °, the paw blades accumulate (hang, do not cut, or do not shift) plant residues, resulting in deterioration of the stability of the paw movement in depth. The crushing angle of the paws (the angle between the upper surface of the plowshare and the bottom of the furrow), at which the minimum size of the blocks is 20-35 °. As the angle increases (more than 35 °), the resistance of the soil increases dramatically. With a decrease in the crumb angle of less than 20 °, the cut soil layer is poorly destroyed.

To ensure continuous (without flaws) cutting of the soil layer and plant residues (roots), as well as good cross between the paws of the 4 plant residues located on the soil surface, the feet 4 are arranged in two rows in a checkerboard pattern. Behind legs 4 to frame 1 on two bearings, a rotary combing unit 5 is fixed to crush lumps of soil loosened by paws 4, comb out and direct throwing of the combed plant residues onto the reflector shield 6 and conveyor 7. The rotor-8 tooth 8 is incorrect. quadrilateral prism. The free end of each tooth 8 is bent at an angle of 15-20 ° from the front working edge in the direction of rotation of the rotary working body 5, which coincides with the movement of the machine, and the front working edge of each tooth 8 is rounded. On the shaft 9 of the rotary working body 5, the teeth 8 are fastened along a spiral multiple winding helix of plant residues. At the corners of the limb tooth 8

less than 15 ° crop residues do not reach the reflector shield 6 and do not hit it. Consequently, the soil adhering to the roots of the plants remains inseparable from the latter. In addition, these crop residues remain unground on the surface of the treated floor. As the angle of the bend increases by more than 20 °, plant residues are thrown over the deflector b and conveyor 7, as a result of which they also appear on the surface of the treated floor unground.

The rounded shape of the front working edge of the tooth 8 makes it possible to more efficiently and with less cost of energy to crush the soil, to prevent sticking of the soil on the working surface of the tooth 8 and to provide a better cleaning of the teeth 8 from plant residues. Due to these loads, the energy intensity of the scrubber is increased.

For better crumbling of lumps and a more uniform load on the work of the rotor body 5, the teeth 8 on the shaft 9 are arranged in a spiral multiple spiral. The rotary tool 5 is connected to a chain-driven drive 10. The conveyor 7 consists of a set of hollow finger rollers and serves to intensively and completely separate the land from plant residues and level the soil surface with the front roller after loosening it with a rotary tool 5. The rollers of the conveyor 7 rest on the liners mounted on frame 1 and interconnected with the drive and chain drive 11.

The conveyor 7 is positioned so that its front roller is 1000-1200 mm from the ripper shaft. In this period of flight, plant residues thrown by the rotary tool 5 onto the conveyor 7, the main bulk of the earth separates from them. Above the conveyor 7, there is a shield-reflector 6 for cleaning the rhizomes from the ground, thrown by the rotor unit 5. The inclined part of the shield 6 is connected to the posts (not shown) fixed to the frame 1 motionless. The vertical part of the shield b is pivotally attached to the posts and can move with

the purpose of adjusting the plant between the rotary tool 5 and the reflector board b.

At the end of the conveyor 7, cylindrical rollers 12 are installed to supply plant residues to the grinder 13 to crush earth lumps untapped between the rollers of the conveyor 7. The grinder 13 consists of two parts: hammer-type grinding drum 14 and shearing plates 15. The base of the counter-plates is mounted on shock absorbers 16 to prevent major breakdowns when metal items come into contact with plant residues. The width of the conveyor 7, the cylindrical rollers 12 and the grinder 13 is equal to the width of the gripper of the rotary combing body 5, thereby providing mulching with the crushed plant residues of the entire waste surface of the soil.

The device works as follows.

When the machine moves, the paws 4 produce a continuous loosening of the soil to the depth of seeding of seeds and prune the rhizome of plants. The rotary tool 5 sweeps out the plant residues and throws them onto the rollers of the conveyor 7 and the reflector shield 6, when it strikes plant residues with ground separating from them and falls onto the rollers of the conveyor 7. The earth spills between the rollers and the plant residues with rollers and cylindrical rollers 12 are fed to the grinding apparatus 13, which crushes them and spreads evenly across the entire surface of the treated floor with a width equal to the working width of the machine. In addition, the cylindrical rollers 12 crush a clod of soil that has not penetrated between the rollers of the conveyor 7, and the front roller of the conveyor 7 levels the surface of the soil after crushing it with a rotary tool 5.

The use of the invention improves the quality of processing and mulching of the soil with shredded plant residues, thus reducing soil erosion.

Claims (3)

1. A COMBINED MACHINE FOR TREATING SOIL WITH GRINDING VEGETABLE RESIDUES AND MULCHING THE SOIL THEREOF, including a frame with circular knives sequentially mounted on it, horizontally trimming the soil with paws, a rotary combing working element, a reflector shield, a conveyor belt, a conveyor belt, a conveyor that, in order to improve the quality of loosening and mulching the entire treated soil surface, the width of the conveyor, cylindrical rollers and grinder is equal to the width of the ata rotary comb working body, wherein the tines of the rotary working member secured to the shaft along a helical multi-start helix, wherein the free end of each tooth is bent from its front working edge in a rotational direction by an angle of 15-20 °, and the front working edge of each tooth is rounded. 2. Machine by π. 1, characterized in that the paws horizontally cutting the soil are double-sided with a ploughshare angle of 90-100 ° and a crushing angle of 20-35 °, while the paws are staggered on the frame. 3. Machine by π. 1, characterized in that the conveyor is made roller-palmate. SU „„ 1126220 FIG. 1