RU2760574C1 - Method for maintenance of meadows and pastures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural engineering and can be used in methods for maintenance of meadows and pastures and in crushing apparatuses of agricultural machines. In the method, old grass is crushed, and in the springtime, last year's grass is collected in meadows and pastures by creating a turbulent air flow by flat disks installed with an inclination on the rotating shaft of the crusher. The grass is crushed by beater elements made of a steel cable. In the process of crushing the old grass, grass seeds are sown in and mineral nitrogenous fertilisers are introduced, followed by distributing the crushed grass over the surface of meadows and pastures.

EFFECT: method provides an improvement in the method for maintenance of meadows and pastures, ensuring cleaning of meadows and pastures from old grass in the springtime.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering and can be used in the care of meadows and pastures.

A known method of caring for meadows and pastures, which consists in mowing small shrubs, weeds, which are not used in the preparation of hay for animals when mowing natural grasses. In addition, not only meadows, but also cultivated pastures are overgrown with small shrubs and plants that are not used for animal feed, for example, wormwood, burdock. When wormwood gets into feed used to feed cows, milk acquires an unpleasant bitter taste.

When caring for meadows and cultivated pastures, a rotary mower KRN-2.1 is used, which successfully mows weeds that are not used in forage, as well as small shrubs. Rotary mower KRN-2.1 is designed for mowing high-yielding grasses, small shrubs and weeds with laying the mowed mass in a swath. It consists of a frame, a subframe, a rotary cutter, a balancing mechanism, hydraulic equipment and a drive mechanism. [Khalansky V.M., Gorbachev I.V. Agreecultural machines. Agreecultural equipment. - M .: KolosS, 2004. - S. 256-257].

Even small bushes can be mowed with the KRN-2.1 mower, but it is not possible to remove the old grass in spring.

There is a known method of caring for meadows and pastures, which consists in the fact that in the spring the old grass is burned. This method is criminal, but unfortunately used by some irresponsible farmers.

The known method of caring for meadows and pastures has disadvantages. When mowing shrubs, as well as weeds that are not used for animal feed, mowed grasses and small shrubs remain in meadows and pastures. In addition, in recent years, natural grasses for hay production have not been used in large areas of meadows. Small shrubs, as well as unmown natural grasses, are covered with snow in winter, and in spring, under the influence of rainwater, they are pressed against the soil. In the spring, mainly due to the careless attitude of people when making fires in meadows and pastures, last year's herbs are lit up. Not only grasses in meadows and pastures burn out, but also forests, houses and buildings in settlements are on fire, animals and even people die.

There is a known method for the care of arable soils, which consists in the fact that when harvesting grain crops, the non-grain part (straw) is crushed and scattered over the field, and then embedded in the soil.

For crushing the non-grain part, a KIR-1.5 mower-grinder is known, containing a frame with a housing located on it, inside which a rotor with hinged hammers is installed on two supports, counter hammers rigidly attached to the housing and installed in front of the rotor, an expanding deflector with curved guide plates, installed above the rotor, a mechanism for driving the working bodies, pneumatic wheel travel and a frame [see. Mower KIR-1,5 / V.G. Mokhnatkin, N.F. Baranov, V.N. Shulyat'ev, A.N. Rylov, M.S. Poyarkov // Rural mechanic. - 1999. - No. 5. - S. 9].

The known mower-shredder has disadvantages.

The mower-shredder KIR-1.5 has low operational reliability due to the uneven supply of straw mass to the chopping working bodies and, as a result, the uneven distribution of straw cutting, both along the length and on the surface of the field.

The task of the invention is to improve the way of caring for meadows and pastures.

The technical solution lies in the fact that the improvement of the method of caring for meadows and pastures, which ensures the cleaning of meadows and pastures from old grass in spring, is carried out by creating an air flow, which lifts the grass and grinds it with a device, followed by over-sowing grass seeds and applying mineral fertilizers.

The technical solution is achieved by the fact that the method of caring for meadows and pastures, in which the old grass is chopped up, and in the spring time, last year's grass is lifted in meadows and pastures by creating a turbulent air flow with obliquely installed flat discs on the rotating shaft of the chopper, the grass is chopped with beater elements, made of a steel cable, during the crushing of old grass, grass seeds are sown and mineral nitrogen fertilizers are applied, and then the crushed grass is spread over the surface of meadows and pastures.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed method of caring for meadows and pastures meets the criterion of "novelty", since it differs from the prototype:

1. In spring, last year's grass is raised in meadows and pastures by creating a turbulent air flow.

2. The creation of a turbulent air flow is carried out by inclined flat discs on the rotating shaft of the grinder.

3. In meadows and pastures, last year's raised grass is crushed with hammer elements made of steel cable.

4. During the crushing of the old grass, grass seeds are sown and mineral nitrogen fertilizers are applied.

5. Shredded grass is spread over the surface of meadows and pastures.

Often, old grass in meadows and pastures is burned. This way of caring for meadows and pastures is the most barbaric.

Last year's old grass, which adhered to the soil under the influence of snow in the winter and rains in the spring, dried out easily ignites when hunters, fishermen and farmers burn garbage and make fires. The fire of the combustible grass quickly spreads and the forest, houses and buildings of settlements are on fire, animals die, and in some cases people die. Last year's old grass is not used for animal feed.

It is not possible to collect and use old grass for animal feed, since animals refuse such feed.

Therefore, it is proposed to dispose of the old grass when caring for meadows and pastures.

Improving the way of caring for meadows and pastures is ensured by utilizing old grass by lifting from the soil, chopping and spreading in an even layer over the surface of meadows and pastures.

When the snow melts, as well as in the rains, old grass sticks to the soil. Therefore, the old grass must be disposed of. For disposal, old grass adhering to the soil is lifted up by creating a turbulent air stream.

The creation of a turbulent air flow is carried out by inclined flat discs mounted on the rotating shaft of the grinder.

In meadows and pastures, the created turbulent air current lifts old grass from the soil. The grass lifted last year is crushed with hammer elements made of steel cable and fixed between inclined flat discs, which are fixed on the rotating shaft of the grinder.

To improve the way of caring for meadows and pastures by clearing old grass adhering to the soil, during grinding of the old grass raised from the soil, grass seeds are sown and mineral nitrogen fertilizers are applied, and the crushed grass is spread over the surface of meadows and pastures.

The device for the care of meadows and pastures is aggregated with the tractor 1, has a frame 2, which rests on the support wheels 3 and is connected with a shoe 4 to the tractor 1. A chopping drum 5 is mounted on the frame 2, above which there is a hopper 6 for grass seeds and mineral fertilizers, a distributing deflector 7 with a baffle plate 8. The bunker 6 contains in the lower part the seeding devices 9 with a slide valve 10. The metering devices 9 are located opposite the window 11 located in the upper wall 12 of the distributing deflector 7, the baffle plate 8 of which is equipped with adjustable guide vanes 13. Grinding drum 5 and sowing devices 9 are driven through a cardan shaft 14 from the power take-off shaft of the tractor 1.

The care of meadows and pastures is carried out in the following way.

When the device is operated from the power take-off shaft of the tractor 1 by the cardan shaft 14, the chopping drum 5 with installed working bodies is driven into rotation. (The working bodies of the grinding drum 5 are not shown in the drawing material). When the grinding drum 5 rotates, the working bodies in the form of obliquely installed flat discs fixed on the rotating shaft 15 of the grinding drum 5 provide the creation of a turbulent air flow, under the influence of which the old dried grass, adhering to the soil in meadows and pastures, rises, is crushed by beating elements made of steel cable.

At the same time, seeds of herbs and mineral nitrogen fertilizers are fed into the deflector 7 through the window 11 from the bunker 6 by the seeding devices 9. From the deflector 7, a mixture of crushed old grass, grass seeds and mineral fertilizers, passing through a baffle 8 with adjustable guide vanes 13, is distributed over the soil surface of meadows and pastures.

The shredded old grass is separated by a cutter 16 and spread over the soil surface of meadows and pastures.

The rate of application of mineral fertilizers and grass seeds is adjusted by means of a valve 10 by changing the flow section of the feeding window of the seeding devices 9. The width and uniformity of the distribution of crushed grass with mineral fertilizers and grass seeds over the surface of the field is regulated by setting the guide vanes 13 to the appropriate position on the reflector plate 8.

The use of the proposed invention makes it possible to improve the method of caring for meadows and pastures by creating a turbulent air flow, which rises from the soil old dry grass, chopping grass, sowing grass seeds, applying mineral nitrogen fertilizers and distributing the chopped grass over the surface of meadows and pastures.

Claims (1)

A method of caring for meadows and pastures, in which old grass is chopped up, and in the spring time, last year's grass is raised in meadows and pastures by creating a turbulent air flow, obliquely installed flat discs on the rotating shaft of the chopper, chopping the grass with chipping elements made of steel cable, during the milling of old grass, grass seeds are sown and mineral nitrogen fertilizers are applied, and then the shredded grass is spread over the surface of meadows and pastures.

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