SU1113021A1 - Method of application of mineral fertilizers under potato - Google Patents

Abstract

METHOD OF INTRODUCING MINERAL FERTILIZERS FOR POTATOES, including cutting crests, local fertilization, planting them and subsequent planting of potatoes, characterized in that, in order to increase the yield of potatoes by increasing the efficiency of using mineral fertilizers by accelerating the contact of the root system with fertilizers in the initial period growth and development of plants and providing them with nutritional elements during the whole growing season, fertilizers are applied to the ridges throughout their volume, starting from the depth to adki potato, of increasing the depth and width of ridge concentration. (I am 00 about HS

Description

The invention of yrnutmtn to agricultural production, in particular, to methods of local fertilization for potatoes when cutting crests.

There is a known method of applying mineral fertilizers to potatoes, which includes fertilizing sideways at a distance of 10-15 cm from seed 1.

The disadvantage of this method is the poor contact of the root system with the applied fertilizers, the low flow of nutrients into the plant and

consequence, low crop yield.

Closest to the proposed method of applying mineral fertilizers for potatoes, including cutting ridges, local fertilization, planting them and the subsequent planting of potatoes, and fertilizer implementation is anchored in the form of a narrow line to a depth of 16-20 cm from the top of the ridge 2.

The disadvantage of this method is that the root system of a plant is located throughout the ridge volume, copy its profile, and the fertilizers are placed in a narrow stitch in its center and are not used in the initial period of root development. In addition, in later periods of development, the root system uses short-term nutrients, since only a small part of the roots come in contact, and the main part goes around them and is located in parts of the ridge lacking in fertilizer. Poor development of the root system in the fertilizer area reduces the drought resistance of potato plants.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield of potatoes on the basis of an increase in the efficiency of use of mineral fertilizers by accelerating the contact of the root system with fertilizers in the initial period of growth and development of plants and providing them with nutritional elements during the whole vegetation period.

This goal is achieved in that according to the method of fertilizing potatoes, fertilizers are introduced into the ridges throughout the entire volume, starting with the planting depth of the potatoes, with increasing concentration and depth of the ridge.

Before planting potatoes, mineral fertilizers are applied, starting from the depth of the future planting, while they are placed in the cross section in the form of a trapezium to increase the efficiency of use and more actively spread the root system in the ridges. The lower base of the trapezium is made equal to the width between the spaces, minus the width of the soil loosening zone between the rows during post-sowing treatments, i.e. the side walls with a trapezoidal arrangement of fertilizers should not be closer than 10-15 mm to the day surface of the lateral sides of the trapezoid, so as not to damage the root system of plants by working bodies. The upper base of the trapezoid in which the coulter of the planter makes a recess during planting should be equal to the average club diameter n (6-10 cm), while saving much of the fertilizer and plant root system contact but the entire depth and width of the ridge:

FIG. Figure 1 shows the fertilizer application for cutting ridges; in fig. 2 - placement of fertilizers in the ridge.

FIG. 1 and 2, the following designations are accepted: 1 — the cultivator's top paw, 2 — the cultivator's paw, 3 and 4 — the tukovoprovoda, 5 — the soil shaft formed during the movement of the excavator 6, 7, and 8 — conical screens; hi is the depth of planting, hj is the height of the fertilizer layer, Pr is the width of the lower base of the trapezium; E is the width of the upper base of the trapezium.

Example. The application of mineral fertilizers to the ridges in the form of a trapezium is carried out with the help of two brown paws in combination with hillers mounted on a tilled cultivator or a ridge former.

When the machine moves at a speed of 6–9 km / h, the upper narrow paw 1 (Fig. I) with a working width E, within 135–150 mm, loosens the soil to a depth of h, 8–10 cm and pushes it apart, and the bottom 2 with a width of 330-350 mm, the bottom layer of soil is loosened to a depth of h up to 20-25 cm with the formation of a vortex flow of soil due to the angle of inclination from the blade to the direction of movement and the formation of a funnel behind the sturdy two brown paws.

Two tail lines 3 and 4 are attached by a pair of two legs with displacement relative to each other along the course of the unit with a distance of 8-10 cm.

Seeding of fertilizers is regulated in such a way that 2/3 of fertilizers, which are placed closer to the two brown paws and fixed to the infusion inside the solution of the upper paw 1, enter 2/3 of the fertilizers, which fall into the vortex-like flow of the soil formed by the lower paw 2 and mix with the soil in the lower ruce. The rest of the fertilizer enters the second pipeline 4, installed above the upper paw 1 by 10-12 cm at the level of its ends, which provides an increase in concentration from top to bottom in depth.

When the soil is shed and the soil shaft 5 is formed by means of hiller 6, the fertilizer from the second pipeline is mixed with the soil and is higher than the one introduced by the first pipeline.

Below the pipelines 3 and 4, conical screens 7 and 8 are installed with the corresponding dimensions and angles to distribute the fertilizers across the width of the ridge with increasing concentration from the periphery

to the center. At the same time, the screen 7 of the first tapping line has a greater inclination in the direction of movement in order to feed most of the fertilizers towards the stand.

After fertilization, the ridge is formed with the help of tillers 6, reaching behind the paws. In this case, the soil that was

shifted to the sides of the upper paw, complete the formation of the ridge. Thus, the soil of the upper part of the ridge does not contain fertilizers (see Fig. 2). Admission to the plants and harvest of potatoes with different methods of fertilizer application are presented in the table.

357.8

Deep from the side As can be seen from the data in the table, in the first period of growth and development of potato plants with local fertilization using a known method, labeled phosphorus P enters the plant in almost the same amount as with trapezoid. With deep insertion, the intake of P in the planting is significantly delayed. By the 15th day, the intake of phosphorus with the trapezoidal method of application is most intense. During the bloom, the tubers accumulate

245,8

463.8

598.0

FIG. r P B significant amount, which indicates a very active process of outflow of plastic substances. With the trapezoidal method of fertilization compared with the prototype, the potato crop increases by 36.1%, the method gives an average yield of .25 c / ha for an average number of years at a lower fertilizer dose by an average of 2 c per hectare (total annual effect 250 270 rub / raj.

Claims (1)

METHOD FOR MAKING MINERAL FERTILIZERS UNDER THE CARD FEL, including cutting ridges, local fertilizer application, their incorporation and subsequent planting of potatoes, characterized in that, in order to increase potato productivity by increasing the efficiency of using mineral fertilizers by accelerating the contact of the root system with fertilizers in the initial period of plant growth and development and providing their nutrients throughout the growing season, fertilizers are applied to the ridges throughout their volume, starting from the depth of planting potatoes, with increasing depth and width crest concentration.