SU1079201A1 - Method of application of fertilizers - Google Patents

Abstract

A METHOD FOR APPLYING FERTILIZERS, including the distribution of fertilizers with ribbons and their embedding by means of reservoir rotation, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of fertilizer use, the latter are distributed into a prepared groove, the depth of which is no more than 1 / 2-1 / 3 plowing depth and the groove width is 1 / 2-1 / 3 of its depth.

Description

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FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to agricultural production, in particular fertilization.

There is a known method for the superficial application of fertilizers, including the uniform distribution of fertilizers over the soil surface and the subsequent incorporation of them by tillage implements, for example, plows for draining. When plow bodies are embedded, fertilizers roll down along the reservoir down to the plowshare ploughshare, as a result, most of the fertilizer mass is located at the depth of plowing, and the other (smaller) part is all over the arable horizon, starting from the surface of the floor 1.

However, with this method of application, the utilization rate of fertilizers by plants is low, since nutrients are transported to the deep layers of the soil outside the plant root system by groundwater and surface waters. When there is fertilizer in the soil, the plants lack nutrients, which reduces the yield of agricultural crops. In addition, the gap in time between the operations of fertilizer distribution and planting leads to the fact that nutrients decompose under the influence of biological factors, volatilize into the atmosphere, thereby leading to loss of fertilizer.

There is also known a method of fertilizer application, including the distribution of fertilizers with ribbons and their incorporation by reversing the formation. The method is carried out by a combined unit 2.

The disadvantages of this method are the partial movement of fertilizers with the soil, as well as their distribution up to 80 ° / o of the total mass in the upper layer of about 4 cm, which is not enough to feed the plants in the later phases of the growing season. Moreover, the placement of fertilizers in the upper soil layer during difficult years reduces the efficiency of the applied fertilizers.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of fertilizer use.

The goal is achieved by spreading the fertilizer into a prepared groove, the depth of which is no more than 1 / 2-1 / 3 of the indentation depth, and the width of the groove is 1 / 2-1 / 3 of the depth of the groove.

FIG. 1 shows a groove: FIG. 2 turn of the layer by the plow bodies along with a loosened groove and fertilizers in it through 180 °; in fig. 3 - formation rotation at 135 °.

Example In the arable layer to the depth of the indentation (H) create a layer in the form of a tape, and in this case the tape fertilizer must be positioned higher than with the turn of the reservoir without a groove, i.e. the fat is placed at a depth that provides nutrition to the plants, which increases the yield of agricultural due to increased fertilizer utilization and reduced losses. The width of the grooves according to studies and ut-. The estimated agrotechnical requirements are 4 cm.

The outburst can be deep - H more than 20-30 cm. Medium N 20 cm and shallow N less than 20 cm. According to agrotechnical requirements, fertilizer should be applied to a depth of 8-15 cm. Therefore, the depth of the groove (h) must be such that The 135–180 or 180 ° reservoir overhead, the top layer of fertilizer placed in the groove, was located at a depth of 3–15 cm from the ground surface of the soil. With a 180 ° rotation of the formation, the depth of the groove is h H - - h, and with a rotation of 135 ° h Н - hj, while in the second case hj is determined from the AOC: OS triangle, where the OD is half the size of the body plow

The condition of the local placement of fertilizers at a depth of 8-15 cm corresponds to the depth of the groove of no more than 1 / 2-1 / 3 N.

The method can be carried out by an arable machine, including a tractor with a tractor mounted on it successively in the direction of travel of the tractor with a vertical axis of rotation, a fertilizer crop with reflective covers for the tape distribution of fertilizers and a plow. The proposed method achieves a concentrated placement of fertilizers in a confined space (in the groove), regardless of the type of dump plowing (180 ° rotation of the formation or approximately 135 ° of formation formation).

The economic efficiency of the application of the proposed method is determined by the yield increase, and by the localization of fertilizers the increase is 2-3 centners per hectare of grain crops.

Claims (1)

METHOD OF APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS, including the distribution of fertilizers with tapes and their filling by turning the formation, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of fertilizer use, the latter are distributed into a previously prepared furrow, the depth of which is not more than 1/2 to 1/3 of the depth of plowing, and the width of the groove is 1/2 to 1/3 of its depth.