RU1794341C - Method for cultivation of oil-bearing crops - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of cultivating agricultural crops. The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity of castor oil and sunflower by increasing the efficiency of fertilizer use. A method including autumn surface topsoil loosening, spring sowing, care and harvesting is supplemented by the fact that after autumn loosening of the soil, rows are introduced in it, the distance between which is 15 cm, mineral fertilizers to a depth of 8-10 cm in the amount of 60- 80 kg / ha ai and cultivation is carried out in spring sowing. In addition, at the same time as spring cultivation, the herbicide triflannitran in the amount of 1-1.5 kg / ha, a.v. 1 wp

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the technology of cultivating agricultural crops.

A known method of cultivating agricultural crops, including surface tillage, sowing, care and harvesting. In the known post-surface treatment method, an additional deep subsurface loosening of the soil is carried out.

Also known is a method of cultivating agricultural crops, where autumn surface soilless loosening of soil is carried out at 12-14 cm, sowing, care and harvesting.

A disadvantage of the known technical solutions is the high energy intensity during the main processing and the insufficient efficiency of the use of fertilizers.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce energy consumption and increase the efficiency of fertilizer use.

This goal is achieved in that in the method of cultivation of oilseeds, mainly castor oil and sunflower, including autumn surface soilless loosening of soil by 12-14 cm, sowing, care and harvesting, after loosening the soil, fertilizers are applied to a depth of 8-10 cm in quantity 60-80 kg / t through cereal seeds, and in the spring before sowing, cultivation is carried out with the addition of herbicide in an amount of 1-1.5 kg / ha.

A method for cultivating oilseeds is carried out as follows.

After harvesting the spike precursor with the DON-1500, SK-5 or SK-6 combine harvester and removing crop residues (using pushing, traction drags), the BD-10 disc harrow is peeled to a depth of 8 cm in the aggregate with T-150, DT tractors -175, T-150k at a speed of 7-9 km / h. The resulting mulching soil layer protects the productive moisture remaining in the arable and underlying horizons from evaporation, and also promotes partial germination of seeds

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annual and awakening dormant underground buds of perennial weeds. After 25-35 days, depending on the prevailing weather conditions (rainfall, temperature), and consequently on the rate of growth and development of weeds, but later than the mass flowering of the sprouted weeds, the foci of perennial root weeds are sprayed with a herbicide of 0.6-0.7 kg of active substance (AI) ha with a liquid flow rate of 150-200 l / ha.

To carry out this agricultural technique, a sprayer is used with the required working width (depending on the area of the igig perennials) of 10-21 m, ensuring uniform distribution of the preparation by each sprayer. Repeated and final loosening of the soil using the BDT-7 heavy disk harrow (equipped with a heavy chain train to level the soil surface) to a depth of 12-14 cm should be carried out after the leaves of perennial weeds have dried, and the aerial and underground stems in the arable layer is deformed (will increase significantly in diameter). Depending on weather conditions, this happens after .7-12 days. Seedlings of annual weeds by this time do not have time to form seeds and are completely destroyed by mechanical cultivation of the soil. -In years with a prolonged wet autumn before going to winter, if a new wave of weeds breaks out, they are destroyed by cultivating the field with 2KPS-4, DT-75 aggregates. The processing depth in this case is up to 7 cm.

In this combined way, i.e. mechanical and local chemical, soil contamination is reduced.

In order to increase the efficiency of mineral fertilizers, they must be applied after repeated deep disengaging by the hitching grain sowing machines SZ-3.6, SZP-3.6 and

others at the rate of 60-80 kg / ha, i.e. this amount of fertilizer is the optimal dose to ensure maximum yield increase depending on the fertility of the field to a depth of 8-10 cm, such a depth

due to the depth of sowing of seed n.

Replacing the application of the main fertilizer from the surface spread to the local soil makes it possible to place the fertilizers predominantly in a layer of 8-10 cm, and not throughout

by a loosened soil layer, the uniformity of applying fertilizer granules per unit area per 1 m2, per 1 ha, over the entire field is increased. Strips with a higher and very low concentration of fertilizers are excluded.

in the spring, the floor treated with disk implements when maturing the soil on the eve of sowing and the emergence of threads and seedlings of weeds is cultivated with paired cultivators 2 KPS-4 with the simultaneous application of triflan herbicide or its analogues. For this purpose, the universal sprayer POU is hung on the DT-75 tractor, and a boom with sprayers is installed on the frame, where

the pump receives a working solution of 1-1.5 kg / ha triflan - 200-250 l / ha of water, such an amount of herbicide ensures the purity of sowing from weeds.

For better soil mixing and

cultivators are equipped with working solution with BVS-1.0 harrows. Presowing depth can be 6-8 cm.

Further cultivation technologies

castor oil and sunflower are similar to the existing (generally accepted),

Formula a of the invention 1. A method of cultivating oilseeds, including autumn surface soilless loosening of soil by 12-14 cm, spring sowing, care and harvesting, characterized in that, in order to increase the productivity of castor oil and sunflower by increasing the efficiency of fertilizer use, after autumn cultivation

Soils are introduced into it in rows, the distance between which is 15 cm, mineral fertilizers to a depth of 8-10 cm in the amount of 60-80 kg / ha of active substance (AI). and in the spring, cultivation is carried out before sowing.

2. The method according to claim 1. characterized in that at the same time as spring cultivation, the herbicide triflannitran is introduced in an amount of 1-1.5 kg / ha a.a.