SU1664963A1 - Method for melioration and agricultural utilization of peat deposits - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to farming on marsh soils, and can be used in the cultivation of spring sowing crops on peats. The aim of the invention is to increase the patency and reduce the destructive effect on the soil of agricultural machinery, as well as to create conditions for earlier sowing of crops. The method includes the creation of a systematic network of dehumidifiers on the meliorated area. In winter, deep freezing of the soil is carried out by periodical rolling of snow cover. Moreover, the areas where rolling is carried out alternate with the areas where conditions are created for the retention of snow removed from the rolled sections. Before the beginning of snowfall, a mixture of mineral fertilizers and blackening materials is applied to the surface of the rolled snow. After thawing the soil from the surface for 5-10 cm, surface treatment and sowing of crops are carried out. In the snow holding areas, processing and sowing are carried out at normal times. The method allows to increase the permeability of agricultural machinery in the implementation of spring field work, to reduce the destructive effect of propulsion equipment on the soil, to sow earlier. The latter allows to significantly increase the yield due to more complete use of spring moisture and lengthening of the growing season. 1 hp ff.

Description

from the fall, maps from the autumn were left behind the scenes of sunflower.

In winter time, the snow falling by wind was carried out beyond the boundaries of the rolled cards to the neighboring ones, where it was held backstage. With an increase in the roughness of the snow surface on the rolled-in maps, snow rolling was again performed. The depth of freezing in areas with compacted snow was two times greater than in the neighboring ones. In spring, at the beginning of April, in areas with deep freezing of soil on the compacted snow surface, a dose of mineral fertilizers was applied to the main fertilizer, mixed with peat crumb (8-10% by weight of fertilizers). By April 15, on the maps of deep freezing, the snow has grown completely. By April 29, in these areas, the soil was thawed to a depth of 5–8 cm and surface treatment and sowing of oats to a depth of 5–6 cm with the SUK-24 cups coupled with tracked tractors were carried out.

In areas of typical use, snow was thawed on April 25, sowing was carried out after complete thawing of the soil. The agricultural machinery could pass through the decaying field only when the humidity decreased to a level close to the state of physical ripeness. As a result, only 1 June was sown.

Snow removal in the winter period led to a deep freezing of the soil, a thin layer of remaining snow quickly became spring, which was facilitated by surface blackening and salt application. Under the influence of solar radiation, dark peat rather quickly melted to a depth of 5–8 cm, the low thermal conductivity of peat contributed to the heating of this layer and protected the permafrost from further rapid destruction. Peat, which has good capillary properties, transported moisture to the surface, where it was intensely evaporated due to the low reflectivity of the peat mass and the low relative humidity of the air. As a result, the thin upper layer was ready for sowing before thawing the soil entirely. The permafrost layer increased the permeability of agricultural equipment and supplied the seedlings with moisture due to the capillary properties of peat during thawing.

The grain yield on the rolled-up areas was 29.3 centners per hectare of grain, on the non-rolled sections, 15.0 centners per hectare. The area on which the rolling was carried out was 100 hectares. Plots with backstage were treated using conventional zonal technology.

EXAMPLE 2 . On March 20, mineral fertilizers with KSA-3 at a dose of N60 P 120 K 120 were scattered in a mixture of starch powder (100 kg / ha). On the rolled-up areas, the snow melted on April 16, and on the adjacent -26 April.

The pea-oats mixture was seeded on cryocards on April 20 by the SUC-24 cells without sem wires, in spread, coupled with a tracked tractor. At this moment, the peat was otta by 5-8 cm. Immediately after sowing, the seeds were sealed with BDT-2.5 disk harrows to a depth of 5-6 cm, combining the sowing with processing, and the field was rolled by smooth rollers. Oats rose 30 April. Harvesting green mass was started on 11 July. The yield of green mass was 60 kg / ha (due to the unfavorable conditions of the season). However, in areas of conventional technology, where sowing was started on June 13, it was only 4 c / ha.

Thus, the proposed method makes it possible to reduce the destruction of the soil structure by the movers of agricultural machinery and at the same time to carry out earlier sowing of crops. The latter leads to a more complete use of spring moisture and a period with temperatures favorable for vegetation; the result is a significant increase in yield.

Claims (2)

1. A method of land reclamation and agricultural use of peat peaks, including the creation of a systematic network of dryers, pre-sowing tillage and planting of agricultural crops, characterized in that creating conditions for earlier sowing of crops; in winter, deep freezing of the soil is carried out by periodically compacting the snow by rolling, with areas e compacted with snow alternate with snow retention sites, before snow starts, the blackened areas with compacted snow are blackened, while in the frozen areas, pre-sowing and seeding are carried out when the soil thaws to a depth of 5-10 cm. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to speed up sleep ha, as well as improving the nutritional conditions of ras- - mineral fertilizers with peat crushing, blackening is carried out with a mixture of coy.