SU1058719A1 - Tool for machining shaft - Google Patents

Description

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I The invention relates to metal working and can be used propertyly in semi-finishing and clear milling of long shafts of large diameter. A known face milling cutter for machining the side surface of a rotating shaft, comprising a housing with tools installed therein, the main cutting edges of the shaft: the axes are located on the side surface i. However, the occurrence during machining: the cutting force shafts result in pronounced unbalanced dynamic loads, and consequently, to tool vibrations and poor quality of the machined surface. Closest to the invention is a milling cutter, on the body, which has a ring with cutting elements staggered with respect to the cutting elements of the milling cutter, and the ring is rotatably mounted relative to the milling cutter body in the opposite direction via parasitic gears. This milling cutter is designed for. processing the plane to increase its purity 2. The extension of this cutter does not significantly reduce the vibration resistance of the milling process, since the end cutting edges of the cutters on the body and ring lie in parallel planes, the distance between which is equal to the allowance per transfer, and the cutting forces acting on the cleaning tools installed on the body, significantly less cutting forces acting on the incisors located on the ring. In addition, the difference in cutting forces leads to tool vibrations and, consequently, to a reduction in the quality of the machined surface. The purpose of the invention is to increase the vibration stability. This goal is achieved by the fact that the tool for machining the shaft retains the body with the cutters and the coaxial ring with the cutters installed in it, the corpus and ring being able to rotate in opposite directions, the end cutting edges of the ring and the body lying in one plane, and the length The indicated edges located on the ring are smaller than the length of the edges located on the body. In Fig. 1, the proposed processing tool in Fig. 2 is section A-A in Fig. 1; in FIG. 3, the dimensions of the tool are determined by the quality of the surface to be treated. The tool for machining is made up of a ring 1 and a body 2, rotated in opposite directions and connected with balls 3. There are cutters 4 on the ring and cutting 5 on the body. The tool for the shaft is driven from a two-spindle head, the spindles b and 7 of which rotate in opposite directions. NORMAL connection between the body 2 and i in the form of balls 3 increases the rigidity of the technological system, as the balls 3 are additional supports of spindles 6 and 7. End face edges a, c, cutters 4 and rings 1 and end edges of the body cutters 5 2 lie in the same plane. The side cutting edges and together with the cutting edges b1, c are the main cutting edges and are intended for power cutting. To provide a positive effect, which is to increase the vibration resistance, the tool radii should satisfy the following condition I, –G, K2 – G2, where RI is the outer radius of the ring 1 along the main cutting edges a, b, b, the inner radius of the ring 1 along the main cutting edges a, C. “2 is the outer radius of the body 2 along the main cutting edges; the inner radius of the body 2 is along the main cutting edges. This condition means that the length of the cutting edges of the ring 1 must be less than the length of the cutting edges Q} ci of the body 2, Only in this case is su. .1MA of all forces (RJ) acting on the cutters 4 is less than or equal to the sum of all forces (() acting on the cutters; And since the rotation of the cutters 4 and 5 are directed in opposite directions, the moments of cutting forces acting on the ring 1 and case 2 will be mutually subtracted. If this condition is not observed, Ummah forces R j. are always greater. This means that in no mutual arrangement of the tool and the machined shaft 8, characterized by the distance between their axes (tuo) f, satisfactory mutual balancing of forces and forces can be achieved. As the distance XQ increases, the magnitude of the difference in forces R will increase. The coaxial arrangement of the ring 1 and the housing 2 leads to the features related to the fact that the tool does not process the plane, but the curvilinear cylindrical surface. The magnitude of the radial gap between pe, KpoMKat "ia s" determines the roughness of the machined surface of the shaft 8. When the shaft 8 rotates in the direction of arrow n, the allowance that is in the space bounded by the X-OAij OBq planes is partially removed by the main end and side edges (,) rings 1 and the main cutting edges (a} C2I o, The allowance lying in space is limited to 4 planes ksh. X -OA and H S -OAij, X OB and R OB, removes with the main face and side cutting edges (, and sc) rings 1. Thus, the height of the irregularities determining above Rotational surface of the shaft, along the length of the arc AC will vary from zero at point A to the highest value (R zV point C. If R is the radius of the shaft 8 and Zo is the distance between the axis of the shaft 8 and the axes of the ring 1 and the body 2 , from geometric considerations (see Fig. 3) depending on the required roughness (height of irregularities of profile RT :) yours, it must satisfy the condition Er-R.UrVRV5 S-aof R R. Calculations show that by varying the parameters (R, t, l ..) saBHCHiocTH from the width of the machined shaft ({), given the surface roughness (RZ) of the distance between tool axes and a shaft (So can be achieved to reduce the total component boiling th cutting forces in several times, thereby significantly improve the vibration resistance and, accordingly, productivity and quality of the machined surface of the shaft.

 S

Mr. J

Claims (1)

TOOL FOR PROCESSING A SHAFT, comprising a housing with cutters and a coaxial ring with cutters mounted in it, said housing and ring being able to rotate in. different sides, characterized in that, in order to increase vibration resistance, the end cutting edges of the ring and the body lie in the same plane, and the length of the edges located on the ring is less than the length of the edges located on the body. SU ... 1058719 Fig. 1