SU1044238A1 - Grain separator - Google Patents

Abstract

A GRAIN SEPARATOR containing an endless perforated elastic band mounted inside a rotating cylinder with a reverse curvature section formed by pressure and pressure rollers, a loading device, fractions collectors and an air duct with a slit for splitting the grain flow coming from the reverse curvature section, in that in order to simplify the construction and increase the separation efficiency, the duct is designed as a hollow axis located behind the inverse curvature of the pressure rollers, and the air gap uhovoda directed towards the collection of impurities.

Description

The invention relates to the technique of separating grain mixtures and can be used in agriculture in the structures of grain cleaning machines. Known cylindrical, Trier, containing elastic cellular tape located in the drum, and placed in the last along its entire length loading mechanism, brush reflector and air duct, made with two flat and one convex sides, and the curvature of the latter corresponds to the curvature of the wall of the drum. One of the flat sides is located vertically, and the second - obliquely. The duct is positioned so that the convex side is in the loading zone, vertical - in the zone of the grain getting into the ribbon cells, and inclined - in the action zone of the brush reflector. During operation of the grain device, the mixture inside the Trier is penetrated by air flow passing along the drum towards the discharge end. Under the action of the air stream supplied to the drum, the cockle, broken grain and wild oats are taken out of the grain mixture, which are lighter than the fl wheat grains. The disadvantage of this device is the loss of full grain waste. The air flow rate due to aerodynamic losses at the end of the duct is reduced to the soaring speed of light particles. In order to bring light particles out of the device, the speed of the air flow is increased, which leads to removal, together with an admixture of high-grade grain. A grain separator is also known that contains an endless perforated elastic band mounted inside a rotating cylinder with a backward curvature section formed by pressure and curved rollers, a loading device, fractions collectors and an air duct with a slit for splitting the grain flow coming from the back curvature section (2) . A disadvantage of the known separator lies in the complexity of the design of the air guide, since it is formed from several elements: curtains, joint, groove. In addition, the separator does not provide sufficiently high quality grain separation. In the course of operation, the air flow is directed towards the moving from the site of the reverse curvature of the grain mixture, which, under the action of the air flow, reduces its speed of movement. Since the aerodynamic properties of the grain mixture (grains and impurities), unequal impurities are much faster than grains, reduce their speed, which leads to their accumulation, impact between themselves, and with the grain moving at a higher speed, resulting in the trajectory of movement, which leads: To the pop length of 1 ppm in the trough for the grain. The purpose of the invention is to simplify the construction and increase the separation efficiency. The goal is achieved by the fact that the air duct is made in the form of a hollow axis of the pinch rollers located behind the return curvature section, and the airway duct slot is directed towards the collection of impurities. Fig, 1 schematically shows a grain separator, a cross-section; in fig. 2 - duct. The separator contains a cylinder I, inside which along its surface there are infinite elastic band 2 with openings for the passage of fines, a pressure roller 3, pressure rollers 4 placed along the edges of the belt 2. The pressure roller 3 is installed between cylinder 1 and belt 2, and The pressure rollers 4 are inside the belt 2 and form in the latter a portion of the reverse curvature. The cylinder 1 is mounted on the support rollers 5 and enclosed in the casing 6, in the lower part of which a collector with a screw 7 of the small fraction is mounted. Inside the cylinder 1 along its surface there is a loading device (screw} 8, as well as collections 9 and 10, respectively, for refined grain and troughs with chutes II and 12. Collections 9 and 10 are interconnected by a common chute 13, on which is installed adjustable in height damper 14. The pinch rollers 4, located behind the section of the inverse curvature of the tape 2 along its rotation, are made of rollers 15. The air duct 16 is made in the form of a tubular axis of the rollers 4, and the slit 17 of the air duct 16 is directed to the assembly side 10 for impurities. Air duct 16 communicated with veins The cylinder has a shutter -8 on which there is a flap 19. The rollers 15 can be made of bearings with seasonal lubrication, as the latter have ball bearings sealed with glands and can work in dusty conditions. The separator works as follows. The grain mixture is fed by a loading device 8 to the inner the surface of the rotating tape 2 and is carried along by it upwards in the course of rotation. At the same time, the speeds of the tape 2 and the grain mixture are excellent, since the grain mixture enters the surface of the tape with an initial velocity equal to zero, and this It promotes the relative flow of the grain mixture over the surface of the belt 2 and the passage through its opening of the fine fraction of the grain mixture, which is collected in the lower part of the casing 6, from where it is. com 7 is removed from the separator. The rest of the mixture (mainly large particles) is fed to the upper part of the device, where the tape 2 runs onto the pressure roller 3, and the grain mixture is detached from the surface of the tape 2 and makes free flight in the direction of movement of the tape. The air flow generated by the fan 18, through the slot 17 of the duct 16, is directed to the collector 10, in the upper part of which the mixture particles (grains and large impurities) move across the air flow across the reverse curvature of the tape 2. As a result of the interaction with the air flow, the particles of the mixture change their flight path. Thus, light particles of a mixture (straw impurities), which have a much higher coefficient of yielding than grains, acquire a steeper trajectory of motion. In this way, the impurities fall on the surface of the chute 13 and then into the collection 10 for impurities; The grains, flying over the flap 14, fall into the collection 9. By moving the damper-t T {And 14 in the height of the dryer, the separator setting is adjusted. The valve 14 is installed on the smallest height of the trajectory of the grain.

The speed of the air flow is changed by damper 19.

The proposed separator provides a more complex structure and more efficient separation.

The air duct is a support for the pressure rollers and at the same time transports and directs the air flow through the ball to the moving particles. It also becomes possible to use bearings with seasonal lubrication as pressure rollers.

The location of the duct above the collection of impurities and the direction of the duct slot towards this collector prevent light impurities from loading in the zone of action of the air flow, which increases the separation efficiency.

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Claims (1)

A GRAIN SEPARATOR containing an endless perforated elastic tape mounted inside a rotating cylinder with a reverse curvature section formed by pressure and pressure rollers, a loading device, fraction collectors and an air duct with a slit for delaminating the grain flow coming from the reverse curvature section, characterized in that, with In order to simplify the design and increase the separation efficiency, the duct is made in the form of a hollow axis located behind the reverse curvature section of the pressure rollers, and the slot is air yes directed towards the collection of impurities.