SK8957Y1 - Prefabricated, portable modular energy-passive wooden building based mainly on natural materials - Google Patents

Abstract

Prefabricated, portable modular energy-passive wooden building based mainly on natural materials is made of prefabricated parts in the production hall, assembled on a specific lot, remountable and relocatable, whereby the built wooden building can be extended and/or added by another module from series of modules for length, width and height in shape e.g. L, Z, U, O. It is made of I beams or glued KVH beams from large-area cladding panels, which are a multiple of the basic module grid with a dimension of 625 mm, whereby at least the module is a multiple of five and 80 to 90% of the window area is placed on one wall of a prefabricated wooden building, whereby this wall is oriented to south.

Description

Technical field

The technical solution belongs to the category of modular, repeatable multi-purpose buildings based mainly on natural materials produced in the production hall, assembled and assembled on a specific plot of land, re-dismantled and relocatable. The built object can be extended and / or added by another of a series of modules for length, width, height in the shape of e.g. L, Z, U, O.

The building is equipped with a ventilation unit with heat recovery and air filtration, which is used in the heating season to reduce heat loss of the building (ventilation in the heating season is not provided by natural infiltration caused by leaks in the perimeter shell and structural elements - windows, doors). to cool the building, the joints of the components to each other and the windows are covered with airtight tapes, facade walls, roof structure and foundation slab are insulated so that the heat transfer through the structures is such that the specific heat demand for heating does not exceed 15.4 kWh / m ² years.

The construction is quick and easy to assemble and relocate thanks to the placement of the foundation slab on supports above the natural terrain with a ventilated air gap and the basis on simple foundation structures - earth screws, foundation feet and foundation strips.

The construction is largely independent of the surrounding infrastructure - it only requires connection to a source of drinking water (water supply or well) and to a source of electricity (in countries where legislation allows, this restriction does not apply).

The sum of these partial technical solutions creates a unique technical solution that allows you to build quickly from any of the selected modules, build the building technically easily and quickly with another module and, if necessary, disassemble and relocate it, operate it with minimal energy requirements and thanks to the design solution to create an indoor environment with a microclimate favorable to the human body and adapted to the permanent presence of people.

Prior art

Previously known types of wooden buildings are in many respects more advantageous than classic masonry structures of small-storey buildings, because with a comparable service life they have lower demands on acquisition costs, time required for construction, and energy spent on heating. Another advantage is that the internal layout solution can be easily and quickly adapted to the new needs of the current user, as well as completely different requirements of the new user. The use of wooden building elements and materials based on natural substances is also advantageous in terms of their preparation and processing before the start of construction, as it is less energy-intensive than the preparation of conventional building materials, such as e.g. fired bricks, precast concrete, gas silicate blocks, etc.

There are known solutions for mobile buildings, designed as transportable containers, which are, however, for permanent housing, office work, residence of children, seniors, etc. unsuitable as they are limited by the maximum dimensions of objects permitted for carriage by road. Such mobile containers are minimally insulated, greater insulation thickness would reduce the insufficient depth of the interior in terms of permanent housing and use (technical standards determine the minimum dimensions and area of living rooms, rooms designated as a workplace, teaching rooms, seniors' stay). in permanent care facilities, etc.). Their design is based on the principle of a metal frame and thin walls filled with insulating materials on a non-natural basis (eg polystyrene, polyurethane foams, etc.) that do not allow the diffusion of water vapor, which is in terms of favorable internal wedge for longer human stay and some of these undesirable environments. materials release volatile substances harmful to the human body into the indoor environment.

There are also known solutions for modular, fast-to-manufacture and repeatable buildings for housing, work, education and the like, such as self-supporting prefabricated panel construction systems, and load-bearing skeletal systems with prefabricated panels, whose internal environment is also not beneficial to the human body. Panel construction systems use reinforced concrete structures of perimeter cladding, roof, foundation slab and ceiling structures, have no solutions to eliminate thermal bridges, heat leaks through structural joints are not solved, joints are not airtight, the reinforced concrete skeleton itself creates a deformed magnetic field adversely affecting physical and mental human health. Panel buildings are a problem to disassemble and reassemble so that they re-fulfill all the functions required of the buildings (static safety, heat, technical properties, acoustics, airtightness, etc.).

Current solutions for prefabricated wood-based buildings with excellent thermal insulation properties, with diffusely open constructions of perimeter cladding are also known, but these are not solved as modular systems with the possibility of reconnection and adjustment, or as easily relocatable constructions.

S K 8957 Υ1

The essence of the technical solution

The subject technical solution according to this utility model combines the positive properties of individual hitherto known technical solutions and eliminates the shortcomings that occur in them. At the same time, he applies them in practice in another technical way, as is hitherto known. This creates an original technical solution as a complex.

The essence of the solution is the production of such prefabricated wall, ceiling and slab-foundation panels in the production hall, whose physical properties in combination with the described design, composition, structural elements of windows and technical equipment create a unique technical solution - after suitable installation, assembly and completion on a specific of the land creates an energetically passive building.

Prefabricated, movable modular energy-passive wooden building base, especially natural materials, in the shape of a block, is produced in the production hall and consists of wall panels, ceiling panels and slab-foundation panels and roof, and is assembled and assembled on a specific plot. The wooden building forms a closable and covered variable interior space with an entrance, with window openings, with internal partitions separating individual different functional parts and is placed on a base plate above the natural terrain on supports with a ventilated air gap of a minimum height of 250 mm. It is based on simple foundation structures - ground screws, footings and foundation strips. The essence of said wooden building is that it is made of "J" beams or glued KVH beams / large-area cladding panels, which are a multiple of the basic module grid of 625 mm, the smallest module is a multiple of five and 80 to 90% of the window area is placed on one the wall of the prefabricated wooden building, this wall is oriented to the south. Perimeter wall panels are manufactured as a wooden frame structure in the construction system / large-area panels, including pre-preparation for network distribution. The installation plane, in which the installation distributions - electrical installation and water distributions are led, contains: - wooden grate grate at least 60 mm thick, - intermediate space filled with mineral thermal and sound insulation at least 60 mm thick, - vapor barrier made of polyethylene foil at least 0.16 mm thick .

The supporting structure contains:

- chipboard at least 12 mm thick,

- frame construction made of I beams, flange 45 x 45 mm, height 300 mm, or made of wooden beams, - intermediate space filled with blown cellulose or mineral wool with the function of thermal and sound insulation at least 300 mm thick

- a fibreboard diffusely open board at least 13 mm thick.

The internal partitions are made as a wooden frame construction clad on both sides with 12.5 mm thick plasterboard, or impregnated plasterboards for bathrooms with a surface treatment.

The roof consists of a flat roof covering with a waterproofing covering, including the underlying geotextile, the PVC-based coating itself, and the coated foil can be covered with a layer of washed river gravel 50 mm thick or finished with an extensive green roof with a 50 to 100 mm thick substrate. The roof overhang above the terrace is formed by wooden slats mounted on extended ceilings, where the depth of the roof exceeds at least 800 mm. The roof attic is made as an uninsulated wooden frame structure.

Exterior wall, ceiling, slab-foundation prefabricated panels and windows are made in different size modules, which allow you to choose variable solutions with respect to the size of built-up and usable area, dimensional design, layout and purpose of construction, corresponding to the needs of the builder. the type and / or module of the energy-passive construction that best meets his needs, in contrast to the construction carried out on the basis of an individually prepared energy-passive construction project, which saves the builder funds and time required to implement the individual project.

Other advantages of such a solution include: shortening the time of delivery of parts and completion of the building, reducing the dimensions of the building to the necessary minimum thanks to pre-thought and multiple use verified internal layout solution and rationalization of internal installations, easier foundation due to less load on wooden floors than masonry and masonry monolithic constructions (such a solution again saves the builder's time and resources).

This solution allows the building to be dismantled and relocated to another location where it can be reassembled by placing the foundation slab on supports over natural terrain with a ventilated air gap and based on simple foundation structures - ground screws, footings and foundation strips.

Furthermore, it allows the finished building to be quickly enlarged by the selected type and / or module with the use of comparable resources per unit area as in the implementation of the original construction (both of these solutions again save time and resources of the builder).

Such a solution reduces the heat loss of the building, as the wall insulation is of sufficient thickness to achieve a passive standard with respect to Central European climatic conditions.

S K 8957 Υ1

The thickness of the structures and their specific composition is chosen from such materials that the resulting heat transfer coefficient for building structures reaches the value of min. U = 0.15 W / m ² K and for ceilings and boards values of min. U = 0.15 W / m ² K. The airtightness of the building to the required value of the Blower-Door test in the value of 0.6 is ensured by an airtight plane formed by large-area structural boards made of chipboard fibers and gluing of structural joints with airtight tapes (the limit is determined by the assumed calculation -Door test in the value of 0.6), which guarantees precisely calculable heat losses and at the same time the technical equipment - ventilation unit - allows controlled ventilation with heat recovery from the exhaust air and reduces these already reduced heat losses compared to other technical solutions used so far you countable values.

The composition of the materials is chosen so that the bulk density of the materials decreases from the exterior to the interior and the diffusion impermeability increases. The whole structure is designed as a water-diffusely open composition, which prevents the penetration of water into the structure and allows the free movement of water vapor from the interior to the exterior. The composition of the roof structure and the base plate is similar.

Noise protection - the special composition of the perimeter walls, ceiling, window constructions prevents the transmission of hygienically unacceptable noise levels from the outside environment inwards and the composition of the internal partitions prevents the transmission of unwanted sounds between rooms.

The building uses direct solar gains during the heating season to reduce the energy needs for heating through large glass areas located on the south-facing perimeter wall. Window openings are minimized on the remaining walls facing the other three sides of the world. Such a solution is more efficient than the conventional arrangement of windows along all peripheral walls, because it brings the user great savings on heating energy for the same acquisition costs during operation.

The windows used in the wooden building are made of insulating triple glazing and insulated frames. The windows are installed on the construction site in a pre-prepared opening and the connection joint is sealed with PUR foam, sheep wool or PUR tape. During installation, the window is strapped with interior and exterior vapor-impermeable tape, which ensures the airtightness of the windows (verified by the Blower Door test). The advantage of such a solution is the improvement of the thermal properties of the entire wooden building compared to buildings with 2-glass windows and without an insulated frame.

The window surfaces are shaded by a structural overlap of the perimeter wall and the roof with fitted slats, and external blinds are designed as additional shading. The advantage of such a solution is the elimination of summer overheating of the interior of the wooden building. In addition, installing most windows on the south perimeter wall and at least one smaller window on the north or east perimeter wall allows night ventilation to reduce the interior temperature to acceptable values even at night when the air temperature does not fall below 20 degrees Celsius (so-called tropical nights).

The building uses technical solutions in the field of photovoltaics to ensure energy self-sufficiency (in countries where legislation allows it) or to minimize energy consumption during operation using photovoltaic panels mounted on the roof of the building and connected to e.g. for domestic hot water installations, heating installations or directly to the energy network.

Thanks to the economical operation achieved by the technical solution, the construction is largely independent of the surrounding infrastructure - it only requires connection to a drinking water source (water supply or well) and to an electricity source (in countries where legislation allows, this restriction does not apply). Such a solution brings the user high energy savings for heating compared to standard masonry buildings, insufficiently insulated, with significant thermal bridges, not using heat recovery with regulated ventilation in the heating season and not using passive solar gains through the glazed surfaces of the perimeter walls.

Thanks to the articulated joints, the building is strong, much more resistant to the effects of earthquakes, compared to masonry buildings, where the connection of the perimeter walls to each other and also to the roof structure and the foundation slab is much higher. With increased seismicity, the structure does not collapse or deform so that it is not suitable for use, articulated joints allow safe transmission of destructive seismic forces, unlike masonry structures, where the consequences of seismic activity are often fatal.

Building materials used in building constructions are based on natural materials, harmless to health, perimeter walls, ceiling structure and foundation slab of the building are natural, recyclable materials - thanks to which the building itself has a low CO2 value and after the life of the building, dismantling the structure and sorting individual types of materials (wood, glass, cellulose, gypsum, paper) can be reused (recycling) or natural materials can be disposed of by incineration with a minimum of pollutants or taken to sorted landfills.

The building is adapted for permanent residence of people even with the smallest modules, which is an advantage of such a technical solution compared to container and other mobile buildings, which are insufficiently insulated and have a diffusely closed composition of the walls.

It has a versatile use - it can serve as a residential building (family house, apartment building), for recreation, as a bathroom, school and preschool facilities, as well as an administrative building and workplace or as a sales and representation stand, thanks to a modular solution, variable internal layout a potenen

S K 8957 Υ1 for simple conversion or expansion, which in turn is an advantage over masonry and monolithic buildings

Overview of figures in the drawings

One of the possible variants of the assembled, movable modular energy-passive wooden building based mainly on natural materials according to the technical solution is schematically shown in the attached drawings. Picture no. 1 shows a typical plan view of a building. Picture no. 2 shows a view of the southern peripheral wall of the building. Picture no. 3 shows a typical section of a building. Picture no. 4 shows an example of an L-shaped surface extension. FIG. 5 shows an example of a z-shaped surface extension. FIG. 6 shows an example of a U-shaped surface extension. FIG. 7 shows an example of an O-shaped surface extension. FIG. 8 shows an example of an extension by one floor extension. Picture no. 9 shows a perspective view from the front south side and from above (from a bird's eye view).

Examples of embodiments

A typical embodiment of a prefabricated, movable modular energy-passive wooden building based mainly on natural materials according to the technical solution will be explained on the basis of an exemplary embodiment schematically shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 9, on which, in order to increase clarity and comprehensibility, certain elements which are not necessary for understanding the essence of the technical solution are omitted, such as energy distribution, media, interior equipment, interior furniture, etc., the arrangement of which directly follows from the specific purpose, for which the wooden building is intended and from the specific spatial solution of the whole wooden building and its individual parts.

The prefabricated, movable modular energy-passive wooden building 1 on the basis of mainly natural materials is in the shape of a block.

The basis of the assembled, movable modular energy-passive wooden building 1 on the basis of mainly natural materials consists of simple foundation structures - ground screws, foundation feet and foundation strips 11, on which supports 10 are anchored and prefabricated foundation board 9 made of slab foundation panels are placed and anchored on it. 4. The outer wall panels 2 and the inner partitions 39 are laid and anchored to the base plate 9 according to the design static solution.

Prefabricated, movable modular energy-passive wooden building 1 based mainly on natural materials, block-shaped, manufactured in the production hall as prefabricated, consists of wall panels 2, ceiling panels 3, slab-foundation panels 4 and roof 50, and is assembled and assembled on a concrete of land, forming a closable and covered variable interior space with an entrance 6, with large window openings 7, small window openings 8, with internal partitions 39 separating individual different functional parts, such as living space 14, bedroom 15 and bathroom 16. Wooden building 1 according to this of the technical solution is placed on the base plate 9 above the natural terrain on supports 10 with a ventilated air gap of a minimum height of 250 mm and based on simple foundation structures with earth screws, foundation feet and foundation strips 11. The wooden structure 1 according to this technical solution is made of "I" beams or glued KVH beams 12 from large-area cladding panels 13, which are a multiple of the basic module grid of 625 mm, the smallest modulus being a multiple of the number five and 80 to 90% of the area of the windows being located on one wall of the prefabricated wooden building 1, this wall being oriented to the south.

The perimeter wall panels 2 are made as a wooden frame construction in the construction system of large-area panels, including pre-preparation for network distribution.

The perimeter wall from the interior to the exterior has a composition, for example, 12.5 mm thick plasterboard is used in the bathrooms. Impregnated plasterboard is used.

Installation plane in which the installation distributions are led - electrical installation and water distribution:

- wooden grate spruce or fir grate 60 mm thick,

- an intermediate space filled with 60 mm thick mineral thermal and sound insulation,

- steam barrier made of polyethylene foil 0.16 mm thick.

Skeleton:

- wood chips with a thickness of 12 mm,

- frame construction of I beams, flange 45 x 45 mm, height 300 mm, or of beams of structurally solid spruce wood, dried, planed, galvanized, thickness 300 mm,

- an intermediate space filled with blown cellulose or mineral wool with a thermal and sound insulation function of 300 mm thickness,

- wood fiber diffusion open board 13 mm thick.

S K 8957 Υ1

Perimeter wall panels 2 with external finish plaster rear wall are compositions:

- adhesive mortar,

- façade mineral board 20 mm thick with perpendicular fiber orientation diffusely open structure,

- trowel mortar with fiberglass grid, primer and external plaster.

The perimeter wall panels 2 terminated with wood cladding form a ventilated façade, the front wall and the side walls having the following composition:

- 40 mm thick spruce / fir fastening grid,

- wooden cladding red spruce profile e.g. 18/100 mm, colorless glaze or heat-treated red spruce profile e.g. 18/100 mm.

The side walls of the terrace are made as an uninsulated wooden frame structure of the composition:

- chipboard construction 12 mm thick, wooden spruce / fir frame construction 100 mm thick, - chipboard 12 mm thick on both sides lined with wood cladding - red spruce profile e.g. 18/100 mm treated with colorless glaze or heat-deep treated red spruce profile e.g. 18/100 mm on a 40 mm thick spruce / fir mounting grille

The internal partitions 39 are made as a wooden frame structure clad on both sides with 12.5 mm thick plasterboard, impregnated plasterboards with a surface treatment are used in the bathrooms: sealing, sanding, penetrating coating in two layers and finishing.

The load-bearing structure of the inner walls is a frame structure made of beams made of structurally solid spruce wood, dried, planed, galvanized, 120 mm thick. The space is filled with mineral wool with a 60 mm thick sound insulation function.

The slab-base panel 4 is made as a wooden frame construction and consists of bottom:

load-bearing structure made of:

- chipboard 12 mm thick,

- frame construction of I beams, flange 45 x 45 mm, height 300 mm, or of beams of structurally solid spruce wood, dried, planed, galvanized, thickness 300 mm,

- an intermediate space filled with thermal and sound insulation made of blown cellulose or mineral wool 300 mm thick,

- a vapor barrier made of polyethylene film 0,16 mm thick,

- chipboard 18 mm thick

The rough floor is made of floor insulation from 60 mm thick fibreboards, inserted between the prisms of the floorboard, the final floor in the living rooms is made of wooden spruce board 20 mm thick on the grate or from large wooden parquets on plasterboard, gypsum, wood chipboard or cement chipboard in personal hygiene rooms and in the entrance hall with ceramic tiles glued to plasterboard, gypsum fiber or cement-bonded boards, in bathrooms and kitchens a waterproofing layer is added under the boards.

The floors in the second above-ground floor are constructed as floating, the distribution board is placed on the material with good step attenuation and the floor covering is laid directly on it.

The ceiling panel 3 is made as a wooden frame structure in a construction system of large-area panels, including pre-preparation for network distribution and from the bottom up, consisting of:

- gypsum plasterboards with a fire resistance of 15 mm thickness, impregnated gypsum plasterboards with a surface treatment are used in the bathrooms: sealing, sanding, penetrating coating in two layers and final treatment.

The installation plane contains:

- wooden grate spruce or fir grate 60 mm thick,

- an intermediate space filled with 60 mm thick mineral thermal and sound insulation,

- vapor barrier made of polyethylene foil 0.16 mm thick.

Skeleton:

- chipboard 12 mm thick,

- frame construction of I beams, flange 45 x 45 mm, height 360 mm, or of beams made of structurally solid spruce wood, dried, planed, galvanized, thickness 360 mm,

- a space filled with thermal and sound insulation made of blown cellulose or mineral wool 360 mm thick,

- chipboard 18 mm thick.

The flat roof covering with a coating waterproofing covering including the underlying geotextile, the PVC-based coating itself and the coated foil can be covered with a layer of washed river gravel 50 mm thick or finished with an extensive green roof with a substrate thickness of 50 to 100 mm

The roof overlap over the terrace consists of wooden slats 48 mounted on extended ceilings treated with glaze. The depth of the roof overlap must be at least 800 mm, the optimal depth is 1,200 mm depth of the terrace.

The roof attic 32 is made as an uninsulated wooden frame structure of the composition:

S K 8957 Υ1

- wood chip construction 12 mm thick, wooden spruce / fir frame construction 100 mm thick, - wood chip board 12 mm thick, lined on the outside with wooden cladding - red spruce profile e.g. 18/100 mm treated with colorless glaze or heat-deep treated red spruce profile e.g. 18/100 mm on a 40 mm thick spruce / fir mounting grid From the inside, a flat roof covering is laid on the roof attic with an overhang, the upper surface of the attic is finished with galvanized sheet metal

The depth of the interior space is formed by the number of used wooden structural module elements, J "beams or glued KVH beams 12 and large-area ob Hadové panels 13, and is a multiple of the basic module grid of 625 mm 30, the smallest module being a multiple of five.

The supporting roof structure is terminated by an attic 32, protected by a roof covering 33 and the roof 50 is flat.

Structural joints are detachable to allow disassembly, in particular to wall panels 2, ceiling panels 3 and slab-foundation panels 4, relocation and reconnection to the original dimensions so that it fulfills its original functions, guarantees static safety, original thermal properties, acoustics and airtightness.

The composition and structural solution of its outer wall panels 2, slab-foundation panels 4, roof and ceiling panels 3 and structural joints allow the wooden structure 1 to be extended or extended by another of a series of modules in length, width, height to shape e.g. L 18, Z 19, U 20, O 21 and superstructures with the help of additionally manufactured and brought for construction construction and retrofitting parts and thus create a space with a different internal layout.

The wooden building 1 according to this technical solution is equipped with a ventilation unit with recuperation operating on the principle of equal pressure ventilation and a distribution duct under the ceiling in insulation with the shortest route to each room so that energy from the heat exchanger is not lost along the way, with fresh air suction through the facade and exhaust 25 exhaust air through the façade with the exclusion of leaks, and where the joints of the components to each other and the joints of the components and windows and doors are covered with airtight insulating tapes, the ductility values according to the Blower-Door test are max. 9 are structurally designed so that the heat transfer through the structures is such that the specific heat demand for heating does not exceed 15.4 kWh / m ² year.

Heating in the living rooms is provided by electric direct heating radiant panels 26 and in rooms with ceramic tile floors by electric direct heating heating cables.

Photovoltaic panels 42 for generating electricity are mounted on the roof.

The structural composition of the materials and their order reduces the bulk density of the materials from the exterior to the interior and increases the diffusion impermeability, and the whole structure is designed as a diffusion-open composition 41.

On the south and west façade walls 60 to 90% of the glazed window openings 7 are located and on the south façade the entrance 6 with the entrance door can be placed, on the north, east wall there are one to four small glazed window openings 8 and at most one entrance door.

Glazed large window openings 7 and small window openings 8 are fitted with windows with insulating triple glazing with insulated frames, windows are mounted in the perimeter cladding by means of mounting brackets, joints between window frames and structural elements of the building are covered with airtight insulating tapes

The window surfaces are shaded by the structural overlap of the façade and roof with fitted slats 48 and external blinds are designed as additional shading. In front of the window surfaces shaded by the structural overlap of the perimeter wall, there is a self-supporting terrace44.

Ceiling panels 3 are laid on the outer wall prefabricated elements and anchored according to the project static solution, which at the same time form the supporting part of the flat roof 50. All prefabricated parts, i. The wall panels 2, the ceiling panels 3 and the slab-foundation panels 4 are prefabricated in the production hall, where they are joined to such dimensional lengths and heights that they can be transported to the construction site as large as possible. The joints are strapped in the production hall with airtight insulating tapes. At the same time, the production hall is prepared for the routing and installation of indoor installations, such as heating cables, and outdoor installations, such as facades and ducts 25, technical wiring such as ventilation ducts, and technical equipment such as ventilation units, photovoltaic panels 42 , and other technical equipment so that only their assembly takes place on the construction site.

The peripheral wall panels 2 are connected to each other with stainless steel or galvanized thread-forming screws into the openings prepared in the production hall and to the plate-base panel 4 with galvanized angles anchored with thread-forming screws.

The peripheral wall panels 2 are built on a foundation sill which aligns with the edge of the slab-foundation panel 4 and are anchored to the foundation slab. The assembly of the perimeter wall panels 2 starts in one corner

With K 8957 Υ1 construction and continues by connecting other panels around the perimeter. Upon completion of the perimeter of the first floor, the supporting internal partitions 39 are similarly assembled.

The ceiling panels 3 are also connected to the assembled perimeter walls by threaded screws. The number of screws is 3 to 7 pieces for the corner joints of the perimeter wall panels 2, for ceiling panels 3 the number may be higher and depends on the length of the joined panels, the number of angles is 2 to 7 pieces depending on the length of the connected panel.

The internal partitions 39 are connected to each other by galvanized self-tapping screws, to the circumferential wall panels 2 by threaded screws into the openings prepared in the production hall and to the plate base panel 4 by galvanized angles anchored with threaded screws.

The inner partitions 39 are connected to the circumferential wall panels 2 and to each other by a tongue and groove joint.

Special types of plate-type wood screws for joining sandwich panels and solid wood profiles without pre-drilling, conventional wood screws, clips and nails for joining large-format boards and carpentry fittings, such as stirrups for hanging ceiling joints, are used as connecting fittings in this type of building construction. beams or lecturing feet under the pillars.

Perimeter wall panels 2, ceiling panels 3 and slab-foundation panels 4 are, according to the project, insulated and lined on the outside / inside with insulating and cladding panels 13. This is followed by the installation of window and door frames and window and door wings 6, and large window openings 7 and small window openings 8, and sealing the joints with airtight insulating tapes. After this stage of assembly, a Blower-Door test is performed - a test of the tightness of the joints and the airtightness of the wooden building envelope. If the test results are within the values required in the project, the installation of indoor installations such as heating, outdoor installations such as façade and ducts 25, technical wiring 46 such as ventilation ducts, and technical equipment such as ventilation units, photovoltaic panels, and other technical equipment. If the test results are higher than the values required by the project, leaks are detected, corrected and retested. This is followed by the installation of internal plasterboard wall and ceiling boards, installation of wooden floors, installation of special waterproof wall cladding panels in the bathroom and kitchen, sealing joints, laying tiles, grouting tiles, installation of sanitary items including faucets, kitchen units, electrical appliances, lighting fixtures, lighting equipment and interior paintbrush. At the same time, regulation, tests and revisions of technical equipment, such as ventilation units, are performed. photovoltaic panels 42 and other technical equipment and their commissioning. Finally, a self-supporting terrace44 is mounted in front of the window surfaces shielded by the structural overlap of the facade.

Prefabricated, movable modular energy-passive wooden building based mainly on natural materials 1 according to the technical solution can be used for residential purposes, permanent, temporary or seasonal, as an office building, sales stands, kiosks, exhibition stands, special equipment for seniors, kindergartens, school facilities , hostels for socially weaker groups, etc., which then corresponds to the modifications in the layout of the overall equipment and furniture

Taking into account the purpose of prefabricated, movable modular energy passive wooden building 1 based mainly on natural materials, land possibilities, population / users and their requirements, it is possible to describe an example of assembled, movable modular energy passive wooden building 1 based mainly on natural materials relatively broadly dimensionally, functionally and dispositionally modify, as well as the interior space 5 in combination with selected modules of the modular technical solution L 18, Z 19, U 20, O 21 and the superstructure 36, and thus create different combinations of location and size of the functional parts. An essential feature of all variants of the assembled, movable modular energy-passive wooden building 1 based mainly on natural materials is in particular its block shape, roof shape 50, derivation of its dimensions from the basic module grid 30, wall panels 2, ceiling panels 3 and board foundation panels 4. internal partitions 39, relocatable to another place, expandable to L 18, Z 19, U 20, O21a superstructure, foundation and related structures, such as base plate 9, supports 10 and base strips 11, technical equipment, installations, technical wiring, such as are ventilation units, photovoltaic panels 42, and other technical equipment, heating cables, facade, ducts 25, ventilation seals, window and two elements, their location and shading to ensure the elimination of summer overheating of the interior through window openings, entrance 6, slats 48 and exterior blinds, wooden structural module elements, cladding panels, blown cellulose insulation, complete insulation of structures, diffuser knows the openness of structures, reducing bulk density and increasing diffusion impermeability from the exterior to the interior, protection against noise, beams 12, cladding panels 13, facade walls, water vapor open structure, ensuring the required airtightness of joints with insulating tapes, energy passivity of the building, for the human body favorable indoor environment, minimizing dependence on energy and natural resources.

Assembled, movable modular energy-passive wooden building 1 on the basis of mainly natural materials according to the technical solution can be changed in various ways, dimensionally, dispositionally, functionally compared to the described embodiment, extension by another of a series of modules L 18, Z 19, U 20, O21a the superstructure can be arbitrary, multiple and variously combinable and allows to achieve

SK 8957 Υ1 as well as other resulting wooden building shapes, such as a block shape, and the use of another roof shape, such as a flat roof 50, for example a gable roof, a countertop roof and their combinations with each other within a wooden building on individual modules, can be built without an outdoor terrace 44 and can also be built over a part of the building built by classical buildings gradually - brick, monolithic and create as a whole an energetically passive building.

Industrial applicability

Prefabricated, transferable modules, energy-passive wooden buildings, especially natural materials, can be used in the production of wooden buildings. Assumed by suction and small-batch production.

Prefabricated, transferable modular energy-passive wooden building based mainly on natural materials is used in terms of purpose for various types of buildings, e.g. cottages, family houses, office buildings, sales stands, kiosks, exhibition stands, purpose-built facilities for the elderly, kindergartens, school facilities, hostels for socially weaker groups, etc., which is significantly more advantageous especially from a technological point of view, in terms of saving time required from the creation of project documentation to the construction status, but also in terms of reducing the total costs needed to achieve the required parameters of the construction. It can also be used as a superstructure, extension, extension to a building built by classical buildings gradually - masonry, monolithic construction, and it is thus possible to make an energy-passive building as a whole.

The industrial applicability of the assembled, portable modular energy-passive wooden building based mainly on natural materials is given by the main parameters of the solution, which are variable with regard to the requirements of the customer / user and are repeatable in industrial production conditions. The overall character of such a wooden building according to the solution is given mainly by its variability, which is also its main advantage. At present, a number of such wooden structures will be supplied to the market by the applicant.

Claims (13)

CLAIMS FOR PROTECTION A prefabricated, movable modular energy-passive building (1) based mainly on natural materials, in the form of a block (37), consisting of perimeter wall panels (2), ceiling panels (3) and slab-foundation panels (4) and a roof which: they are made in the production hall as prefabricated parts and are assembled and assembled on a concrete plot, forming a closable and covered variable interior space (5) with entrance (6), with window openings (7), (8), with internal partitions (39) separating individual different functional parts, placed on the base plate (9) above the natural terrain on supports (10) with a ventilated air gap of a minimum height of 250 mm and based on simple foundation structures - earth screws, foundation feet and foundation strips (11), characterized in that that it contains an installation plane, consisting of board-foundation panels (4), in which the installation distributions are led, which consists of a wooden grate at least 60 mm thick, the intermediate space when filled with mineral thermal and sound insulation of a thickness of at least 60 mm and a barrier made of polyethylene foil of a thickness of at least 0.16 mm; a load-bearing structure is arranged on the installation plane, which consists of a frame structure of I beams, a flange 45 x 45 mm, a height of 300 mm, or wooden beams; and perimeter wall panels (2) made of chipboard of a thickness of at least 12 mm, fixed in a frame structure, of a fibreboard diffusely open board of at least 13 mm thickness, also fixed in the frame structure, forming an interspace filled with blown cellulose or mineral wool and mineral wool function. insulation thickness of at least 300 mm; wherein the circumferential wall panels (2) comprise a pre-preparation for the distribution of networks and are provided on the outside with large-area cladding panels (13); the interior space is divided by internal partitions (39), each of which consists of a wooden frame structure clad on both sides with 12.5 mm thick gypsum plasterboard or impregnated gypsum plasterboard for coated bathrooms; a roof (50) is arranged on the supporting structure, which is formed by the supporting roof structure by a flat roof covering with a waterproofing covering including the underlying geotextile, the roof (50) comprises a roof overlap, which is formed by wooden slats mounted on extended ceilings where the roof depth minimally exceeds 800 mm and where the supporting structure and the large-area cladding panels (13) are a multiple of the basic modular grid (30) of 625 mm, the smallest modulus being a multiple of five and 80 to 90% of the window area located on one wall of the prefabricated wooden building. is oriented to the south. Prefabricated, movable modular energy-passive wooden building (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the depth of the interior space is formed by a multiple of the basic modular grid (30). Prefabricated, portable modular energy-passive timber structure (1) according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the load-bearing roof structure is terminated by an attic (32) which is made as an uninsulated wooden frame structure, the roof (50) being flat and consisting of a PVC-coated coating alone or a coated foil covered with a layer of washed river gravel 50 mm thick, or terminated by an extensive green roof with a substrate thickness of 50 to 100 mm. Prefabricated, movable modular energy-passive timber structure (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structural joints are detachable to allow disassembly, in particular to perimeter wall panels (2), ceiling panels (3) and slab-foundation panels (4), relocations and reconnections to their original dimensions. Prefabricated, movable modular energy-passive wooden building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composition and construction of its outer wall panels (2), slab-foundation panels (4), ceiling and roof panels (3) and structural joints are adapted for expansion or extension by another of a series of modules for length, width, height to shapes, e.g. L (18), Z (19), U (20), O (21) and superstructures to create a space with a different internal layout. Prefabricated, portable modular energy-passive wooden building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is equipped with a ventilation unit (22) with recuperation on the principle of equal pressure ventilation and a distribution duct under the ceiling in insulation with the shortest route to each room with fresh air intake and exhaust air exhaust (25) through wall perimeter panels, and wherein the joints of the components to each other and the joints of the components and windows and doors are covered with airtight insulating tapes, the perimeter walls, roof structure and base plate having a specific heat demand. heating maximum 15.4 kWh / m ² year. Prefabricated, portable modular energy-passive wooden building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises heating electric direct heating radiant panels in living rooms and electric direct heating heating cables in rooms with a ceramic tile floor. S K 8957 Υ1 Mounted, movable modular energy-passive building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that photovoltaic panels (42) for generating electricity are mounted on the roof. Prefabricated, movable modular energy-passive wooden building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims based in particular on natural materials, characterized in that the peripheral wall panels (2), ceiling panels (3) and slab-foundation panels (4) are formed of materials arranged so as to have a decreasing bulk density from the exterior to the interior and an increasing diffusion impermeability, the whole construction being designed as a diffusely open composition by water vapor. Prefabricated, portable modular energy-passive building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that 60 to 90% of the glazed window openings (7) are located on the south and west façade walls and that the entrance is located on the south perimeter wall (6) with entrance doors and on the north, east wall there are one to four small sandblasted window openings (8) and a maximum of one entrance door. Prefabricated, portable modular energy-passive wooden building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that large window openings (7) and small window openings (8) are fitted with insulated triple glazed windows and insulated frames, the windows being of the perimeter cladding mounted by means of mounting brackets, the joints between the window frames and the structural elements of the building are glued with airtight insulating tapes and the boundaries are filled with insulation based on polyurethanes and foam. Prefabricated, movable modular energy-passive wooden building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the window surfaces are shielded by structural overlapping perimeter walls and roofs with mounted slats (48). Prefabricated, portable modular energy-passive wooden building (1) according to Claim 12, characterized in that a self-supporting terrace (44) is arranged in front of the window surfaces shielded by the structural overlap of the façade.