SK6616Y1 - Metod for heat treatment colony of bees and aquipment for implementation this metod - Google Patents

Abstract

The heat treatment to ensure the death of bee colonies bee parasites in the inside of the extension (1) of the hive by conversion shortwave electromagnetic radiation of long-wave thermal radiation is based on raising the temperature to a value greater than 40 ø C in the insider of the extension (1) beehive by secondary thermal energy (93 ) of the active surface (361) photo-absorption member (36) thermo-solar wall (3) of the sun's rays (10) or from any other heat radiation generator (60), and / or by means of primary heat energy (91) of the active photo-absorption layer (72) thermo-solar frame (7), when the sun's rays (10) and / or other heat generated by the radiation (60) penetrate into the inside (11) of the extension (1) of the hive in photoabsorbent layer (72) of thermo-solar frame (7). The invention also provides a device for carrying out this method.

Description

The technical solution belongs to the field of beekeeping, namely the breeding of Apis colonies and relates to a method of heat treatment of bee colonies in bee hive, when the life regime of bee colonies is positively influenced by means of control of temperature regime inside bee hive. This allows early spring development of bee colonies and reduces populations of unwanted species, such as the Varroa destructor mite.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The bee Apis mellifica (mellifera), or honey bee, is damaged by the highly invasive parasite Varroa destructor, also known as the Bee tick. It is a parasitic mite that comes from Asia. The Apis ceranajas bee there, thanks to long-term coevolution with this mite, genetically equipped with regulatory mechanisms to reduce its colony population to a level that does not kill the colony. However, the honey bee has no natural defenses against this newly coming mite. At present, the Varroa mite is a significant and difficult-to-solve problem in the breeding of the Honey Bee. Varroasis threatens bee colonies worldwide and has not yet been introduced to Australia alone. Varroase is therefore considered to be the most widespread and serious disease of bee brood and adult bees worldwide. All developmental stages of Varroa feed on hemolymph, the blood of bees and bee brood. This not only depletes the host's body of nutrients, but also causes loss of hemolymph through numerous skin injuries. In addition, Varroa also transmits the causative agent of many serious viral infections of bees and, without human treatment, causes the death of the infected bee colonies within two to three years of colonization. Weakening of the bee colonies will cause their winter deaths and allow a series of other bee diseases to perish. The development cycle of Varroa destructor takes place at the honey bee on the sealed fruit of laborers and lambs. Just prior to wrapping, the fertilized female passes from adult bees to bees. After capping, it lays mostly 2-5 eggs on the erect larvae and the preculture. The egg hatches a six-footed larva, the next stages are protonymph and deuteronymph. Sexually mature males develop within seven days and females within nine days. Males after mating still die in the cell and fertilized females attach to the young bee and complete their development. They leave the cell with it. Females live on a working-room or a shed for a few days (2 - 60), until they are relocated into cells again and begin to lay eggs. Tufts are characterized by flying into foreign hives, so they become the main carriers of this parasite. Similarly, the workers carry the attached ticks to the surrounding bee colonies, when flying or robbing.

Several different methods and practices are currently used to reduce the proliferation of Varroa mites in colonies. The first is the method of chemical treatment with substances of artificial origin. These are substances that are not naturally found in nature and are produced by the chemical industry. These are, for example, fumigation or contact acaracids. The disadvantage of chemical treatment with these substances is that there is accumulation of toxic substances in humans in bee products such as honey and wax. At the same time, the toxic value of the commodities is reduced as compared to the same organic products. The active substances of some drugs already show undesirable resistance to mites.

The second method of varroase treatment is based on the application of so-called. soft chemistry. It is a treatment with chemicals that occur naturally in nature. They are, for example, formulations containing formic acid, essential oils, lactic acid, alcohol or also traps with flavoring substances called pheromones. The disadvantages of using these preparations are possible residues, i.e. residues of more or less toxic substances which are difficult to degrade. Another disadvantage of this method is that organic acid formulations can impair fetal development and shorten the life expectancy of adult bees. Their use creates problems with their low or only short-term efficiency. Moreover, these substances do not sufficiently affect the developmental stages of the mites hidden under the waxy cell lids. Complementary application of synthetic substances in the form of fumigation, aerosolization, insertion of long-term acaricidal bands, spring fetal coatings, etc. is also very common. These chemical combating methods compensate for the lack of efficacy of soft chemistry agents.

Another way of reducing mite populations is biotechnological methods that do not use chemicals at all. An example of a biotechnical process is the method of using tuft combs as an attraction to female mites. However, this method can only be effective in certain parts of the year, usually from April to July, when Trudčina is present. The problem with this method is relatively high labor intensity, the necessity of strict adherence to the deadlines of carving and removal of parasitic tinder fruit. In addition, according to some studies, carving cuts reduces honey yield by up to 30% and also promotes the swarming of bees.

Biophysical methods are also used to reduce or eliminate mites in the colony. This category also includes the method of heat treatment of bee colonies. It is well known that even a relatively small temperature increase above the normal fetal temperature, ranging from 33 to 36 ° C, damages mites or

SK 6616 Υ1 causes their death. Also, the Indian bee, as the originally host species of the Varroa mite, purposefully heats its working-woman fetus more than the tinder fruit. Therefore, the mites in this Asian species are kept only at the developmental stages of tinder. Since they do not parasitize on workers, they do not interfere with the viability of society as a whole.

To date, the method of heat treatment of bee colonies against Varroa destructor has not been developed to such an extent that it can be used on a larger scale in conventional beekeeping operations. The heat treatment of bee colonies is ranked among the professional community as alternative treatment methods which are completely ineffective or unusable in practice for whole colonies. Varroáza (Dr. Friedrich Pohl, VÍKEND 2008, p. 55) describes a method of heat treatment of honeycombs without bees. Under research, not operational conditions, the honeycombs are free of bees and are heated in a heating cabinet for a period of time so that only the mites and no bee fruit die. This heat treatment technique is only suitable for scientific experiments, as the temperature differences are very small and the consequences for bees have not been investigated yet.

In terms of the application of the thermal effect to the entire colony, two processes can be distinguished. The first procedure is based on heating the hive environment for several hours at a lower temperature of 40 to 42 ° C, which is time and equipment consuming. Bees are confined to the hive at all times and their leaflet is closed or significantly narrowed. It is therefore necessary to provide oxygen to the trapped bees during several hours of heating so that the hive does not cool down at the same time. The carbon dioxide produced must also be removed without heat loss. The temperature must be controlled so that it does not exceed the dangerous limits and that the trapped bees do not die. Adult bees bear lower temperatures than the treated fetus. This requires the installation of precise thermostatic control mechanisms. The beekeeper must be present and must control the operation of all life support mechanisms of closed colonies. In order to spread the warm air from the heat source throughout the hive space, it is necessary to increase the spacing between the combs and apply a forced air circulation system in the hive, for example using a fan. This requires not only additional technical equipment, but also the need to disassemble the hives. Therefore, any method based on disassembly of individual bees and the long-term heating of each hive by a source of artificial heat is expensive, technically demanding and largely unusable.

The second research application of heat treatment is based on a very strong but short-term heating of the hive interior up to more than 50 ° C in a few minutes. A longer time interval of such a strong heating would kill the bees. The disadvantage of this procedure is that the heat effect does not affect the mites on the fetus, because the necessary inside heating of the combs will not occur in a few minutes. Here, the mite with its developmental stages survives and only those mites that are currently on the bees are affected. However, about 80% of all bee mites are hiding on the fruit under the protection of the waxy lid. Therefore, this method is not and cannot be sufficiently effective in practice as it will not remove most parasites at all. This method is also risky. If the colony as a whole is exposed to high temperature for several minutes longer than optimal, bee larvae may be dropped from the honeycomb cells, disrupted bee fetal development or even the death of older bees. This may ultimately have worse consequences for bee colonies than the damage done by the mite itself.

Various devices for heat treatment of bees against varroase are known. For example, CZ 235489 describes a solution where a heat exchanger is located at the bottom of the chamber and at the top there are controllable openings for the removal of warm air from the chamber. Furthermore, a known solution is disclosed in WO2012108857 A1, where a ridge body is mounted in the interior of the hive above the crate, connected by means of a cable to a power source, which in combination with a heater, electronic control unit, temperature sensor and optional diagnostic system varroasis in bee colony. GR1005196 B2 discloses a method and apparatus for the thermal treatment of bee colonies. The method consists in the fact that the bee population is exposed to a temperature of 40 degrees in the hive for 12 minutes, when a stream of hot air is passed through the turbine through a duct to the bottom of the hive. The hot air is sucked in by the turbine again, creating a closed hot air circuit in the hive.

The problem of most of the solutions published so far lies in the limited possibility of their practical application. Heat treatment is not usually applied to the whole colony, but many devices work on the basis of heat treatment of honeycombs without honeycombs, honeycombs without bees, etc., which is very laborious and essentially unusable in commercial practice where the beekeeper has to serve hundreds to thousands of colonies. In order to achieve the thermal killing effect of the mites, structurally complex and therefore expensive devices are used which depend on external power sources. These have movable and therefore also wear parts subject to wear during use, making their use in apiculture practice more difficult.

Technical solutions and procedures that can be applied to entire colonies are also known. For example, in Včelárství 7/2012, p. 231, a mite disposal device is described, which is based on the assumption that the mite perishes at a temperature of 40 ° C, but the bee survives for a short time at 50-55 ° C. The disadvantage of this solution is, besides laboriousness and low efficiency, the fact that the whole colony is treated with the same controlled temperature by inserting it into thermoboxes equipped with thermostats, whereas adult bees tolerate temperatures much lower than young bees, larvae and pupae. Thus, if the whole hive is trapped in a hive and the hive is heavily heated, there is a risk that older bees may die or even suffocate the whole hive unless it is technically demanding

EN 6616 Υ1 oxygen supply and carbon dioxide removal. All without heat loss, which would reduce the heating efficiency. Devices that can safely treat entire colonies with a precisely controlled temperature without bee mortality are therefore very expensive.

Bee hives must maintain a temperature of at least 33 ° C at the time of fruiting, at the expense of the metabolic combustion of carbohydrate reserves, namely honey and sugar. Temperature is of utmost importance for the spring development of bee colonies. For example, it is known that colonies in urban areas have a more rapid development in several weeks than colonies in the wild. This is because the urban climate is usually 2 - 3 ° C warmer than in the free country. Commonly used hives are not equipped with equipment that would allow the generation of thermal energy for early spring development and thus facilitate and accelerate the development of bee colonies. They also do not have equipment to supply them with water in the early spring. For her, the bees fly out of the hive and embrace waterers. The combination of these unfavorable facts reduces the yield of honey from early flowering cultures and also decreases flight activity and bee pollination performance.

US 4494528 A discloses a method of heat treatment of colonies using solar energy. The movable solar collector can be adjusted in two positions when it is mounted above the hive in one position and tilted towards the sun in the other position. In this position, the hive is overheated by solar energy when cold air is sucked from the hive interior into the piping system where it is heated by the collector and then returned to the hive. The disadvantage of this solution is the fact that the start and end of the thermal heating requires manipulation with the solar collector, which is very laborious and also time consuming.

The object of the present invention is to introduce a new method of heat treatment of bee colonies which effectively reduces the abundance of the Varroa destructo population without chemical treatment. The second positive effect is to improve the thermal comfort of bee colonies and their better development in spring. The technical solution significantly reduces the incidence of Varroa parasites in all developmental stages, but at the same time does not tend to seek 100% efficiency at the first treatment. Full eradication of parasites is achieved only after repeated application of heat treatment in a given year. Since the whole colony is not treated at once and once, there is no need to trap adult bees sensitive to high temperature in the hive. There is therefore no risk of heat loss at the time of treatment. There is no need to apply expensive thermoregulatory mechanisms. On the basis of the possibility of spontaneous departure of adult bees from the area dangerous for them, the different sensitivity of different aged bees against the elevated temperature is respected. The high temperature resistant bee fetus undergoes heat treatment without consequences. However, it is completely free from parasitic mites that reproduce on it. The lifetime of the heat treatment device is at least as long as the lifetime of the beehive, i. j. decades.

The essence of the technical solution

The stated objective is largely achieved by a technical solution, which is a method of heat treatment of bee colonies to ensure the death of bee parasites in the interior space of the hive superstructure by converting shortwave electromagnetic radiation into long-wave thermal radiation. greater than 40 ° C by the secondary thermal energy of the active surface of the solar thermal photoabsorbent member from the sun's rays or other thermal radiation generator, and / or through the primary thermal energy from the active photoabsorbent layer of the thermosolic frame when the rays and / or generated other thermal radiation penetrate the interior space of the hive superstructure to the photoabsorbent layer of the thermo-salt frame.

The invention furthermore relates to a device for performing heat treatment of bee colonies to ensure the death of bee parasites in the interior of the attachment by converting shortwave electromagnetic radiation into long-wave thermal radiation, wherein the attachment for generating primary thermal or secondary thermal energy, or simultaneously producing primary thermal energy. the secondary thermal energy is provided either with a thermosolar wall with a photoabsorbent member that contains an active surface and a radiant surface, or is equipped with a transparent window on the side, with a thermosolic frame fitted with an active photoabsorbent layer facing towards the window; the extension is simultaneously equipped with a thermosolar wall with a photoabsorbent member comprising an active surface and a radiating surface and, on the other hand, a transparent window, In the inner space of the extension there is a thermo-solar frame, which is equipped with an active photoabsorbent layer situated towards the window.

In a preferred embodiment of the device, the window is formed by a transparent outer member and / or an inner member, wherein a conduit for retaining condensed liquid is mounted on the transparent inner member of the window.

In an optimum case, the thermosolic frame in the interior of the extension is guided parallel to its front wall so that a front panel is formed between the thermosolic frame and the inner window member.

SK 6616 Υ1 the chamber of the ascending flow of warm air and at the same time there is free space above the upper face and the lower face of the thermo-salt frame.

In an optimum embodiment, the thermosolic wall consists of a frame built into the side extension and / or in the form of a ceiling and comprises a transparent inner element adjacent to the photoabsorbent member and / or a transparent outer element, wherein an enclosed space is formed between the outer element and the photoabsorbent member.

It is also advantageous if a transparent thermo-insulating foil is placed in the enclosed space of the thermosoluble wall to increase the greenhouse effect.

The present invention achieves a higher effect in that the present method of bee heat treatment and bee hive temperature control apparatus effectively reduces parasites, using a method of bee heat treatment that respects the different sensitivity of different bees to temperature and uses the possibility of using energy from solar radiation or other source of radiant heat. Beekeeping itself is time-saving, production and operating costs are very small, and the equipment can be applied to hive systems already in use.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Specific embodiments of the invention are schematically illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic side section of a colony heat treatment device; FIG. Fig. 2 is a schematic of heat treatment of the colony in the spring development mode; Fig. 3 is a diagram of the heat treatment of a colony against varroasis in summer mode; Fig. 4 is a schematic side section of a beehive with heat treatment of the colony using an external thermo-energy element; 5 and FIG. 6 are schematic side sections of the device in alternative embodiments.

The drawings which illustrate the present invention and the examples of specific embodiments thereof described below do not in any way limit the scope of protection given in the definition, but merely illustrate the nature of the invention.

EXAMPLES

The apparatus for carrying out the heat treatment of the colonies shown in FIG. 1 is formed by a frame extension 1 formed on the hive bottom 2, the upper part of the extension 1 being adjoined by a thermo-solar wall 3 realized in the form of a ceiling above which a removable lid 4 is placed. The window 5 is formed by a transparent outer and inner member 51, 52, realized, for example, by glass panes, and a groove 6 is fastened to the transparent inner member 52 of the window 5. the inner space 11 of the adapter 1 is provided with a fetal body 8, between which and the front wall 12 of the adapter 1 there is placed a thermosollar frame 7 consisting of an inner thermal insulation layer 71 oriented towards the fetal body 8 and an outer active photoabsorbent layer 72 oriented towards the window 5 7, in the interior 11 of the extension 1 extending parallel to its front wall 12 such that a forward warm air flow chamber 111 is formed between the thermosolic frame 7 and the inner member 52 of the window 5, and at the same time a free space is provided above the upper face 73 and lower face 74 of the thermosolic frame 7. The thermo-solar wall 3 is formed by a frame 31 formed at the top of the extension L. In the frame 31, for example, glued, transparent inner and outer elements 32, 33 are realized by perfectly transparent glasses or a glass assembly. A closed space 34 is formed between the inner member 32 and the outer member 33, in which a transparent thermo-insulating foil 35 is placed to enhance the greenhouse effect. Below the inner member 32 is a photoabsorbent member 36 realized, for example, as a sheet having an active short-wave absorbing surface 361. electromagnetic radiation and a radiating surface 362 emitting long-wave thermal radiation.

In FIG. 2 shows the course of a solar method of heat treatment of bee colonies in the spring development mode. The shortwave electromagnetic radiation in the form of sun rays 10 passes through the transparent outer and inner members 51, 52 of the window 5 and impinges on the active photoabsorbent layer 72 of the thermosolic frame 7, thereby converting the shortwave light radiation into longwave heat radiation. The primary thermal energy 91, generated on the active photoabsorbent layer 72 of the thermosolic frame 7, flows in the interior 11 of the extension 1 first upwardly through the front chamber 111 along the thermosolic frame 7 up to the ceiling level of the extension 1 realized as thermosolic wall 3.

SK 6616 Υ1 proceeds under the thermo-solo wall 3 in the horizontal direction further into the extension 1 above the fetal body 8, which is thus heated. The metabolic heat 92 emitted by the fetal body 8 is maintained by the thermal insulation layer 71 of the thermosolic frame 2 in the interior 11 of the extension L As the temperature decreases, especially at night, the transparent inner member 52 of the window 5 cools and condenses atmospheric moisture there. The liquid flows spontaneously by gravity into the groove 6 where it accumulates. Bees drink this liquid in the morning and therefore do not have to fly for water outside the hive.

In FIG. 3 shows the course of a solar process of heat treatment of colonies against varroasis in summer mode. In the basic arrangement, a thermally insulating removable lid 4 is placed above the ceiling thermosolic wall 3 and the action of sunlight from above is inactive. After removal of the lid 4, the sun rays 10 in the thermosamples wall 3 pass through a transparent outer element 33, a transparent thermal insulation film 35, a transparent inner element 32 and impinge on the photoabsorbent member 36 where the active surface 361 is transformed by solar radiation 10 93. In the confined space 34, a greenhouse effect is also produced by the transparent inner member 32, the transparent outer member 33, and the translucent thermal insulation film 35 when the secondary thermal energy 93 released from the active surface 361 of the photoabsorbent member 36 is directed back from the outer member 33 towards the photoabsorbent member 36. The secondary thermal energy 93 accumulated in the thermosamples wall 3 is radiated to the interior space 11 of the adapter L by means of the radiant surface 362 of the photoelectric absorber. e 11 of the adapter 1 is further influenced by the primary thermal energy 91, which is generated in the form of a warm air stream on the active photoabsorbent layer 72 of the thermosollar frame 7. Active interaction of both thermal energies 91, 93 occurs and the temperature increases throughout the interior 11 of the adapter 1. a value greater than 40 ° C. Due to the increasing temperature, the fetal body 8 is heated, inside which live bee parasites 20 are located. These are killed by the elevated temperature and gradually fall to the bottom of the hive 2. Adult bees 30, which could be dangerous to heat, are moved to the lower parts of the interior 11 of the attachment 1 or are collected in front of the flyer 121 of the attachment 1 before excess temperature. The heat treatment is terminated by fitting the lid 4 onto the thermosolic wall 3. The bees 30 then return to the fetal body 8 after spontaneously lowering the temperature and the normal state as before the heat treatment is established.

The thermal treatment of the colony in the hive's internal environment is effected either by the primary thermal energy 91 generated on the active photoabsorbent layer 72 of the thermosolic frame 7, or by the secondary thermal energy 93 radiating from the thermosolic wall 3, or by the interaction of the primary thermal energy 91 and the secondary thermal energy 93. energies 91, 93 allow a temperature of more than 40 ° C to be achieved in the entire interior 11 of the extension 1, resulting in the death of bee parasites 20. With regard to the health of bees and their fetus, the exposure time of the heat treatment depends wall 3, from the ambient temperature of the hive, the intensity of solar radiation and also the thermal insulation properties of the whole hive system.

If the hive is perfectly sealed, the distance of the furthest point of the fetal body 8 from the thermosamples wall 3 does not exceed 36 cm, the ambient temperature ranges from 28 to 33 ° C, the cloud coverage does not exceed 20% of its area; without gaps, the leaflet 121 of the attachment 1 remains open at a height of 1 cm and at a temperature of at least 40 ° C at the extreme point of the fetal body 8, the heat exposure time of the interior 11 of the attachment 1 is set at two hours. However, the described most suitable heat treatment conditions for bee colonies are not universally valid and its effect is also influenced by other factors, such as the hive system used or other unspecified natural conditions. Thus, the thermal exposure time in the interior 11 of the adapter 1 is variable.

The described method of heat treatment of bee colonies and the apparatus for carrying out this method is not the only possible embodiment of the invention, since the primary thermal energy 91 or the secondary thermal energy 93 can be obtained by thermal radiation from a non-solar source. For example, by means of a thermoenergy member 40 with a heat radiation generator 60 in the form of hot air or electrical resistance, or a bulb, or a hot liquid, or flame, or a thermal accumulator, the adapter 1 need not be provided with a window 5 as shown in FIG. 4. Furthermore, the secondary thermal energy 93 can be obtained not only from the thermo-solitary wall 3 realized in the form of a ceiling, but can be laterally incorporated into the extension 1, as can be seen from FIG. 5. In an alternative embodiment, the thermo-solar wall 2 may comprise only an outer element 33 realized by a perfectly transparent glass and a photoabsorbent member 36 adapted to convert short-wave electromagnetic radiation into long-wave thermal radiation. Furthermore, the device intended primarily for the treatment of bee colonies in the spring development mode can only be provided in the extension 1 with a transparent window 5, and in the interior 11 of the extension 1 is then fitted with a thermosollar frame 7 which is provided towards the window 5 with an active photoabsorbent layer 72 FIG. 6. The device may also comprise one or more extensions 1 below the fetal body 8.

SK 6616 Υ1

Claims (7)

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Method for heat treatment of bee colonies to ensure the death of bee parasites in the interior space of the hive superstructure by converting shortwave electromagnetic radiation into long-wave thermal radiation, characterized in that the temperature in the interior space of the hive superstructure is increased to more than 40 ° C by secondary thermal energy ) an active surface (361) of a photoabsorbent member (36) of a thermosolic wall (3) from sun rays (10) or from another heat radiation generator (60), and / or by primary thermal energy (91) from an active photoabsorbent layer (72) the frame (7), when the sun rays (10) and / or generated other thermal radiation (60) penetrate into the interior space (11) of the hive superstructure (1) onto the photoabsorbent layer (72) of the thermosolic frame (7). Apparatus for carrying out heat treatment of bee colonies to ensure the death of bee parasites (20) in the interior space (11) of the attachment (1) by converting shortwave electromagnetic radiation into longwave thermal radiation, characterized in that the attachment (1) for generating primary thermal energy (91) or secondary thermal energy (93), or for the simultaneous generation of both primary thermal energy (91) and secondary thermal energy (93), it is provided with either a thermal insulation wall (3) with a photoabsorbent member (36) comprising an active surface (362) and, on the other hand, a transparent window (5) formed in the side, wherein in the interior (11) of the extension (1) there is fitted a thermosampler frame (7) which is provided towards the window (5) with an active photoabsorbent layer (72). Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the window (5) is formed by a transparent outer member (51) and / or an inner member (52), wherein a transparent inner member (52) of the window (5) is provided. a groove (6) is attached to receive the condensed liquid. Apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 3, characterized in that the thermosolic frame (7) is guided in the interior space (11) of the extension (1) parallel to its front wall (12) so that between the the front chamber (111) of the ascending flow of warm air is formed by the thermosollar frame (7) and the inner member (52) of the window (5), and at the same time there is free space above the upper face (73) and lower face (74). Apparatus for carrying out the heat treatment of bee colonies according to one of claims 2 to 3, characterized in that the thermosola wall (3) consists of a frame (31) built into the extension (1) from the side and / or in the form of a ceiling. Apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the thermosola wall (3) comprises a transparent inner element (32) adjacent to the photoabsorbent member (36) and / or a transparent outer element (33), wherein a closed space (34) is formed between the outer member (33) and the photoabsorbent member (36). Apparatus for performing a heat treatment of bee colonies according to claim 6, characterized in that a transparent thermo-insulating foil (35) is arranged in the enclosed space (34) of the thermosamples wall (3) to increase the greenhouse effect.