SK548790A3 - Device for peeling and/or grinding of grains - Google Patents

Description

Ciblast techniques

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an apparatus for peeling and / or abrading grain grains of air, and in particular to such an apparatus for peeling and abrading grain or cereal grains with a minimum of crushing or breaking of these grains, with sufficient versatility to change the effect of without stopping the device.

State of the art

Air peeled or abraded cereal grain abrasives are well known and many types of such devices are available on the market. These types of devices, however, were designed as air purge processing chambers with a cylindrical buffing rotor and a polygonal mesh surrounding the rotor, because it was believed that the use of these polygonally angled screens would increase the efficiency of the equipment due to the obstruction created by the corners of the polygon. on moving grains, which were supposed to cause grinding of the grains themselves when they were in these corners, while achieving a more effective aging effect. However, experience gained over many years using these devices has shown that these corner spaces, rather than causing an allegedly more effective grain interaction on each other. there were spaces where the grains were accumulating, where the grains did not rub against each other at all and remained in the original state of bera for the entire processing period.

To overcome these drawbacks, a new generation of air peeling and abrasive devices has been developed, which has used specially shaped mesh members to prevent the formation of an unprocessed grain cluster in the processing chamber. This new generation includes, for example, the apparatus described and shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,960,065, 4,292,890 and 4,583,455 (Felipe Salete, Applicant), which disclose air peeling and abrading equipment comprising a grain processing chamber, which is formed between a highly improved rotor and a screen, the screen being a cylindrical cranked screen surrounding the abrasion rotor, in front of which a screw conveyor is provided for forcibly conveying the flow of recruitment grains to said rotor. The most preferred of these devices is the device described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,583,455, which can be considered a remarkable improvement of the known devices. The overall design of the device of this patent includes a processing chamber formed in a specially shaped situation and a rotor that allows more efficient abrasion and abrasion of the grains with less possibility of crushing.

The rotor assembly with the sieves of U.S. Pat. No. 4,583,455 essentially comprises a set of sieves constituted by vertically arranged alternating portions of screen material and abrasive / abrasive / material assembled into a screen retaining member that includes a plurality of vertical channels in which adjustable abrasive sections having adjustable in the form of an abrasive / abrasive block, while the alternating screen portions are gripped by said abrasive blocks against the walls of said channels, thereby forming alternating abrasive grain abrasive parts disposed between respective alternating screen portions to allow rapid flow of flour, dust, debris and other contaminants .

However, the known apparatuses described are not capable of processing different types and qualities of grains without having difficulty adjusting, which can therefore only be carried out when the apparatus is completely stopped so that this adjustment can be performed for a batch of grain of different quality or characteristics to be processed. including grinding equipment,

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a device for peeling and abrading grains which is sufficiently adaptable to process grains of various kinds and qualities without requiring difficult alignment of the working elements.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide a grain peeling and abrasion device that is of very simple construction and, moreover, is capable of increasing or decreasing the energy of the grain abrasion effect without requiring a long mill shutdown time.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a grain peeling and abrasion device which is capable of high abrasive or weak abrasive but highly abrasive effect on the grain along its processing chamber.

Finally, it is an object of the invention to provide in particular a grain peeling and abrasion device which, by very simple means, ensures the forced delivery of grains to its processing chamber.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The air-peeling and / or abrasive grain peeling and grinding device according to the invention is characterized by the fact that it consists of an approximate cylindrical housing divided into interconnected first, second, third and fourth longitudinal parts, of a hollow shaft arranged concentrically in said a cylindrical housing and rotatably supported in bearings housed in a separate chamber arranged concentrically in the first longitudinal portion of the housing, the hollow shaft extending along the length of said first, second and third housing portions, from a rotary drive coupled

4 to the end of the hollow shaft of the outer compartment, from an air inlet duct connected to the driven end of the hollow shaft to allow air to flow into the hollow shaft cavity, from a grain conveying pressure screw conveyor mounted on said hollow shaft in a concentric chamber arranged in the second part of the housing , from a grain feeder for continuously feeding the grain mass into said concentric chamber of the second housing part to be lifted by said pressure auger, from an abrasive rotor mounted on the shaft hollow just behind the pressure auger and from the third housing part adjusting its eccentricity towards the hollow shaft and rotor, wherein the screen system consists of a plurality of screen portions separated by a corresponding number of alternating abrasion portions, the screen system being secured by a third housing part against said rotor, m the eccentricity adjusting mechanism consists of an annular plate with a pair of opposing arms, the free end of one arm being rotatably mounted on the housing and the opposite arm engaged with the plate-to-side transfer mechanism for moving said arm in one of the two opposite directions; the screen mounted on said plate will be moved to the side for adjusting its eccentricity towards the hollow shaft and rotor, to change the force of the abrasive effect on the grains by the abrasive rotor and the screen from the grain outlet on the cylindrical wall of the fourth housing; a particulate air outlet formed by the annular spaces formed between the outer walls of the third and second housing parts and the screen in the third housing part and the concentric chamber in the second housing part, from the exhaust air conduit containing the particles arranged in the first part and from an air exhaust system connected to said exhaust air duct.

The apparatus of the described device preferably consists of abrasive rings mounted on the hollow shaft and spaced apart by means of alternating spacers also mounted on the hollow shaft between the abrasive rings, the spacers having a smaller diameter than the abrasive rings between each of the expansion pairs to form expansion chambers. The spacer rings and the hollow shaft are provided with matching radial holes to allow air to pass through said expansion chambers to carry the dust, flour and burrs released by the abrasive effect of said abrasive rings, while the grain mass remains under reduced compaction pressure due to expansion expansion.

According to a further feature of the invention, the dispenser comprises a horizontal conduit connected to the concentric chamber of the second housing part, a screw conveyor in the horizontal conduit, the horizontal screw conveyor having a shaft extending out of the horizontal conduit, a drive engaged with the shaft group outside the horizontal conduit. , and from a vertical conduit connected to a horizontal conduit for supplying grain to the auger by gravity.

According to a preferred embodiment, the grain feeder comprises an inclined piping connected to the concentric chamber of the second portion of the grain guide housing by gravity into a compression screw conveyor mounted on a hollow shaft. The screw conveyor comprises a screw with smooth surfaces on both sides. Alternatively, the worm may have a smooth rear side and an abrasive front or active side.

According to a further feature of the invention, the plate-like transfer chanism consists of a fork mounted on a housing, the fork having vertically extending protrusions at each end thereof and an annular plate arm arranged such that its free end is positioned between said protrusions, and in each of them

6, a bolt is screwed in the threaded hole with the cone of its shank inwardly and supported on one side of the arm end, one of the bolts being tightened while the other is loosened and said arm is displaced laterally to adjust the eccentricity of the annular plate and assembly a screen attached thereto to the hollow shaft and rotor.

The screen assembly preferably comprises a screen holder, a plurality of vertical abrasive elongated blocks arranged around the circumference of said holder, and a corresponding number of vertical screen portions alternately arranged between the abrasive blocks.

The screen assembly may also include a screen holder, a plurality of abrasive rings arranged horizontally along the length of the holder, and a corresponding number of cylindrical screen portions alternately arranged between the abrasive rings.

In this case, each of the abrasive rings consists of a radial flat cylindrical body provided with a central circular opening of a suitable hole for mounting on a hollow shaft of the device, and its outer edge being a circumferential surface formed into two identical opposing portions formed by a first circumferential portion of a portion for engaging the first peripheral portion with the peripheral lobed portion with a diameter greater than the diameter of the first peripheral portion, wherein the peripheral lobed portion with a larger diameter continues radially inwardly facing the cam surface of the abrasive shoulder ring and the cam end is relatively a straight portion, the other end of which is connected to a second peripheral portion which coincides with and lies directly opposite to the first peripheral portion, the remaining edge of the ring being coincident with its the first half.

- 7 Overview of the figure in the drawings

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will now be explained in more detail by way of non-limiting examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 shows a front view of a peeling and abrasion device according to the invention in a preferred embodiment, FIG. Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of the second and third housing portions of the peeling and abrasion device in another embodiment of the invention, wherein the dispenser chute structure and the eccentricity adjustment mechanism are visible; 3 shows a plan view, partly in section, of the eccentricity adjustment of FIG. 2, FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an eccentricity adjustment mechanism in an enlarged scale whose motif is a displacement for measuring eccentricity against a rotor; FIG. 5 shows partial elevational views of a third housing part with a preferred embodiment of the screen and rotor, sacrifice. 6 is a sectional view taken along line 6--6 of FIG. 5, seen in the direction of the arrows, FIG. Fig. 7 shows a partial elevational view of a third housing part with a further preferred embodiment of the screen and rotor; 8 is a sectional view taken along line 8-8 of FIG. 7 seen in the direction of the arrows, FIG. Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the lines 9-9 of Fig. 7, seen in the direction of the arrows; Fig. 10 shows a plan view of one abrasive ring used in the rotor of a device according to the invention; 11 is a perspective view of a rotor formed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the abrasive rings can be seen in a positive operating position with respect to the direction of rotation thereof; and FIG. 12 is a view similar to FIG. 11, but shows the abrasive rings in the negative action position with respect to the sense of their rotation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The peeling and abrasion device shown in FIG. 1 essentially consists of a grain processing housing formed of four vertically arranged approximately cylindrical portions 1, 2, 3, and 4 that engage at their ends so as to form a grain processing housing of the device of the invention.

The lower or first portion 7 has an outer cylindrical wall 5 provided with a flange 10 at its lower end adapted to be connected to a corresponding flange of an air reservoir or pneumatic airflow system as will be described in more detail below. The outer wall 2 ^e j of the female cylindrical wall 6 of the establishment konjory to receive a suitable amount of deposits, such as the upper ball bearing 11 and the lower ball bearing 1 2, for rotatably supporting the hollow shaft 13th

The cavity 14 of the shaft 13 forms a conduit for the air flowing through the rebound and into the device for blowing through and cleaning it. The chamber 7 formed between the walls 5 and 6 is provided on its upper part with an exhaust conduit 8 which forms an annular conduit for air and particulate vcin contained outside of the device by an exhaust pipe provided with a suitable flange for connecting a suitable exhaust system (not shown).

By means of a suitable mounting means 16, a motor 15 is mounted on the outside of the first part 5 for driving the hollow shaft 13 by means of a suitable gear as shown in FIG. 1, which consists of a pulley 17 of a motor 15, a pulley of a shaft 13 or more of a belt 18 passing through a suitable opening 20.

It should be noted that the chamber 7 is divided into two separate portions through the wall of the exhaust conduit S, wherein the wall portion 5 provided with the opening 20 is not exposed to the flow of air passing through the device, considering that the air to the hollow shaft 13 comes from a pneumatic suction system (not shown) which, by suction, causes air to flow directly into the shaft 14 of the shaft 13 without any direct communication with the chamber 7 »

The other second housing part 2 is mounted at the upper edge of the outer wall 5 of the first part 7 by suitable treatment and comprises an outer cylindrical wall 21 and an inner cylindrical wall 22 to form a chamber 23 that forms an annular exhaust air conduit containing particles directed downwards into the the exhaust duct 8 of the first housing part 11. A worm conveyor 31 is provided in the inner wall 22 through which the hollow shaft 13 extends and is fixedly connected to the shaft 13 so that it rotates together. The screw conveyor 31 is provided with a screw blade or screw 32, the effective or front surface of which may be provided with abrasive material to perform more efficient abrasion of the grains to remove their husk.

A horizontal grain feeder 33 is mounted at the bottom of the inner cylindrical wall 22. The dispenser 33 consists of a horizontal conduit of conduit 35 which is introduced into the second housing part 2 by an outer cylindrical wall 21 and is welded or otherwise hermetically connected to the inner cylindrical wall 22 to isolate the grain flow from the air conducting chamber 23. The horizontal conduit 35 is connected to a vertical conduit 34 provided with a flange for attaching a grain container (not shown) from which the grains are removed by a feeder 31, which feeds them to the device.

A suitable bearing 37 is mounted at the free end of the conduit 35 for rotatably receiving the worm conveyor shaft 36. This shaft is driven by a pulley 38 located in the conduit 35 as shown in FIG. 1, and connected the belts 39 to another pulley 40 provided on a drive motor 41 mounted externally on the horizontal conduit 35 by suitable means.

The following third housing part 3 is fixed at the upper edge of the outer cylindrical wall 21 of the second part 2 by any suitable fastening means except for the notches through which the arms of the plate 25 pass, as will be described hereinafter, out of the housing. The third housing part 3 comprises an outer lower wall 42, which is connected to the flange 24 of the outer cylindrical wall 21 and the outer upper wall 43, which is an integral continuation of the inner cylindrical wall 22 but made of a transparent material to allow observation of the material in the chamber 51, formed between the outer top wall 43 and the screen holder 26.

On the flange 24 of the outer cylindrical wall 21, a movable eccentricity adjustment plate 25 is rotatably mounted, which will be described in more detail below, by means of a suitable screw 25, and provided at its other end with a transfer mechanism 58 which will also be described in greater detail below. The annular plate 25 is rigidly connected to the screen holder 26 and to the top lid 27 of the third housing part 3, and this top lid 27 is in no way attached to the transparent outer top wall 43 of the third housing part 3.

Opposite end arms 65 and 66 of the plate 25 are provided with respective tightening levers 29 and 30 to firmly fix its selected position with respect to the remaining elements of the device. These means can be adjusted within reasonable limits of the eccentricity of the mesh holder 26 for the purpose to be explained in connection with the description of the operation of the device.

The described holder 26 carries a cylindrical screen 44 consisting of alternating sections of abrasive material and screen material, wherein in the screen 44 there is a shaft 13 which extends through the third housing part 2, provided with a rotor 45 which forms a continuation of the shaft 13 3 The device according to the invention can have many different configurations, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, there are a plurality of abrasive rings 47 mounted on the shaft 13, spaced by a corresponding number of spacer rings 79 or shaft section 48 of greater thickness, said spacer rings 79 and / or reinforced. the shaft sections 48 are provided with radial holes 46 for the passage of purge air. The rotor end 45 is closed by a suitable cover 49.

The upper or fourth housing part 4 is formed by a cylindrical wall 59 which is fixed to the cylindrical shoulder 60 of the lid 27 of the third part 2 by a pressure connection or the like. and a top cover 61 to form a cylindrical chamber 53. This cylindrical chamber 53 is connected to a processing chamber 50 formed between the screen assembly 44 and the rotor 45 by an annular passage 52 between the cylindrical shoulder 60 of the lid 27 and the rotor cover 49.

The cylindrical wall 59 of the fourth housing part 6 is provided with a suitable grain outlet opening covered by a loaded lid or damper 55 hung on the cylindrical wall 59 by means of a hinge 57 and pushed constantly into its closed position by the weight of the device 56 device.

A very important feature of the invention resides in the eccentricity adjustment mechanism 5S which allows the sieve assembly 44 to be displaced relative to the rotor to adjust the relative positions of said elements either in the exact concentric position of the rotor 45 relative to the sieve assembly 44 or in eccentricity which can vary within approximately 5 millimeters from the center of the rotor 45 to the center of the screen assembly 44 in both directions of displacing the screen assembly 44.

The eccentricity adjustment mechanism 58 is shown in more detail in FIG. 2, 3 and 4, illustrating its use in a peeling and abrasion device formed according to U.S. Pat. No. 4,583,455 for illustrative purposes only, so that it is clear that the eccentricity adjustment mechanism 58 can be used in conjunction with any type of air blow-through equipment for peeling or grinding grain.

As already mentioned, the eccentricity adjustment mechanism 58 of the present invention consists of an annular plate 25 disposed between the second and third housing parts 2 and 4, as is better seen in FIG. 2, to which the bracket 26 with the screen assembly 44 and the lid 27 of the third housing part 2 are attached. The gloss 25, as better shown in FIG. 3 is provided with two outwardly extending arms 65 and 66 which, as already explained in connection with FIG. 1, extend beyond the wall 42 of the third housing part 3. The arm 66 of the plate 25 is rotatably mounted on the flange 24 of the wall 2 of the second housing part 2, as best seen in FIG. 1, by means of a bolt 67 provided with a tightening mechanism comprising a tightening lever 29 which releases an arm 66 for free rotation about the bolt 67 in one position of the lever 29 and which tightens the arm 66 in a predetermined position by moving the lever 29 to the other; tightening positions.

The opposing arm 65 of the plate 25 is provided with an end projection 68 which is disposed both in the eccentricity adjustment mechanism 58, see FIG. 1 and 2, and in a further tightening mechanism, respectively in a tightening lever 30 identical to the lever 29.

The eccentricity adjustment mechanism 53 comprises a fork 62 rigidly attached to the flange 24 having a projection 63 at each end thereof, which is provided with a through horizontal threaded hole in which the respective screw 64 is screwed so that the ends of the screw shank 64 are supported By this measure, when one of the bolts 64 is then tightened while the other is loosened, the projection 68 moves left or right as shown by the double arrow in FIG. Third

FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the plate 25 shown for enlargement. The position indicated by solid lines means the precisely centered position of the plate 25, while the most eccentric position to the right is shown in dashed lines. It goes without saying that the plate 25 can also move to the left by the same angle. The range of movement described is approximately 5 mm both to the right and to the left of the centered position for any type of peeling and / or abrasion device to achieve the desired results.

Although the eccentricity adjusting mechanism 58 can only be effectively controlled by tightening one of the bolts 64 while the other is fully loosened so that the projection 68 can move freely towards this loosened bolt 64, it is preferred that the mechanism 58 be actuated by both bolts 64 so that that one is tightened and the other is loosened, so that the projection 68 is always held firmly in the selected position regardless of any vibrations of the device. The combination of tightening by the tightening levers 29 and 30 and the fixation effect of the screw pair 64 keeps the assembly in a precise fixed selected eccentric or concentric position, while the eccentricity of the bracket 26 and the screen assembly 44 to the rotor 45 is maintained throughout the selected working period.

It is also clear that the eccentricity adjustment mechanism 58 of the present invention allows effective eccentricity reduction even when the grain peeling and / or abrasion device is operated, thereby altering the effect of the grain peeling and abrasion as required or the type of grain the plant processes without the apparatus for changing the distance between the screen system 44 and the rotor 45, either to increase or decrease the abrasion effect on the grains fed to the apparatus, to stop the apparatus, thereby allowing the apparatus to process grains of different kinds and quality without needing to stop it.

As already mentioned, the eccentricity adjustment mechanism 5S may be used with any air blown grain peeling and / or abrasion device, for example the devices described in the prior art, and not only with the device shown in FIG. First

In FIG. 2, the eccentricity adjustment mechanism 58 used in a device having a gravity grain feeder 33, which is an inclined chute / equivalent to the mechanical feeder 33 of FIG. 1 / with an adjustable flange 34 for attaching a suitable grain hopper or the like. /, Not shown /. The screen assembly 44 and rotor 45 of FIG. 2 are as in U.S. Pat. No. 4,583,455, wherein the rotor 45 consists of a rigid cylindrical body with a plurality of vertical grooves comprising a corresponding number of abrasive blocks 74 and a sieve assembly 44 comprising a plurality of vertically arranged abrasive sections spaced between a corresponding number of alternating sieve sections. The eccentricity adjustment provided by the mechanism 58 described above allows the sieve assembly 44 to be positioned closer or further away from the abrasive rotor blocks 45 at one peripheral point of the processing chamber 50, thereby increasing or decreasing the abrasive effect, thereby increasing or decreasing the peeling or abrasion effect of the device. , as has been found, particularly suitable for rice processing.

Another very important feature of the invention is the formation of the screen system 44 and the rotor 45 of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 and 5 to 12 as described below.

Although the sieve and rotor assembly 44 'shown in Figure 1 to 12 can be used to peel and / or ground a large range of cereals and grains, including, but not limited to, rice, wheat, soybean, sunflower, saffron and the like, it has been found that this new sieve and rotor assembly 44 is most suitable for peeling and grinding rice grains, with the following analysis relating to these grains without sucking in; it has been limited to these grains within the scope of the invention.

In order to investigate the behavior of many kinds of rice grains produced worldwide, the broadcaster has carried out intensive experiments suggesting that there is nmo rice that responds better to abrasion in the hard part of the plant than to the abrasive effect of the grains between it and vice versa. . Protó, the rotor 45 shown in the figures is designed to provide a device which, by simply reversing its active position with respect to its sense of rotation, would be able to exert an appropriate effect on each type of rice, either by not increasing or reducing the effect of abrasion or abrasion. , but without suppressing abrasion throughout the process.

By bringing the mass of grains in the processing chamber 50 of the device of the invention into rotation by moving the rotor 45, the grains are rubbed against the static abrasive elements of the sieve assembly 44, thereby achieving maximum abrasive effect. This effect can be considered as the main action on grains that removes the first layers of grease and husk from the grain, in addition with the abrasion effect described above, thereby breaking down and grinding the grains.

SilpAiHO CiOSclŽO * ·

However, it should be pointed out that although the rotor 45 does not necessarily have to be abrasive, it is very advantageous to provide it with a hard surface so that the grains rub against it and rotate due to its rotation. The use of abrasive materials for the rotor 45 in the device of the invention will therefore promote an abrasive effect which will accelerate the scraping of the grains to remove the skin, but other non-abrasive materials may also be used as these materials may form a hard surface as described above. These materials can be hardened rubber, polyurethane or metal materials such as steel, iron, etc.

Accordingly, according to the present invention, there is provided a new rotor 45 having such an embodiment that, in addition to significantly increasing the plant's production capacity and peeling efficiency, it will also be possible to easily adjust the peeling effect by simply reversing its working position, abrasive than abrasive or more abrasive than abrasive, depending on the active position, which also makes it possible to obtain grains with a surface more or less smooth. The new rotor 45 according to the invention also allows better circulation of purifying purge air through the entire grain mass, allowing the production of cooler products with fewer surface defects caused by the adhered flour or bran on the grain.

In FIG. 5 and 6, a screen 44 and rotor assembly 45 is shown disposed in a third housing part 3 that includes a lower outer cylindrical wall 42 connected to the second part. 2 shows the housing as described in FIG. 1, in addition to the two opposing slots 77 and 78, which are provided to allow the arms 66 and 65 of the plate 25 of the mechanism 58 to adjust the eccentricity outwardly beyond the wall 42 for the purpose described above. The lower outer cylindrical wall 42 is connected by means of a suitable fastening strip 69 to the upper cylindrical transparent wall 43 which is provided in a position suitable for observing the interior of the chamber 51 for assessing the operation of the device.

As described in FIG. 1, the rotor 45 mounted on the shaft 13 is embodied in accordance with the invention in that it comprises a plurality of abrasive rings 47 whose construction will be described in more detail below, spaced apart by suitable

17 such as the spacer rings 79 shown in FIG. 11 and 12 or the thickened sections 48 of the shaft 13 as shown in FIG. 1, with a smaller diameter in which many holes 46 connect the cavity 14 of the shaft 13 to the processing chamber 50 to allow the air to pass completely through the sieves to remove dust, flour and debris generated in the device, through the sensor to the outlet chamber 51.

The reduced diameter of the spacer rings 79 or thickened sections 48 compared to the diameter of the abrasive rings 47 thus allows the formation of many expansion chambers in which the grain pressure is released and compact The grain mass is disengaged to allow more free air flow and more efficient removal of particles released from the grain by abrasion and abrasion 44 sieves and rotor 45

The screen assembly 44 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 e.

it consists of a bracket 26 which is formed by a plurality of vertical channel members 72 connected to each other suitable for each other, such as a lid 7 at their upper end and a plate 25 at its lower end so as to form an integral unit with them. A corresponding number of abrasive blocks 74 provided with adjustable screws 73 are provided in the channel members 72 to adjust their radial position to increase or decrease the gap between the abrasive blocks 74 and the rotor abrasive rings 47, as shown in FIG. 6th

The rotor 45 is provided at its apex with a suitable lid 49 for fixing the position of the abrasive rings 47 and spacer rings 79i. The sieve assembly 14 is complemented by a plurality of vertically arranged sieve portions 75 alternating between each pair of abrasive blocks 74 and attached to the channel members 72 of the holder 26 a net by side corner mesh strips 76 interposed between the block 74 and the bottom of the channel member 72.

Fig. 7, 8 and 9 show another embodiment of the invention in which the rotor 45 is identical to the rotor 45 described in connection with FIGS. 5 and 6, but with a modified screen assembly 44 comprising a holder 26 formed by a plurality of rods 80 rigidly connected at the top by the lid 27 so that the rods SO extend into the aperture in this lid 27 and connected below by the plate 25 plate 25, as shown in FIG. 7. A plurality of horizontal annular plates S1 are spaced and fixed along the entire height of the rods SO, which in turn carry a plurality of brackets S2 for fastening the annular abrasive blocks 74, as shown in FIG. 8. Between each pair of abrasive blocks 74 are alternately arranged and fixed cylindrical sieve portions 75.

This embodiment of the invention makes it possible to carry out the peeling and abrasion stepwise in such a way that the grain, as it moves upwardly through the processing chamber 50, is first rubbed between the lowest rotor abrasive ring 47 and the lowest annular abrasive block 74 of the screen 44 to allow dust and debris to be released. from the abutment portion 75, which follows upwards and so on until the grain has passed the entire length of the processing chamber 50.

The greater effect of the rotor 45 constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention will be best understood with reference to FIG. 10, 11 and 12, which illustrate the construction of each ring 47 of the rotor 45 and the arrangement of the rings 47 along its length.

The rings 47 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention are made of an abrasive material, although, as already mentioned, they can be made of other materials provided that they have a hard surface for performing abrasion of the grains so that the grains are effectively driven around the axis of the device.

As shown in FIG. 10, each ring 47 is provided with a central bore 89 for mounting on the hollow shaft 13 and a plurality of holes 88 for fixing the ring 47 together with the spacers 79 to the unit on the shaft 13 for camping with it. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the edge of the ring 47 is shaped as a cam whose contour repeats every half of the circumference of the ring 47.

The edge of the ring 47 is a peripheral surface 86 that is provided in two opposite portions by forming a curved outwardly rising portion 87 to connect the peripheral portion 86 to the peripheral lobed portion 83 with a diameter greater than the portion 86. The peripheral lobed portion 83 with maximum diameter continues radially an inwardly directed surface which forms a shoulder 84 on the cam surface of the abrasive ring 47, and from the inner end of the shoulder a cam surface terminates in a relatively straight portion S5, the other end of which is connected to a second opposite peripheral portion 86 the cam surfaces on the ring 47.

Depending on the position in which the rings 47 are mounted on the shaft 13, which rotates in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 11 and 12, the rings 47 will perform an abrasive or positive action on the processed grains, or a centrifugal or negative action on the grains as shown in FIG. 11 and 12.

Fig. 11 shows the ring 47 fixed so that when the rotor 45 so formed rotates in the direction of the arrow, the rings 47 will develop, in view of the front active position of the shoulder 84, a drag or pull effect on the grain (positive action) which increases the peeling force. or abrasion action, due to stronger abrasion, while in the position of the ring 47 shown in FIG. 12, where the shoulders 84 are arranged in the opposite position, the rings 47 will act on the grains by centrifugal action (negative action), which will reduce the effect of peeling or abrasion.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the opposite arrangement of the rings 47 shown in FIG. 11 and 12 may be modified as necessary to separately attach each ring 47 to the shaft 13, the alternator of the positions of the ring 47 in any possible arrangement to perform individual positive or negative actions of the ring 47 so that any desired peeling or giant effect can be achieved. seování zrn.

Therefore, it is clear that the particular design of the preferred embodiment of the screen and rotor assembly 44 described above allows a wide variation in the peeling or abrasion effect of the present invention with a high degree of adaptability to different types of cereals and grains without the need for the apparatus itself. edit. For example, the leg rings 47 may be arranged such that they are all in the positive effective position shown in FIG. 11 or all may be arranged in the negative effective position shown in FIG. 12 or legs may be arranged individually in any alternating position between two extreme arrangements to achieve a wide range of different effects on the grain to be processed.

The combination of the screen assembly 44 shown in FIG. 7 and 8, with the rotor 45 described above, also allows a wide range of operation of the device. For example, when the sieve assembly 44 of FIG. 7 and 8 combined with a rotor 45 comprising a set of rings 47 arranged alternately in opposite positions along the rotor 45, so that the positive-action rings 47, as described above, face abrasive blocks 74 of the mesh assembly 44 and the negative-action rings 47. facing the sieve portions 75, the grains leading up into the processing chamber 50 will first pass through a portion where there will be a strong peeling effect, after which they will come loose as they pass through the spacer ring 79 which follows to allow the skin and bran to come loose. arising in the first stage to then sieve through the sieve part 75 of the sieve system 44 where the negatively positioned ring 47 will exert a finer but abrasive effect on the already peeled grain and thus give the entire length of the processing chamber 50 until the desired degree of peeling and grain abrasion is achieved. depending on the number of stages used.

The peeling and / or nepheo grinding apparatus of the invention operates in a manner that is common to most air purge devices of this type, i.e., air and grain streams are simultaneously routed to the device to pass it in predetermined paths as follows:

a continuous grain mass is guided by a mechanical or manual feeder 33 to the bottom of the second housing part 2 to be lifted by a screw conveyor 31 which compacts the grain and forces it into the processing chamber 50 in the third housing part 2 where the grain is peeled and / or abraded between the rotor 45 and the sieve assembly 44 to release dust, flour and bran. The processed and cleaned grain is pushed by recruitment through an annular passage 52 into the upper fourth part 4 of the housing of the apparatus where it rests on the loaded lid or damper thereby allowing the grain to leave the ground 54 and has been greased in the tank or storage area of the mill.

The air flow is introduced by gentle vacuum by suitable means, such as a pneumatic exhaust system (not shown) connected to the exhaust manifold 9 of the device, into the cavity 14 of the shaft 13 to flow through the recruitment load. The air leaves the cavity 14 through many of the aeros 46 provided in the rotor portion 45 of the shaft 13 to completely clean the entire volume of the processing chamber 50.

The fact that the air flowing through the device is at a slight vacuum means that it does not escape from the device through the loaded lid 55 and, instead, is forced to flow across the grain processing chamber 50 to a certain pu55 pressure to open the device through the exit glass.

- 2? whilst simultaneously carrying with it dust, chips and bran generated in the processing chamber 50 as previously described.

Air containing said particles flows through the processing chamber 50 through the apertures in the sieve part 75 of the sieve assembly 44 and into the annular chamber 51 in the third housing enclosure part 3 to pass thereafter through the annular chamber 23 of the second housing part 2 and finally into the exhaust line 8 of the first housing part 7 to exit the apparatus through the exhaust duct 9, sucked off with a pneumatic suction device for extracting flour and bran and removing dust, as is common practice in grain mills.

Claims (14)

An air peeling and / or abrasive device, characterized in that it comprises an approximately cylindrical housing divided into interconnected first, second, third and fourth longitudinal portions, a hollow shaft arranged concentrically in a cylindrical housing and rotatably mounted in bearings housed in a separate chamber arranged concentric in the first longitudinal portion of the housing, the hollow shaft extending along the length of said first, second and third housing portions, from a rotary actuator connected to the hollow shaft end outside the separate chamber; a shaft for allowing air to flow into the hollow shaft cavity, from a grain conveying screw conveyor mounted on said shaft shaft in a concentric chamber arranged in the second housing part, from a grain feeder for continuously feeding the grain mass to said concentric shaft a second part of the housing to be lifted by a pressure auger, an abrasive rotor mounted on the shaft cavity just behind the pressure auger and in a third housing part, of a screen assembly mounted on a mechanism for adjusting its eccentricity towards the hollow shaft and rotor, a plurality of screen portions separated by a corresponding plurality of alternate abrasion portions, wherein the screen assembly is mounted in a third housing portion opposite said rotor, the eccentricity adjustment mechanism consists of an annular plate with a pair of opposing arms, the free end of one arm being rotatably mounted on the housing and the arm is in engagement with a plate-like displacement mechanism for moving said arm in one of the two opposite directions, wherein the screen assembly mounted on said plate will be moved into the barrel to adjust its xcentricity towards the hollow shaft and rotor, to change the abrasion effect on the grain by the abrasive rotor and the sieve, from the grain outlet on the cylindrical wall of the fourth housing part, the outlet being closed by a loaded lid, from the air containing particles formed by the annular spaces formed between The walls of the third and second housing parts and the screen in the third housing part and the concentric chamber in the second housing part, from the exhaust air duct containing the particles arranged in the first housing part and from the air exhaust system connected to said exhaust air duct. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the abrasive rotor is comprised of abrasive rings mounted on a hollow shaft and spaced apart by means of alternating spacers also mounted on the hollow shaft between the abrasive rings, the spacers having less than the abrasive spacers. rings for forming grain expansion chambers between each pair of abrasive rings, the spacers and hollow shafts being provided with expanding radial holes to allow air to pass through said expansion chambers to carry dust, flour and burrs released by the abrasive rings of said abrasive rings it remains in the expansion chamber under reduced compression pressure due to expansion. 3.Equipment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the grain feeder consists of a horizontal conduit connected to the concentric chamber of the second housing part, of a screw conveyor in that horizontal conduit, the horizontal screw conveyor having a shaft extending outside of the horizontal conduit, of the drive engaging the shaft of the outer horizontal conduit, and of the vertical conduit connected to the horizontal conduit for feeding the grain to the auger due to gravity. 25 4. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the grain feeder comprises an inclined conduit connected to the concentric chamber of the second portion of the grain guide housing by gravity into a push snow conveyor mounted on the hollow shaft. 5. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the grain compressing screw conveyor comprises a screw with smooth surfaces on both sides thereof. 6. The apparatus of item 1 or 2, wherein the grain-compressing screw conveyor comprises a screw having a smooth rear side and an abrasive front or active side. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said plate displacement mechanism comprises a fork mounted on said housing, said fork having vertically extending protrusions at each end thereof and said annular plate arm being arranged such that said free end thereof is disposed between said studs and each of said threaded holes transversely of a bolt with a cone of its shank extending inwardly into the fork and resting on one side of the arm end, tightening the bolts while the other is loosened and said arm being displaced laterally to adjust eccentricity an annular plate and screen systems mounted thereon to the hollow shaft and rotor. 8. The apparatus of item 1, characterized by 26, in that the screen assembly comprises a screen holder, a plurality of vertical abrasive elongated blocks arranged around the periphery of the screen holder, and a corresponding number of vertical screen portions alternately arranged between the abrasive blocks. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the screen assembly comprises a screen holder having a plurality of abrasive rings arranged horizontally along the length of the screen holder and a corresponding number of cylindrical screen portions alternately arranged between the abrasive rings. 10. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein each of said abrasive rings comprises a cam flat cylindrical body provided with a central circular bore of a suitable diameter for mounting on the hollow shaft of the device, and its outer edge being a circumferential surface provided in two identical opposing portions. formed by a first peripheral portion of the predetermined piercer followed by a curved outwardly rising portion for connecting the first peripheral portion to the peripheral lobed portion with a diameter greater than the first peripheral portion, the peripheral lobed portion with a larger diameter continuing radially inwardly facing surface the abrasive shoulder ring and from the inner shoulder end the cam surface is terminated by a relatively straight portion, the second end being connected to a second circumferential portion which coincides with the first circumferential portion and lies directly the remaining edge of the ring coinciding with its first half. 11. The apparatus of clause 9 » - 27, wherein the rings are made of abrasive material. 12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the rings are made of a non-abrasive hard surface material. 13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the spacer rings are separate rings mounted on the hollow shaft. 14. The device according to claim 9, wherein the spacer rings form an integral part of the hollow shaft.