CN111451144A - Adsorption and multi-stage screening type peanut pod cleaning and impurity removing system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an adsorption and multi-stage screening type peanut pod cleaning and impurity removal system and method, comprising: a feeding device, an air separation device and a vibration screening device; the feeding device intermittently feeds the air separation device; the In the process of the material sliding down to the vibrating screening device by the action of gravity, the air separation device performs negative pressure adsorption on the light impurities in the material; the vibrating screening device includes a multi-stage screen and two rotating shafts vibrating at a certain angle. The motor, the multi-stage screen mesh as a whole vibrates in a compound rotation type, and the multi-stage screen meshes are installed at different angles to allow the material to generate fluidity during the screening process, and remove impurities larger than peanut pod particles and peanut pods. and small particles of impurities are screened out respectively and discharged from the discharge ports at different positions of the screens of each layer. The technical scheme of the present disclosure adopts the combined use of air separation adsorption and multi-stage screening, which is of great significance to the improvement of the peanut cleaning and impurity removal technology and the improvement of economic and economic benefits. The adsorption-type peanut pod cleaning and removal system can obviously improve the cleaning and removal effect of peanuts.

Description

A kind of adsorption and multistage screening type peanut pod cleaning system and method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural product processing, and in particular relates to an adsorption and multistage screening type peanut pod cleaning and impurity removal system and method.

Background technique

The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

Peanuts are widely used by people because of their wide use and high nutritional value. As the most important harvest of peanuts, peanut kernels have rich edible value and nutritional value, and have high medicinal value, which can reduce the stress after meals. In response to elevated blood sugar, peanut kernels can be made as food and beverage accessories for kernel foods, and peanut kernels can also be used to extract peanut protein and make peanut meal. In addition, a large number of by-products will be produced after peanut processing. Comprehensive utilization and deep processing of them can extend the industrial chain and increase economic value. The roots, stems and leaves of peanuts have good medicinal value and social benefits. They can be used as raw materials for Chinese herbal medicines to extract resveratrol, which can help fight cancer and treat cardiovascular diseases, and can also be processed into feed to feed livestock and poultry; Peanut shells can extract natural antioxidants and natural yellow pigments. As food additives, they can be used to prepare activated carbon adsorbents, make dietary fibers, and can also be used as edible mushroom culture materials to cultivate oyster mushrooms and straw mushrooms. raw materials to make organic fertilizers. Peanut red clothing can extract peanut red clothing pigments and polyphenols to treat diseases. Peanut red clothing also contains long-chain saturated fatty acids that have skin care effects and other substances that play an important role in human health care. Peanut is one of the important crops in my country. The cleanliness of peanuts after picking will affect the deep processing and application of peanuts.

Peanut is an important oil crop in my country. Due to the large planting area and high yield of peanuts, my country has a large demand for peanut processing machinery. During peanut harvesting, whether it is a large peanut harvesting machine or a small peanut harvesting machine, cleaning is an important operation in peanut harvesting. After the peanuts are picked by the fruit picking machine, there will be some impurities such as stones, broken soil, stems, and immature shriveled fruits. These impurities will affect the subsequent processing of peanuts, so it is necessary to remove impurities to obtain clean peanuts. Therefore, the peanut cleaning and impurity removal process is the primary problem faced in the deep processing of peanuts. At this stage, although peanut cleaning machinery is widely used, in the peanut cleaning operation, the peanut loss rate is large, the impurity rate is high, the operation efficiency is low, the labor cost is high, and the grading effect is not obvious. Therefore, it is necessary to improve and optimize the parameters of the existing peanut cleaning device, so that the cleaning device can separate peanuts and impurities in the process of cleaning and removing impurities, reduce the loss rate and impurity rate of peanuts, improve the peanut grading effect, and ensure the follow-up. The deep processing of peanuts went on smoothly.

At present, cleaning and impurity removal devices are mainly divided into three types according to the cleaning and impurity removal principle: screening, airflow cleaning and airflow sieve cleaning. The device that uses screening or air cleaning alone has the disadvantages of high impurity content of peanuts after screening and low device efficiency. Currently, the most widely used is to use a combination of sieve and air flow to separate and clean at the same time, but how about the sieve and air flow? Combined use is the difficulty of device design.

After searching, Cui Yuzhong of Qingdao Xuguang Food Co., Ltd. invented the peanut stoner (patent number: 201721809928.X). It includes: stone removal device, feeding device and rack. The peanuts are fed into the screen body from the upper hopper. The screen body screens the peanuts under the action of the motor and the connecting rod, and screens the stones mixed in the peanuts to one end of the stone outlet. The screen at the stone outlet can follow the screen. The body vibrates together; a fan is installed to generate air flow into the screen body. Due to the different weights of peanuts and stones, the air flow separates the peanuts from the stones. Through the cooperation of the driving link and the driven link, the peanuts are screened out from the baffle. ; The sieved peanuts fall into the filter holes, the filter holes separate the dust in the peanuts from the peanuts, and then collect through the feeding port; the stones move to a high place under the vibration of the screen, and under the action of the screen stone After being filtered out, it enters the collection box through the lower stone trough to achieve the effect of stone removal.

This device can effectively filter and collect the miscellaneous stones in the peanuts, but the single-layer sieve design of this device is difficult to ensure the cleaning rate, and cannot remove the residual stems and leaves in the peanuts, which affects the subsequent deep processing of the peanuts.

After searching, He Xiaoning, Wang Dongwei, Yue Dansong, Guan Hongmin, Li Hui, Zheng Jinming, Chen Chengying, Ma Ning, and Zhang Qin of Qingdao Agricultural University invented an air sieve combination device for removing impurities for peanuts (patent number: 201811457164.1). It mainly includes: screening device and winnowing device. The peanuts are fed into the single-layer sieve plate, and the sieve plate drives the peanuts to shake under the action of the motor and the connecting rod, and the impurities fall into the bottom of the groove of the fixed plate. Under the action of vibration and gravity, the impurities are separated out of the device through the outlet; The separated peanut pods fall into the wind separation device, and under the action of wind, the impurities such as residual stems, leaves and stalks in the peanuts are removed. The invention can remove the gravel and soil in the peanut pod, and can remove the shriveled fruit in the pod.

After searching, Wang Dongwei, Guan Hongmin, He Xiaoning, Li Xincheng, Chang Zengcun, Yin Shiyang, Xun Guisen, Yang Xiaocheng and Gao Zhen from Qingdao Agricultural University invented a device for removing impurities for peanut pods (patent number: 201822001264.5). It includes: screening device, vibrating device, adsorption device, feeding and discharging mechanism. The peanuts are fed from the feeding port and then fall into the sieve plate. The sieve plate screens the peanuts under the action of the motor, the eccentric wheel and the vibrating connecting rod; Impurities are adsorbed by suction and discharged from the air outlet; small impurities mixed in peanuts fall from the screen, heavy stones are screened out from the high discharge port under the action of reciprocation, and the filtered peanut pods are discharged from the low Sieve out.

The overall shortcomings of the above two devices are: direct feeding leads to easy accumulation of peanuts during the screening process, and the use of a single-layer screen cannot guarantee the screening efficiency. The damage is greater.

After searching, Yuan Wei of Huanglaowu Food Co., Ltd. invented a multi-stage screening peanut stoner (patent number: 201920231682.5). It includes: feeding device, stone removal device, vibration separation device, wind separation device and collection device. The peanuts first enter the vibrating separation device from the feeding port. The vibrating separation device includes two layers of sieve plates, which filter out large particles of impurities and small particles of impurities respectively; the filtered peanut pods enter the air separation device. Peanuts, residual stems and leaves and uncleaned impurities fall into different receiving boxes under the action of the fan to achieve secondary cleaning. The device separates twice, which helps to improve the cleaning rate of impurities in peanuts.

The sieve plate of the vibrating separation device in the invention is a one-way reciprocating motion, which cannot play a good role in the screening of peanuts; in the cleaning process of the air separation device, the separation is mainly carried out according to the weight of peanuts and impurities. The remaining stems and leaves under the action of wind will enter the same material box with the peanut pods, and there will still be a small amount of residual stems and leaves in the separated peanuts.

After retrieval, the peanut fruit impurity-removing and grading air sorter invented by Liu Lijing of Menglian Daiyu Manor Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. (patent number: 201420441627.6). It includes: feeding device, winnowing device and screening device. Peanuts are fed from the hopper, and the bottom of the hopper is provided with a pressure sensor and a time delay switch to control the amount of feeding; a fan is installed on the upper part of the side wall of the air selection chamber, and an air outlet is installed at the same height on the upper part of the other side wall of the air selection chamber. The peanuts fall from the hopper and the fan can air-select the peanuts; the screening device is composed of three layers of screens and controlled by a vibration motor. The three layers of screens are connected as a whole and fixed on the frame by springs. Large particles of impurities, peanut pods and small particles of impurities are produced.

The three-layer sieve plate of the device is a whole, and is connected to the frame through the side spring, which limits the sieving angle of the screen; the inclination angle of the three-layer screen is consistent, and the materials are easy to accumulate; the contact time between the fan and the peanuts Shorter, less effective for the selection of stems and leaves and shriveled fruits in peanuts.

Through the comparative analysis of the above typical peanut cleaning devices, the existing peanut cleaning devices mainly have shortcomings such as poor cleaning effect and poor screening effect. In addition, most of the devices are direct feeding, and there is no intermittent feeding mechanism, which will easily cause peanuts to accumulate during the cleaning process, thereby affecting the screening efficiency.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an adsorption and multi-stage screening type peanut pod cleaning and removing system, which can obviously improve the cleaning and removing effect of peanuts.

To achieve the above object, one or more embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

An adsorption and multi-stage screening type peanut pod cleaning and impurity removal system, comprising:

Feeding device, air separation device and vibrating screening device;

The feeding device intermittently feeds the air separation device;

The air separation device performs negative pressure adsorption on the light impurities in the material during the process of the material sliding down to the vibrating screening device by the action of gravity;

The vibrating screening device includes a multi-stage screen and two vibration motors with two rotating shafts at a certain angle. The multi-stage screen as a whole vibrates in a compound rotation type. During the screening process, fluidity is generated, and impurities larger than peanut pod particles, peanut pods and small particles are screened out respectively and discharged from the discharge ports at different positions of each layer of screen mesh.

On the other hand, in order to achieve the above object, one or more embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

An adsorption and multi-stage screening type peanut pod cleaning and impurity removal method, comprising:

intermittent feeding;

During the process of the material sliding down by gravity, the light impurities in the material are adsorbed by negative pressure;

Multi-stage screening, the material produces fluidity during the screening process, and the impurities larger than the peanut pod particles, peanut pods and small particles are screened out and discharged from the discharge ports at different positions.

One or more of the above technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:

The system of the present disclosure integrates intermittent feeding, air selection and vibration screening into one, and realizes intermittent feeding through a feeding device, avoids material accumulation, ensures the orderly progress of subsequent air selection and screening of materials, and improves the overall efficiency of the system.

The air separation device has a large adsorption force, and a positive pressure fan is used to achieve negative pressure adsorption, so as to avoid the damage to the fan blades caused by the adsorbed impurities. The vibrating screening device is driven by a vibrating motor with two rotating shafts at a certain angle, so that the screen body is vibrated in a compound rotation type (the projection of the vibration track of the vibrating body on the horizontal plane and the vertical plane is a circle or an ellipse), which increases the screen size. The movement dimension of the body improves the screening effect and speed. The vibrating screen adopts a multi-layer screen design and is installed at different angles, which can make the material produce "fluidity" during the screening process to avoid material accumulation, and the screening efficiency is high.

The technical scheme of the present disclosure adopts the combined use of air separation adsorption and multi-stage screening, which is of great significance to the improvement of the peanut cleaning and impurity removal technology and the improvement of economic and economic benefits. The sieved materials are divided into four parts: large impurities, peanut pods, peanut shriveled fruits and small impurities, which are respectively sent to different discharge ports to complete the adsorption, screening and cleaning work. The adsorption-type peanut pod cleaning and removal system can obviously improve the cleaning and removal effect of peanuts.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings forming a part of the present invention are used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention.

1 is a perspective view of an adsorption and multi-stage screening type peanut pod cleaning and impurity removal system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

2 is a perspective view of a feeding device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

3 is a cross-sectional view of a feeding device according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

4 is an internal view of a feeding device according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

5 is an exploded view of the inside of the feeding device according to the embodiment of the disclosure;

Fig. 6 is the feeding device of the embodiment of the disclosure - the axial view of the tensioning structure;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a wind selection device according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a wind selection device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

9 is a full cross-sectional view of an adsorption pipeline according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

10 is a schematic diagram of a Laval tube according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

11 is a front view of a vibrating screening device according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

12 is a perspective view of a vibrating screening device according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

13 is a full cross-sectional view of a vibrating screening device according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

14 is a diagram showing the relationship between the center of mass of the vibration track of the vibrating screening device according to the embodiment of the disclosure;

15 is a front view of a rack of an embodiment of the disclosure;

16 is an isometric view of the frame of an embodiment of the present disclosure;

17 is a three-axis coordinate system diagram of a peanut pod according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

In the figure, the feeding device I, the air separation device II, the vibrating screening device III, the frame IV;

I-01-Upper box, I-02-Middle box, I-03-Feed box, I-04-Lower box, I-05-Large pulley, I-06-Tension mechanism, I-07 -V-belt, I-08- Small pulley, I-09- Stepper motor, I-10- Bearing support, I-11- Upper drive roller, I-12- Lifting hopper, I-1201- Countersunk head Bolts, 13-Rubber Conveyor Belt, I-14-Lower Drive Roller, I-0601- Hex Bolt, I-0602 Hex Nut, I-0603-Spring Washer.

II-01-slide, II-02-positive pressure fan, II-03-adsorption pipe, II-0301-reduction pipe, II-0302-expansion pipe, II-0303-outlet pipe.

III-0101-Vibration Motor A, III-0102-Vibration Motor B, III-02-First-Class Screen, III-0201-First-Class Screen Baffle, III-0202-Sliding Baffle, III-0203-One Two Long end connecting spring of the first and second screen, III-0204-The short end connecting spring of the first and second screen, III-0205- The discharge port of the first screen, III-03- The second screen, III-0301- The second screen Mesh baffle, III-0302-Long end connecting spring of secondary and tertiary screen, III-0303- Short end connecting spring of secondary and tertiary screen, III-0304- Discharge port of secondary screen, III-04-Three Screen, III-0401-Three-stage screen baffle, III-0402-Three-stage screen outlet, III-0501-Screen support disc, III-0502-Screen support spring.

IV-01-upper drive drum bracket, IV-02-lower drive drum bracket, IV-03-motor base plate, IV-04-first receiving box, IV-05-screen support disc base plate, IV-06- The second receiving box, IV-07-collecting hopper, IV-08-wind selection fixing bracket.

Detailed ways

It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular is intended to include the plural as well, furthermore, it is to be understood that when the terms "comprising" and/or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates that There are features, steps, operations, devices, components and/or combinations thereof.

Embodiments of the invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

Example 1

Referring to Figure 1, the present embodiment discloses an adsorption and multi-stage screening type peanut pod cleaning and impurity removal system, including a feeding device I, a wind separation device II, a vibrating screening device III and a frame IV four Part of the structure, the feeding device is located on the side of the air separation device and the vibrating screening device, and the air separation device is located above the vibrating screening device; the feeding device I, the air separation device II, and the vibrating screening device III are all fixed on the frame. superior.

The upper driving drum I-11 and the lower driving drum I-14 fix the feeding device I on the frame IV through the bearing support I-10, and the feeding device sends the material to the sliding plate II-01 of the air separation device II. The air separation device II is fixed on the fixed bracket IV-08 of the positive pressure fan by fixing bolts. The air separation device adsorbs and cleans the residual peanut stems and leaves in the material, and the adsorbed material falls into the first stage of the vibrating screening device III. Screen III-02. The screen support disc III-0501 in the vibrating screening device is connected to the bottom plate IV-05 of the screen support disc by fixing bolts to fix the vibrating screening device on the frame. Screening is carried out in the first-stage screen III-03 and the third-stage screen III-04, and the materials are discharged from the first-stage screen outlet III-0205, the second-stage screen outlet III-0304 and the third-stage screen respectively. The material is discharged from the mouth III-0402, and the screening process is completed.

In the specific embodiment, referring to Figures 2 to 5, the feeding device includes a box structure, and the box structure consists of the upper box I-01, the middle box I-02 and the lower box I-04 from top to bottom The bottom is arranged in sequence to form a cavity structure, the feeding box I-03 sends the material to the cavity structure, and the cavity structure is provided with an upper drive roller I-11 arranged up and down, a lower drive roller, a lower drive roller, an upper drive roller and a lower drive roller. The drive roller controls the distance between the upper and lower drive rollers through the tensioning mechanism I-06, which is convenient to adjust the tension between the drive rollers. The upper drive roller and the lower drive roller drive the rubber conveyor belt I-13 on it to move, and the rubber conveyor belt I-13 The two sides are respectively provided with a hoisting hopper I-12 at an even interval, and the upper driving drum I-11 and the lower driving drum I-14 fix the feeding device I on the frame IV through the bearing support I-10.

The feeding device I is driven by the stepping motor I-09, and the feeding speed can be controlled by using the stepping motor I-09. The stepper motor drives the upper and lower drive drums to rotate to drive the conveyor belt and then the hopper for intermittent feeding. The stepper motor I-09 is driven by the deceleration of the small pulley I-08, the V-belt I-07 and the large pulley I-05 The lower drive roller I-14 is combined with the upper drive roller I-11 to drive the rubber conveyor belt I-13 and the hopper I-12 on it to carry out digging feeding of materials. The hopper I-12 is made of flexible material. The hopper is a deep hopper. The rear wall of the hopper is connected and fixed with the rubber conveyor belt by the countersunk head bolt I-1201. , as the rubber conveyor belt moves to the top, the material is thrown out.

Referring to Figure 6, the tensioning mechanism in the feeding device is composed of a bearing support I-10, two hexagonal bolts I-0601, three hexagonal nuts I-0602, and four spring washers I-0603, which can control up and down The distance between the drive rollers is convenient to adjust the tension between the drive rollers.

The hoisting hopper in the feeding device is a deep hopper structure, the rear wall of the hoisting hopper is connected with the conveyor belt with countersunk bolts, and the edge of the hoisting hopper is flexible to avoid damage to the material.

The upper and lower drive rollers of the feeding device are fixed on the frame with bearing supports, and the bearing support of the lower fixed drive drum is provided with a screw-type tensioning mechanism to adjust the pulling force of the traction member.

Referring to Figure 7 and Figure 8, the air separation device II is composed of a positive pressure fan II-02, a sliding plate II-01 and an adsorption pipeline II-03. can slide down by itself. The air separation adsorption device uses a positive pressure fan and an adsorption pipe to generate a negative pressure adsorption pressure. The center line of the outlet pipe of the adsorption pipe is aligned with the end of the slide plate, so that the adsorption pipe can also negatively affect the peanuts in the process of falling to the screen. Pressure adsorption cleaning.

Referring to Figure 9 and Figure 10, the design principle of the adsorption pipeline will be described in detail below. The adsorption pipeline II-03 is designed based on the principle of Laval tube, mainly including: reducing tube II-0301, expanding tube II-0302 and lead-out Tube II-0303. The principle of negative pressure adsorption of the adsorption pipeline is: the reducing tube shrinks to the Adam’s apple, the cross-sectional area gradually decreases, and the airflow generated by the positive pressure fan gradually accelerates; the expansion tube gradually increases from the Adam’s apple cross-sectional area, and the airflow can continue to accelerate at this time. Without considering the gravitational potential energy, the higher the wind velocity, the smaller the wind pressure, so the wind pressure at the Adam’s apple is lower than the outside atmospheric pressure, and the wind pressure gradually decreases in the expansion tube. The pressure at the Adam's apple is lower than the pressure value in the outstretched tube, which has a certain suction effect on the airflow in the tube, and a negative pressure is formed in the tube at this time. The higher the flow velocity at the throat, the greater the vacuum degree in the negative pressure pipe, and the greater the air separation suction for the sorted materials.

Referring to the accompanying drawings 11-13, the vibrating screening device is composed of three-stage vibrating screens, which are the first-stage screen III-02, the second-stage screen III-03, the third-stage screen III-04, the first-stage screen III-02, and the third-stage screen III-04. A primary screen baffle III-0201 is set on the periphery of the screen, a sliding baffle III-0202 is set on one side of the primary screen baffle, and a primary screen discharge port III is set on one side of the primary screen -0205, the primary screen is placed obliquely, and the two ends are respectively connected to the secondary screen through the long end connection spring III-0203 of the primary and secondary screen and the short end connection spring III-0204 of the primary and secondary screen.

The periphery of the secondary screen is set with a secondary screen baffle III-030, and the two ends of the secondary screen are respectively connected by the long end of the second and third screen with spring III-0302, and the short end of the second and third screen. Connected to the tertiary screen, and a secondary screen outlet III-0304 is set on one side of the secondary screen.

A third-stage screen baffle III-0401 is set around the third-stage screen, a third-stage screen outlet III-0402 is set on one side of the third-stage screen, and the lower part of the third-stage screen is supported by the screen support spring III-0502 Attached to screen support disc III-0501.

In this example, the vibrating screening device is composed of three-stage vibrating screens, and each vibrating screen is connected with a discharge port, so that the screened materials can fall into different positions. After the material slides down from the slide plate II-01, it is taken over by the sliding baffle III-0202 and falls into the primary screen III-02. After screening, impurities larger than peanut pod particles are filtered out. The impurities are removed from the primary screen. The discharge port III-0205 slides down to the first receiving box IV-04, and the peanut pods, peanut crushed fruits and small particles of impurities fall into the secondary screen III-03. The peanut pods are filtered out by the secondary screen III-03, the peanut pods are collected after sliding out from the secondary screen outlet III-0304, and the peanut shriveled fruit and small particles of impurities fall into the third screen III -04. Small particles of impurities are filtered out through the sieving of the tertiary screen III-04. The impurities fall from the tertiary screen III-04 and are collected by the collection hopper IV-07 and then fall into the first receiving box IV-04. And in the second receiving box IV-05, the crushed peanuts slide from the third-stage screen to the discharge port III-0402 of the third-stage screen to complete the material cleaning.

The whole vibration screening device is driven by vibration motor A III-0101 and vibration motor B III-0102. The two vibration motors make the whole three-stage vibrating screen vibrate in compound rotation mode. The installation method of the two vibration motors is: two vibration motors It is installed on both sides of the vibration equipment, and its rotating shaft is at a set installation angle.

The relationship between the center of mass of the vibration track of the vibrating screening device is shown in FIG. 14 .

Two foot-mounted vibration motors are used to adjust the inclination angle of the shaft of the vibration motors through nuts.

In order to facilitate the discharge, the primary screen and the secondary screen in the vibrating screening device are oval plane punching screens, and the third-stage screen is a circular plane punching screen.

In order to prevent the material from gathering to the edge during the vibrating screening process, the plane of each layer of screen mesh can be dented, and there are baffles around each layer of the screen mesh to prevent the material from being thrown out during the vibration process.

In order to prevent the material from generating dust during the vibrating screening process, the whole device is sealed with a transparent plate, and the working conditions inside the system can be observed at the same time.

Referring to Figures 15 and 16, the frame includes a frame body, and an upper drive roller bracket IV-01 and a lower drive roller bracket IV-02 are arranged on one side of the frame body, respectively, for installing and fixing the upper drive roller. And the lower transmission drum, the upper end of the frame is equipped with a wind-selection fixing bracket IV-08, which is used to install the wind-separation device. IV-07, the first receiving box IV-04 and the second receiving box IV-06 can be placed under the collecting hopper.

The rack is provided with a support bracket and a positioning bottom plate to support or position each device. There is a certain gap between the whole vibrating screening device and the frame to prevent the screening device from colliding with the frame during the movement process. The first receiving box IV-04 and the second receiving box IV-06 are not integrated with the frame, and the collected peanut impurities can be processed manually after receiving.

The working principle of an adsorption and multi-stage screening type peanut pod cleaning and impurity removal system of the present disclosure is:

The miscellaneous peanut pods are fed into the feeding box of the feeding device, and the stepper motor drives the lifting hopper on the conveyor belt to intermittently lift and feed the miscellaneous peanut pods. The material is transported to the sliding plate and slides downward under the action of its own gravity. During the sliding process, the air separation device adsorbs the remaining light impurities such as stems and leaves in the material. The material adsorbed by the air separation enters the primary screen driven by the vibration motor, and the vibration motor drives the screen to vibrate through the bottom support, so as to achieve the purpose of screening the material. The sieved materials are divided into four parts: large impurities, peanut pods, peanut shriveled fruits and small impurities, which are respectively sent to different discharge ports to complete the adsorption, screening and cleaning work. The above workflow is then repeated for each station.

The feeding speed of the lifting hopper is controlled by controlling the speed of the stepping motor to realize intermittent feeding; the air separation device designed based on the principle of Laval tube, in the process of sliding the material from the slide plate to the screen under the action of gravity, the material in the material is Negative pressure adsorption of light impurities such as dry stems and leaves; the screening device is driven by a vibration motor, multi-layer screens are designed with different installation angles, and the screens are connected by springs to buffer the vibration of each layer of screens. The whole is connected to the frame through the bottom spring to provide a fixed support point for vibration, and each layer of screen mesh is set with different positions of the discharge port.

Embodiment 2

The purpose of this embodiment is to provide a kind of working method of adsorption and multistage screening type peanut pod cleaning and impurity removal system, including:

Feeding device intermittent feeding;

During the process of the material sliding down by gravity, the air separation device performs negative pressure adsorption on the light impurities in the material;

Multi-stage screening, the material produces fluidity during the screening process, and the impurities larger than the peanut pod particles, peanut pods, peanut shriveled fruits and small particles are screened out and discharged from the discharge ports at different positions.

The sliding plate in the air selection device is inclined at a certain angle to ensure that the peanuts can slide down by themselves under the action of gravity and friction.

Determination of the inclination angle of the slide:

The friction coefficient between the material and the slide is μ=0.49-0.65

mgsinθ≥μmgcosθ

That is: sinθ≥μcosθ

So the inclination angle of the slide is θ=26.1°-33.02°

In the design of the adsorption pipeline, according to Bernoulli's theorem and the continuity equation, it can be obtained on the same contour streamline:

S ₁ V ₁ =S ₂ V ₂ =Q

In the formula, V ₁ is the average velocity at the fan inlet section; P ₁ is the average pressure at the fan inlet section; S ₁ is the cross-sectional area at the fan inlet section; V ₂ is the average velocity at the throat section; P ₂ is The average pressure at the throat section; S ₂ is the cross-sectional area at the throat section; ρ is the air density.

The formula of wind pressure and wind speed: W＝-0.5ρV ² +C

In the formula, W is the wind pressure, ρ is the air mass density, V is the wind speed, and C is a constant.

When V ₁ is less than V ₂ , P ₁ is less than P ₂ . It has a certain acceleration effect on the airflow entering the pipeline, causing the airflow velocity of the Adam’s apple to be higher than that at the inlet, and the wind pressure and the wind speed are inversely proportional, so the pressure value of the Adam’s apple is lower than the pressure at the air inlet.

The size parameters of the adsorption pipeline are determined:

The reason why the residual stems and leaves in the material can be adsorbed by the pipeline is that the floating speed of the plump peanut pods and the residual dry stems and leaves are different. First, determine the floating speed of the inlet of the outlet pipe to determine the wind pressure and wind speed at the Adam's apple, and establish the streamline equation to determine the size of the adsorption pipe.

ρ _T =ρ _T /(R×T _T )

In the formula, T ₁ is the temperature of the working medium at the inlet of the Laval tube, K; G is the mass flow rate, Kg/s; A ₂ is the cross-sectional area in the critical state, mm ² ; V ₀ is the initial velocity, m/s ( set to 20). A ₂ =12.6 cm ² was obtained.

The size of the expansion tube can be calculated by the following formula:

In the formula, M _a is the Mach number; PC is the outlet gas pressure, P _a ( _{P C is} set to 1 atmosphere); P _T is the pressure of the working medium at the nozzle inlet, P _a (set to 7×10 ⁵ ); A ₁ is the cross-sectional area of the inlet of the reducing tube, cm ² ; A ₃ is the cross-sectional area of the outlet of the expanding tube, cm ² ; obtain A ₁ =339.8 cm ² .

Calculation of the expansion tube angle:

Obtain δ=12°.

Calculation of expansion tube length:

Calculation of shrinkage angle of shrinkage tube:

The contraction section is to accelerate the gas to the speed of sound in the subsonic state. In order to stabilize the acceleration of the airflow, the general cone angle is set at 30°-60°. If the airflow is too large, the airflow is unstable, and the acceleration distance is too long if the airflow is too small, and the energy loss will increase. Now take 30°.

Design of the outgoing tube:

The outlet pipe is connected to the Adam's apple of the adsorption pipe, and the position of the trident will produce a local energy loss h _w :

h _w =∑h _f +∑h _j

Among them, ∑h _f : energy loss along the path, ∑h _j : local energy loss, ε: local head loss coefficient (dimensionless), λ: head loss coefficient along the path, L: pipe length, d: pipe diameter, v: Fluid velocity, g: acceleration of gravity.

A finite element analysis model is established based on the energy loss equation, and it is found that when the angle between the outlet pipe and the axis of the expansion pipe is 50°, the wind pressure value at the Adam’s apple is the smallest, and the energy loss in the pipeline is small at this time. The lead-out tube is intersected with the reducing tube and the expansion tube. In order to ensure the adsorption effect, the cross-section of the lead-out tube structure is trapezoidal, and the cross-sectional area gradually increases outward from the Adam’s apple. The distance between the air inlet plane of the outlet pipe and the sliding plate plane is designed to be 3cm.

The installation method of the two vibration motors is as follows: the two vibration motors are separately installed on both sides of the vibration equipment, and their rotating shafts are at a set installation angle. Figure 14 shows the relationship between the center of mass of the vibration track of the vibrating screening device, and Figure 17 shows the three-axis coordinate system diagram of the peanut pod.

Determination of installation angle:

The mass of the two vibration motors is M ₁ , the center of mass is (X ₁ , Y ₁ ), the mass of the whole vibrating screening device is M, and the center of mass is (X, Y). According to the support point, the coordinate system is established to obtain:

In the formula, θ is the vibration direction angle, rad; Δγ is the phase difference angle when the eccentric blocks of the two motors achieve self-synchronized and stable operation, rad; β is the angle between the motor shaft and the horizontal plane, rad.

The expression of the center of force trajectory is:

In the formula, N=3 is the ratio of the centrifugal force generated by the eccentric blocks of the two motors; L=340mm is the distance between the vibration axes of the two motors.

Bring in the solution to obtain β=20°, that is, the relative angle between the two vibration motor shafts is 40°, and the vibrating screening device can be driven to perform compound-rotating vibration.

The parameters of the vibrating screening device are determined:

1. Amplitude

The formula for calculating the amplitude is:

In the formula, m _e is the total exciting force distance generated by the vibration motor; M is the total mass of the vibrating screen.

Take the eccentric mass of the two vibration motors as 20kg, when the elliptical vibration is performed, the moment ratio is 3:1, and the eccentric distance is 0.1m, then the amplitude λ=2.5mm

2. Vibration frequency

The vibration frequency plays an important role in the efficiency of the vibrating screen. Experiments show that the best screening efficiency is around 22Hz for particles with various separation sizes. At low frequency, almost nothing is thrown up on the screen. At high frequency, particles fill the entire screen box like smoke and dust. Whether it is high-frequency screening or low-frequency screening, the screening efficiency is low. Since the actual production materials are different, the vibration frequency is slightly adjusted according to the actual working conditions, so that the vibrating screen can be put into production more efficiently.

3. The inclination angle of the screen surface

The angle between the screen surface and the horizontal plane is called the screen surface inclination angle α. The size of the screen surface angle is closely related to the screening amount and screening efficiency of the vibrating screen. When the angle is increased, the moving speed of the material on the screen surface is accelerated, and the processing capacity is increased, but the residence time of the material on the screen surface is shortened, and the screening efficiency is reduced. On the contrary, when the angle is reduced, the production capacity is reduced, but a better screening effect can be obtained.

The first-level screen and the third-level screen are secondary screen layers, and the inclination angle is taken as 0-5°;

The secondary screen is the main screen layer, with reference to the inclination angle of the slide, so the inclination angle of the screen in this layer is: θ=26.1°-33.02°

4. Vibration direction angle

The angle between the vibration direction and the screen surface is called the vibration direction angle β. The selection of β should refer to the properties of the materials to be screened. For materials that are easy to screen, the vibration direction angle β should be large. Generally speaking, the value of the moving screen is β=30°-60°, because under the direction angle of this range, the vibrating screen has good applicability, good moving speed, and high productivity.

5. Throwing Index

The throwing index D refers to the ratio of the vertical component of the maximum vibration acceleration of the equipment to the gravitational acceleration g during vibration, which directly reflects the periodic throwing force generated by the vibration and its own when the screened material contacts the screen during the vibration process. The phase difference between the highest point and the lowest point of motion under the combined force of gravity. The phase relationship between the high and low points directly affects the level of screen penetration and the material handling capacity of the vibrating screen.

In the formula, K is the mechanical vibration intensity; ω is the rotational angular velocity of the motor; λ is the amplitude; δ is the vibration direction angle; α ₀ is the inclination angle of the screen surface.

Obtain the throwing index D=4.3 of the vibration sub-device

6. Screen size

The three-axis coordinate system diagram of the established peanut pods is shown in Figure 17. The three-axis dimensions of different varieties of peanut pods are obtained by measuring and averaging by the experimental method:

Length H=32.16mm-36.35mm

Width W=12.34mm-15.17mm

Thickness H=12.42mm-15.71mm

The formula to define the geometric mean of peanuts is:

In the formula, D _g is the geometric mean of peanuts; L is the length of peanuts; W is the width of peanuts; H is the height of peanuts, and the unit is mm.

The formula to define the arithmetic mean of peanuts is:

The geometric mean D _g of peanut pods is 17.72mm-20.13mm, and the arithmetic mean D _a is 20.35mm-21.36mm.

The size of the primary screen ensures the maximum size of the peanut pod, the size of the secondary screen ensures the minimum size of the peanut pod, and the size of the third screen ensures the minimum size of the peanut pod. Here, 50% of the size of the full peanut pod is defined as peanut. The size value of the shriveled fruit. Since the plane punching screen is suitable for selective screening and the screening effect is obvious, according to the shape of the plump peanut pods and peanut shriveled fruits and the three-axis size of the peanut pods, the first-stage screen III-02 selects an oval shape of 25 × 15 mm. Plane punching screen, secondary screen III-03 choose 17×6mm oval plane punching screen. The three-stage screen III-04 selects an 8mm circular plane punching screen. There are baffles around each layer of screen to prevent materials from being thrown out during the screening process.

The springs are used to connect the screens of each stage to buffer vibration absorption. The springs should be selected with sufficient rigidity to prevent the screen plates from being too inclined in a certain direction.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Although the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, they do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solutions of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay creative work. Various modifications or deformations that can be made are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides an impurity system is cleaned to absorption and multi-stage screening formula peanut pod, characterized by includes:

the device comprises a feeding device, a winnowing device and a vibration screening device;

the feeding device intermittently feeds materials to the winnowing device;

the winnowing device carries out negative pressure adsorption on light impurities in the material in the process that the material slides onto the vibration screening device under the action of gravity;

the vibrating screen device comprises a multi-stage screen and a vibrating motor with two rotating shafts at certain angles, the multi-stage screen is integrally made to vibrate in a complex rotation mode, the multi-stage screen is installed at different angles respectively, the materials are enabled to generate flowability in the screening process, and impurities, peanut pods, peanut flat fruits and small particle impurities which are larger than peanut pod particles are respectively screened out and are discharged from discharge ports at different positions of each layer of screen.

2. An adsorption and multi-stage screening type peanut pod cleaning and edulcoration system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feeding device comprises a box structure, the box structure is a cavity structure, the feeding box feeds the material into the cavity structure;

the upper transmission roller and the lower transmission roller are arranged up and down in the cavity structure, the upper transmission roller and the lower transmission roller control the distance between the upper transmission roller and the lower transmission roller through the tensioning mechanism, the tension between the transmission rollers is convenient to adjust, the upper transmission roller and the lower transmission roller drive the rubber conveyor belt on the upper transmission roller and the lower transmission roller to move, lifting hoppers are evenly arranged on two sides of the rubber conveyor belt at intervals respectively, and the upper transmission roller and the lower transmission roller are fixed on the rack through bearing supports.

3. An adsorption and multi-stage screening type peanut pod cleaning and impurity removing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feeding device is driven by a stepping motor, the stepping motor drives an upper transmission roller and a lower transmission roller to rotate so as to drive the conveying belt and further drive the hopper to carry out intermittent feeding, and the stepping motor drives the lower transmission roller through the speed reduction of a small belt wheel, a V-shaped belt and a large belt wheel and combines with the upper transmission roller to drive the rubber conveying belt and the hopper thereon to carry out digging feeding on the material.

4. An adsorption and multi-stage screening type peanut pod cleaning and impurity removing system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the hopper is made of flexible material, the hopper is a deep hopper, the rear wall of the hopper is fixedly connected with the rubber conveyor belt through a countersunk head bolt, the hopper excavates materials from the feeding box and the blanking box, and throws the materials out when moving to the top along with the rubber conveyor belt.

5. The system for cleaning and removing impurities of peanut pods according to claim 1, wherein the air separation device comprises a positive pressure fan, a slide carriage and an adsorption pipeline, the slide carriage is inclined at a certain angle to ensure that the peanuts can slide down automatically under the action of gravity and friction force;

the positive pressure fan and the adsorption pipeline are used for generating negative pressure adsorption pressure, the central line of the section of the outlet pipe opening of the adsorption pipeline is aligned with the tail end of the slide carriage, so that the adsorption pipeline can also perform negative pressure adsorption cleaning on peanuts in the process that the peanuts fall onto the screen.

6. An adsorption and multi-stage screening type peanut pod cleaning and edulcoration system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the adsorption duct mainly comprises: a reducer, an expander and an outlet;

the reducing pipe is contracted to a laryngeal knot, the area of the cross section is gradually reduced, and the airflow generated by the positive pressure fan is gradually accelerated; the cross-sectional area of the expansion pipe is gradually increased from the laryngeal prominence, and the airflow can continue to accelerate at the moment.

7. An adsorption and multi-stage screening type peanut pod cleaning and impurity removing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vibrating screening device is composed of three stages of vibrating screens, each stage of vibrating screen is connected with a discharge port, and screened materials can fall into different positions.

8. An adsorption and multi-stage screening type peanut pod cleaning and impurity removing system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the vibrating screening device is integrally driven by a vibrating motor A and a vibrating motor B, the two vibrating motors make the three-stage vibrating screen integrally vibrate in a repeated rotation mode, and the two vibrating motors are installed in a way that: the two vibrating motors are respectively arranged at two sides of the vibrating equipment, and the rotating shafts of the vibrating motors are in a set installation angle.

9. An adsorption and multi-stage screening type peanut pod cleaning and decontaminating system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said feeding device, air separation device and vibratory screening device are fixed to a frame.

10. An adsorption and multi-stage screening type peanut pod cleaning and impurity removing method comprises the following steps:

feeding intermittently; in the process that the material slides down under the action of gravity, light impurities in the material are adsorbed under negative pressure;

the material is screened in multiple stages, the material generates fluidity in the screening process, the material slides down from the winnowing device and falls into the first-stage screen through the sliding baffle, impurities larger than peanut pod particles are screened and filtered, the impurities slide from a discharge port of the first-stage screen, and the peanut pod, the peanut shrunken fruit and the small particle impurities fall into the second-stage screen;

sieving by using a secondary screen to filter peanut pods, sliding the peanut pods out of a discharge hole of the secondary screen and collecting the peanut pods, and enabling the peanuts to be shriveled and small particle impurities to fall into a tertiary screen;

the screening through tertiary screen cloth filters out tiny particle impurity, and this impurity falls back from tertiary screen cloth and returns the collection through the collection hopper, and the flat fruit of peanut landing to tertiary screen cloth discharge gate in following tertiary screen cloth accomplishes the cleaning work of material.

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