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Publication of SI9500230ApublicationCriticalpatent/SI9500230A/en
Publication of SI9500230BpublicationCriticalpatent/SI9500230B/en
C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
C21D1/62—Quenching devices
C21D1/63—Quenching devices for bath quenching
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
C21D9/04—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
C21D2221/02—Edge parts
C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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Chemical & Material Sciences
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Engineering & Computer Science
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Materials Engineering
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Thermal Sciences
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Crystallography & Structural Chemistry
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Mechanical Engineering
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Physics & Mathematics
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Metallurgy
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Organic Chemistry
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Heat Treatment Of Articles
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Metal Rolling
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Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling
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Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening
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Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General
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Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General
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Abstract
Method for treatment of rolled profile material comprises straightening rolled profile (1) with plastic forming at 750-1100 degrees C temp.. Initial cooling takes place with locally equal intensity to 5-120 degrees C temp. above the Ar point of the material. This is followed by cooling which has equal intensity in the longitudinal direction of the profile, but varies along the circumference of the profile cross section to ensure a martensitic-free fine pearlitic structure. Final cooling takes place with locally equal intensity down to room temp.. Also claimed is the appts. for carrying out the above heat treating, novel in that is has a preparatory section (A), a second cooling section (B) and a final cooling section (C). <IMAGE>
Claims (17)
PATENTNI ZAHTEVKI 1. Postopek za toplotno obdelavo profiliranega valjanca, posebno tirnic za premične stroje oz. železniških tirnic, s povečanim odstranjevanjem toplote z delov profilirane površine pri ohladitvi iz gama območja materiala na osnovi železa, pri čemer v zaželenem območju (v zaželenih območjih) preseka, posebno v območju glave tirnic, poteka pretvorba v fino perlitno strukturo s povečano trdnostjo, posebno s povečano obrabno trdnostjo in povečano trdoto in se v danem primeru zmanjša, predvsem bistveno prepreči, preoblikovanje oz. ukrivitev zaradi termično pogojenega izkrivijenja valjanca, posebno tirnice, navpično na vzdolžno os pri ohladitvi na sobno temperaturo, posebno po pretvorbi strukture v ojačano hlajenem območju (hlajenih območjih) preseka in se doseže povečana togost in trajna upogibna trdnost valjanca, označen s tem, da se valjanec s poprečno temperaturo največ 1100 °C, vendar najmanj 750 °C, pri plastičnem preoblikovanju izravna ravno v njegovi vzdolžni smeri, v izravnanem stanju se spravi in drži v prečni smeri, v prvem koraku ohladitve valjanca pa se ta pusti izenačujoče hladiti na temperaturo pod 860 °C, do najnižje temperature od 5 do 120 °C nad temperaturo Ar3 zlitine, z enako lokalno intenzivnostjo hlajenja, v bistvu s sevanjem v mirujočem zraku, nakar se v drugem koraku ohladitve, za strukturno pretvorbo v fino perlitno strukturo brez martenzita, valjancu toplota odvzame v vzdolžni smeri z lokalno v bistvu enako intenzivnostjo, v preseku gledano s periferno različno intenzivnostjo in je intenzivnost hlajenja povečana najmanj v enem področju na obodu profiliranega valjanca, pri čemer se večja intenzivnost (večje intenzivnosti) hlajenja dodeli (dodelijo) območju (območjem) z visokim volumskim deležem glede na površino ali z visoko masno koncentracijo in/ali tistim območjem valjanca z lokalno visoko temperaturo in se območje (območja) s tako povečano hitrostjo ohladitve spravi(jo) na temperaturo pretvorbe, in pri teh pogojih hlajenja se tvori fina perlitna struktura brez martenzita, nakar se v naslednjem koraku izvaja ohladitev na sobno temperaturo z enako lokalno intenzivnostjo hlajenja.1. A process for the heat treatment of a profiled roller, in particular rails for mobile machines or of railway tracks, by increased heat removal from parts of the profiled surface during cooling from the gamma region of the iron-based material, with conversion to a fine pearlitic structure with increased strength, especially in the desired area (s) of cross-section, especially in the rail head area with increased wear strength and increased hardness and in a given case is reduced, especially significantly prevented, the transformation or. curvature due to thermally conditioned distortion of the roller, especially the rail, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis when cooled to room temperature, especially after conversion of the structure in the reinforced cooled area (chilled areas) and increased stiffness and permanent flexural strength of the roller the roller with an average temperature of not more than 1100 ° C but not less than 750 ° C is flattened in its longitudinal direction during plastic forming, in the leveled state it is placed and held in the transverse direction, and in the first step of cooling the roller is allowed to cool evenly below 860 ° C, to a minimum temperature of 5 to 120 ° C above the temperature of the Ar3 alloy, with the same local cooling intensity, substantially by radiation in stationary air, then in the second cooling step, for structural conversion to a fine pearlitic structure without martensite, rolled the heat is taken away in the longitudinal direction with a locally essentially the same intensity, seen in cross section with a peripherally different intensity, and the intensity is cooling activity increased in at least one area on the circumference of the profiled roller, whereby a higher cooling intensity (s) is assigned to the area (s) with a high volume fraction relative to the surface or high mass concentration and / or that area of the roller with local high temperature and the range (s) with such an increased cooling rate is brought to the conversion temperature, and under these cooling conditions a fine perlite structure without martensite is formed, after which the next step is cooled to room temperature with the same local cooling intensity.2. Postopek po zahtevku 1, označen s tem, da se toplotna obdelava iz toplote za vroče preoblikovanje izvaja po vročem preoblikovanju valjanca s stopnjo preoblikovanja od 1,8 do 8 % pri zadnjem vtiku pri temperaturi najmanj 770 °C in največ 1050 °C .Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the heat treatment from the heat for hot forming is carried out after hot forming the roller with a forming degree of 1.8 to 8% at the last plug at a temperature of at least 770 ° C and at most 1050 ° C.3. Postopek po zahtevku 1 ali 2, označen s tem, da je v drugem koraku ohladitve intenzivnost hlajenja povečana v dveh ali več področjih na obodu profiliranega valjanca.Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the second cooling step the cooling intensity is increased in two or more areas on the circumference of the profiled roller.4. Postopek po enem od zahtevkov 1 do 3, označen s tem, da se del profiliranega valjanca, ki ima najvišjo masno koncentracijo, hladi v postopku s potapljanjem, pri čemer se istočasno delu (delom) valjanca z manjšo masno koncentracijo, nadalje predvidenemu (predvidenim) za ojačano hlajenje, odvzame toplota s sredstvi z manjšo intenzivnostjo hlajenja.Process according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the part of the profiled roller having the highest mass concentration is cooled by the immersion process, at the same time the part (parts) of the roller with the lower mass concentration further provided ( provided) for enhanced cooling, heat is removed by means with a lower cooling intensity.5. Postopek po enem od zahtevkov 1 do 4, označen s tem, da se stopnja intenzivnosti hlajenja, posebno sestava hladilne tekočine za ohladitev s potapljanjem, regulira tako, da se v temperaturnem območju od 800 °C do 450 °C doseže ohladitev površinskega področja potopljenega dela v bistvu z 1,6 do 2,4 °C/sek.Process according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the degree of cooling intensity, in particular the composition of the cooling liquid for immersion cooling, is regulated so as to achieve cooling of the surface area in the temperature range from 800 ° C to 450 ° C. submerged part substantially at 1.6 to 2.4 ° C / sec.6. Postopek po enem od zahtevkov 1 do 5, označen s tem, da se pri profiliranem valjancu z območjem preseka v obliki T, kot je to podano, na primer pri nogi železniške tirnice, področje, ki -3- leži nasproti vratu, hladi s povečano intenzivnostjo.Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in the case of a profiled roller with a cross-sectional area in the form of T, as given, for example at the foot of a railway track, the area -3 opposite to the neck is cooled with increased intensity.7. Postopek po zahtevku 6, označen s tem, da se področje površine, ki leži nasproti vratu, s povečano intenzivnostjo hlajenja, izoblikuje v bistvu simetrično na os vratu in se bočno orne j i.The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the area of the surface opposite the neck, with increased cooling intensity, is formed substantially symmetrically on the axis of the neck and is laterally plowed.8. Postopek po zahtevku 7, označen s tem, da se povečana intenzivnost hlajenja območij preseka profiliranega valjanca, distalnih glede na masno koncentracijo ali spoj vratu, prepreči in/ali se ta območja zaščitijo pred povečano odtegnitvijo toplote ali se vsaj za kratek čas segrevajo.Process according to Claim 7, characterized in that the increased cooling intensity of the cross-sectional areas of the profiled roller distal to the weight concentration or the neck joint is prevented and / or these areas are protected from increased heat distraction or heated for at least a short time.9. Postopek po enem od zahtevkov 1 do 8, označen s tem, da se intenzivnost hlajenja na površini profiliranega valjanca nastavi tako, da se področja, v katerih poteka pretvorba gama strukture pri ohladitvi, izoblikujejo v bistvu paralelno simetrično in/ali paralelno na nevtralno ravnino in/ali koncentrično na linijo težišča oz. na težišče površine preseka.Process according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the cooling intensity on the surface of the profiled roller is adjusted so that the areas in which the gamma structure is converted during cooling are formed substantially parallel symmetrically and / or parallel to neutral. plane and / or concentrically to the center of gravity line or to the center of gravity of the cross-sectional area.10. Postopek po enem od zahtevkov 1 do 9, označen s tem, da se valjanec, od katerega se, glede na presek, en del potopi v hladilno tekočino v bazenu za potapljanje, med ohladitvijo v tej premika v vzdolžni smeri glede na posodo s hladilno tekočino oz. bazen za potapljanje.Method according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the roller, one part of which, depending on the cross-section, is immersed in the coolant in the diving pool, moves in the longitudinal direction with respect to the container with coolant or diving pool.11. Postopek po enem od zahtevkov 1 do 10, označen s tem, da se vsaj v času, v katerem je en del valjanca potopljen v hladilno tekočino, na to deluje z nihanjem.Process according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least during the time in which one part of the roller is immersed in the coolant, it is acted upon by oscillation.12. Naprava za toplotno obdelavo profiliranega valjanca, posebno tirnic za premične stroje oz. železniških tirnic, s povečanim odstranjevanjem toplote z delov profilirane površine -4- pri ohladitvi iz gama območja materiala na osnovi železa, posebno za izvajanje postopka po enem od zahtevkov 1 do 11, obstoječa v bistvu iz najmanj enega območja za pripravo (A) valjanca (1) na valjčnici (21), z napravo za pozicioniranje valjanca, iz območja za obdelavo z ohlajevanjem (B) , z napravami za delno odstranjevanje toplote z višjo intenzivnostjo s površine valjanca (1) in iz končnega hladilnega območja' (C) za hlajenje valjanca (1) na sobno temperaturo, kot tudi iz sredstev za prečni transport, držanje in manipulacijo, označena s tem, da ima valjčnica (21) v območju za pripravo (A) samo po sebi poznano napravo za pozicioniranje valjanca in sredstva (22, 23) za aksialno izravnano naravnanost profiliranega valjanca (1) pri plastičnem preoblikovanju le-tega, poseduje napravo za prečni transport za aksialno izravnano spravljanje valjanca (1) v bistvu navpično na njegovo os od območja za pripravo (A) v območje za obdelavo z ohlajevanjem (B) in v tem območju (B) je razporejena samo po sebi poznana naprava za kaljenje valjanca s pomočjo hladilne tekočine (37) v bazenu za potapljanje (38), z napravami za držanje in manipulacijo (24) in nastavljiva dodatna hladilna naprava (3) za intenzivirano ohlajevanje vsaj nadaljnjega območja valjanca in ima končno hladilno območje (C) odlagališče (25) za valjanec (1) za ohladitev le-tega na sobno temperaturo.12. Device for heat treatment of profiled roller, especially rails for mobile machines or. railway tracks, with increased heat removal from parts of the profiled surface -4- when cooled from the gamma region of the iron-based material, especially for carrying out the process according to one of claims 1 to 11, existing essentially from at least one roller preparation area (A) 1) on a rolling mill (21), with a device for positioning the roller, from the cooling treatment area (B), with devices for partial heat removal with higher intensity from the surface of the roller (1) and from the final cooling area '(C) for cooling of the roller (1) to room temperature, as well as from means for transverse transport, holding and handling, characterized in that the roller (21) has in itself a known device for positioning the roller and the means (22, 23) for axially aligned alignment of the profiled roller (1) in its plastic transformation, it has a transverse transport device for axially aligned alignment of the roller (1) substantially perpendicular to its axis from the area for right (A) in the cooling treatment area (B) and in this area (B) is arranged a self-known device for hardening the roller by means of coolant (37) in the diving pool (38), with holding devices and manipulation (24) and an adjustable additional cooling device (3) for intensive cooling of at least a further area of the roller and the final cooling area (C) has a storage (25) for the roller (1) for cooling it to room temperature.13. Naprava po zahtevku 12, označena s tem, da se da dodatna hladilna naprava (3) naravnati na valjanec (1) in se da njena hladilna intenzivnost regulirati.Device according to Claim 12, characterized in that the additional cooling device (3) can be adjusted to the roller (1) and its cooling intensity can be regulated.14. Naprava po enem od zahtevkov 12 ali 13, označena s tem, da ima dodatna hladilna naprava (3) dele za izoblikovanje lokalnega toka hladilnega sredstva (31), v bistvu neprekinjenega v vzdolžni smeri oz. aksialni smeri valjanca (1), omejenega v prečni smeri in ima v danem primeru sredstva (34) za -5- preprečevanje ojačane odtegnitve toplote od površin(e), sosednje (sosednjih) hlajeni površini.Device according to one of Claims 12 or 13, characterized in that the additional cooling device (3) has parts for forming a local flow of refrigerant (31), substantially continuous in the longitudinal direction. axial direction of the roller (1), limited in the transverse direction and optionally having means (34) for -5- preventing reinforced heat dissipation from the surfaces (e) adjacent to the cooled surface.15. Naprava po enem od zahtevkov 12 do 14, označena s tem, da je dodatna hladilna naprava izoblikovana kot hlajenje s stisnjenim zrakom ali z razprševanjem.Device according to one of Claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the additional cooling device is designed as compressed air or spray cooling.16. Naprava po enem od zahtevkov 12 do 15, označena s tem, da se da valjanec (1) v hladilni tekočini (37) premikati v smeri vzdolžne osi glede na bazen za potapljanje (38) in/ali glede na dodatno hladilno napravo (3).Device according to one of Claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the roller (1) in the coolant (37) can be moved in the direction of the longitudinal axis with respect to the diving pool (38) and / or with respect to the additional cooling device ( 3).17. Naprava po enem od zahtevkov 12 do 16, označena s tem, da so na bazenu za potapljanje (38) in/ali v sami hladilni tekočini (37) razporejene naprave, s katerimi je možno hladilno tekočino (37) turbulentno premikati in/ali jo spraviti v nihanje. Za VOEST-ALPINE SCHIENEN GmbH A-8700 Leoben-Donawitz Avstrija :Device according to one of Claims 12 to 16, characterized in that devices are arranged in the diving pool (38) and / or in the coolant itself (37), with which the coolant (37) can be turbulently moved and / or or make it oscillate. For VOEST-ALPINE SCHIENEN GmbH A-8700 Leoben-Donawitz Austria:
SI9500230A1994-07-191995-07-18Heat treatment procedure and device for profiled workpiece
SI9500230B
(en)
Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Ges.M.B.H., Linz, At
Hardening rails from rolling temp. - using appts. with manipulator engaging rail from exit roller table with support arms positioned pivotably on each side
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL RODS "," The present invention relates to a method for direct heat treatment of a medium carbon steel rod, comprising: transporting the hot rolled rod on a conveyor in the form of a sequence of non-concentric rings and subjecting said rod to controlled cooling in a cooler so that most of the austenite over the entire length of the rod is substantially uniformly transformed into a fine perlite structure; and maintaining said sequence of non-concentric rings of the rod at 450 - 630 degrees C. for a period of 60 - 300 seconds, with the pitch between each ring being smaller than in the first stage as to cause the perlitic transformation of any austenite of residue.