SI9500230A - Heat treatment procedure and device for profiled workpiece - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for treatment of rolled profile material comprises straightening rolled profile (1) with plastic forming at 750-1100 degrees C temp.. Initial cooling takes place with locally equal intensity to 5-120 degrees C temp. above the Ar point of the material. This is followed by cooling which has equal intensity in the longitudinal direction of the profile, but varies along the circumference of the profile cross section to ensure a martensitic-free fine pearlitic structure. Final cooling takes place with locally equal intensity down to room temp.. Also claimed is the appts. for carrying out the above heat treating, novel in that is has a preparatory section (A), a second cooling section (B) and a final cooling section (C). <IMAGE>

Description

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF A PROFILED ROLLER

The invention relates to a process for the heat treatment of a profiled roller, in particular rolling stock. rails, with increased heat dissipation from parts of the profile surface during cooling from a gamma-based material of iron-based material, converting to a fine pearlitic microstructure with increased strength in the desired section (s), especially in the rail head area, especially with increased abrasion resistance and increased hardness and, if appropriate, reduced, it is advantageous to substantially prevent shape or shape change. due to thermally conditioned expanded roller, especially the rail, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis when cooled to room temperature, especially after conversion of the microstructure in the reinforced cooled cross-section (s) to achieve increased rigidity and flexural oscillation strength of the roller.

The invention further relates to a device for the thermal treatment of a profiled roller, in particular rolling stock. rails consisting essentially of at least a rolling mill preparation area, a rolling positioning device, a cooling treatment area, high intensity partial heat extraction devices from a rolling surface and a final cooling zone for cooling the rolling mill to room temperature, as well as storage aids, for transverse transport, for holding and manipulating.

Finally, the invention deals with a profiled roller, a special rolling or railway track consisting of a rail head with at least partially pearlitic microstructure, a rail leg and a neck between the rail head and the rail leg.

Profiled roller, especially rolling stock. rail, is manufactured or. they are mainly made of an alloy based on iron, with concentrations in 1 (by weight) of C 0.4 to 1.0, Si 0.1 to 1.2, Mn 0.5 to 3.7, if necessary chromium to 1, 5 as well as from further alloy elements with concentrations below 1 t; the rest is iron and impurities, conditioned by the manufacturing process. Based on the usual dimensions, e.g. with a mass of 30 to 100 kg / m, and from this following ratio of cross-sections to the circumference of the rails, it takes place in the cooling of the rolling mill from the grill in still air, e.g. on cooling beds and the like, due to the slow cooling, the transformation of the microstructure from austenitic to coarse pearlitic structure having, as the case may be, proportions of ferrite. Initially, the materials mentioned above with the upper structure have a hardness in the range of 250 HB to 350 HB.

Increasing traffic volumes and higher axle loads, as well as the desire to improve rail durability for practical use, have led to numerous proposals to increase strength and wear resistance. In doing so, it was possible to achieve more favorable or. Improved material properties with a hardness of 400 HB and higher by heat treatment and / or alloying technical measures.

The rails are supposed to be placed in the work area, inter alia for the production of non-impact lines. of multiple lengths, well welded so that alloying technical measures can be taken to increase the hardness or. The strength and toughness of the material due to welding problems should only be carried out to a small extent and lead to the target by heat treatment adapted to the composition of the steel (DE-C 3 446 794, EP-B-0187904, EP-B-0186373). Even for eco-3nomic reasons, such procedures did not work on a larger scale.

In order to increase the properties important for the use of rails and switch parts from the materials mentioned above, it is possible, as is well known to one skilled in the art, to balance the fine pearlite structure of the material with the thermal treatment of the improvement. It is important that when cooling from the austenitizing temperature, the proper cooling conditions and / or cooling conditions are regulated. cooling rates. In EP-8-0293002, for example, it is proposed for this purpose that, after the onset of high cooling intensity, a practically isothermal transformation of the microstructure of the material at ca. 530 'C. It was further known from DE-OS-2 820 784 that the germination of rails with a specific composition in boiling water was carried out and the desired intensities of cooling to achieve the state of fine pearlite microstructure were obtained by means of additives and displacement measures.

In accordance with AT-PS-323 224, an initiative has already been made to produce rails with a homogeneous fine pearlite structure at the selected alloy using certain cooling parameters, e.g. with a cooling rate of between 10 and 20 ° C / sec to a temperature not exceeding 550 ° C. The above measures, however, have the downside that the same cooling intensity of the surface with respect to the mass concentration of the rolled profile can result in different cooling rates and microstructural areas near the surface and that expensive preventative measures had to be encountered to prevent unwanted ones. local microstructure formation, respectively. material properties, especially excessive hardness and brittleness in the flexural loads of the track.

it has also often been suggested that the heterogeneous microstructure in the cross-section of the rail is properly adjusted to suit the loads in question. DE-C-3 006 695, for example, discloses a process by which, by cooling the rail,

-4 the heat of the roll reaches the conversion in the whole cross section »after which the head of the rail, especially by inductive heating, is re-austenitized and then germinated. It was further proposed in accordance with WO 94/02652 that the rail head be cooled in a refrigerant with a specially controlled cooling intensity to a surface temperature of between 450 and 550 'C, thereby achieving a fine pearlite microstructure. DE-C-4 003 363 is suitable for the rolling of the gauge.

Non-homogeneous cooling over the cross section of the profiled roller can lead to curvatures or curvatures. deviations from flatness at room temperature. To counteract these disadvantages, it has been suggested (DE-A-4 237 991) that the rails, preferably upside down, are transported or lifted. They are cooled on a cooling bed, with the intentional formation of a heterogeneous microstructure beyond the cross section.

All of the processes and devices listed so far have a common downside to the fact that in the manufacture of profiled roller, otherwise in limited areas or areas. in relation to the individual stages of the process, they certainly give the leading solution to the goal, but in the economic production of qualitatively quality long ribbons with special qualities of quality, it was not possible to show a satisfactory solution to the whole problem.

Herein, the invention seeks to assist and aims to, in eliminating the disadvantages of the known methods of manufacture, provide a new process by which a profiled roller can be manufactured with particularly advantageous properties important for use. It is further an object of the invention to prepare a device specifically for carrying out the process and to produce a roller, a special rail for the highest loads.

The objective in the type-based process is to achieve a maximum temperature of the roller, especially the rail, with a transverse temperature

1100 ° C, preferably not more than 900 ° C, but not less than 750 ^e C, in the longitudinal direction of the molding in the plastic molding, it is flattened, transferred and held in the transverse direction in an equilibrium state, and in the first stage of cooling of the roller, respectively. allow the rails or equilibrators to cool to a temperature below 860 ^<> C, preferably ca. 820 ^e C, in particular 5 to 120 ° C above Ar ^ alloy temperature, with the same local cooling intensity, preferably essentially by the radiation in the stationary air, and then, in the second cooling step, the longitudinal roll is substantially identical to the locally substantially identical cross-section with considerably different intensities, heat is taken away and an increased cooling intensity is established in at least one region on the circumference of the profiled roller, whereby a higher intensity (with higher intensities) is provided for cooling the area (s) with a large cross-sectional ratio (s). with a high volume fraction defined per surface, respectively. with a high concentration of mass and / or one with a high temperature of the roller, especially the rails and the area (s) being reconciled, thus increasing the cooling rate to the conversion temperature, whereby under these cooling conditions a fine pearlitic microstructure without martensite is formed, and then the following The process is carried out at the same local intensity, for example in still air, cooling to room temperature. It is important that the plastic molding results in a flattening of the roller and that this is carried out in the temperature range between 750 ° C and 1100 ° C. Lower temperatures than 750 ° C can lead, as found, to a partially elastic bend with deviations from a straight orientation and subsequently lead to inhomogeneous cooling intensities in the longitudinal direction of the rail. Roller temperatures exceeding 1100 ^e C mainly cause the growth of austenitic grains, ie. the formation of coarse grains, which can ultimately adversely affect the material properties. Starting from a flattened roller, it has proven to be important for the longitudinally fine fine pearlite cross section to be formed in the longitudinal direction, so that the roller is held and allowed to cool in the first cooling stage, equilibrating to 6 ° C below 860 ° C with the same local cooling intensity. On the one hand, the local inhomogeneity of the temperature distribution in the longitudinal direction, which can be caused by the deposition at individual points on the transverse conveyor, can be balanced on the one hand, and on the other hand, the axially symmetric or centrally symmetric temperature distribution after the section of the profiled wave thus stabilizing its flatness. It is particularly advantageous to carry out this equilibrium cooling to a temperature of from 5 ° C to 120 ° C Riad Arg-temperature of the alloy, in order to create favorable conditions for the partial conversion of the microstructure to the fine pearlite shape of the structure in sections, Arg temperature is the temperature at which the conversion of the gamma network to the alpha alloy network begins at a cooling rate of 3 ^e C / min.

Cooling the cylinder with a heat dissipation intensity that is substantially the same in the longitudinal direction, but quite different in cross section, is known in itself. It is important, however, that the areas with increased surface cooling intensity be adapted to the concentration of mass in a1 j a n c a. In conjunction with the balanced orientation, the equilibrium cooling, and the symmetrical temperature distribution and the arrangement of the cooling zones, the cooling rate can be maintained, which is different across the cross-sectional areas, but substantially the same in the longitudinal direction of the roller. In doing so, it is important that the magnitude of the cooling rate by which the predicted area of the roller is brought to the conversion temperature is adjusted by the measures known per se. As can be seen from FIG. 3, to a person skilled in the art, the Cas-temperature-conversion diagram of an alloy of a certain composition, at martensitic proportions at higher cooling rates than the Arg temperature, for example curves c and d, with the result that the material obtains higher hardness, but loses substantially to elasticity and indicates a greater risk of fracture and intended use is no longer possible. Low cooling rates, such as curve h, cause a coarse pearlitic, soft microstructure. Therefore, it is important to balance the local cooling rates so high that, in each case, the martensite is prevented from converting, resulting in a fine microstructure in the region of increased cooling rate. After complete conversion of the microstructure, in order to reduce the curvature of the roll, respectively. basically prevented the roller back to room temperature with the same local cooling intensity.

It is particularly advantageous if the heat treatment after the thermal transformation of the roller with a conversion rate of 1.8 to 8 is preferably 2 to 5 derived from the grill of the thermal transformation, at the last plug at a temperature of at least 750 ° C and not more than 1050 ° C. Final transformation with transformation rate or reducing the cross-sectional area from 1.8 to 8% results in a favorable formation of fine austenitic grains. If the transformation takes place in the temperature range from 770 ° C to 1050 ^e C. Smaller transformation rates than 1.8 result in, as it turned out, particularly strong rough places grain or. grain growth, by contrast, has larger transformations than 8%, resulting in a sharp increase in temperature in the center and in the interior, apparently based on the relaxing transformative energy, which can result in local inhomogeneity of the microstructure and loss of the aunt,

In terms of keeping it mostly flat or flat. axially offset roller after cooling to room temperature, and especially with regard to the increased stiffness and flexural strength of the rails, is very advantageous if, in the second stage of cooling, the cooling intensity in two or more areas is increased at the circumference of the profiled roller. In this way, higher hardness and higher material strength can be achieved in the larger surface area of the nearby cross-sectional areas due to the finer perlite microstructure. With the flexural load on the flexure, where the sections of the section farthest from the neutral fibers or the zero line have the highest stresses, it is now possible to form at least two of these ~ 8 peripheral regions with higher strength. In the case of the rail, the notch toughness of the material in the leg area can also be increased as determined.

Preferably, the portion of the cylinder having the highest concentration of mass, such as the rail head, is cooled during the dipping process. submerged in coolant, whereby at the same time part (s) of the roller, other than that intended (for) stronger cooling, with a lower concentration of mass, such as the foot of the rail, heat is drawn off by means of less cooling intensity, such as compressed air or by spraying air and water. Such a process can inhibit the formation of a state of high internal stress and thermal distortion of the cylinder.

In order to prevent the harmful formation of martensite and to achieve a fine pearlite microstructure in the above-mentioned iron-based alloys, it is advantageous to set the cooling intensity range, in particular the composition of the cooling coolant by immersion, such that within a temperature range of 800 “C to 450 ^e C achieves cooling of the area near the surface, especially the submerged part, essentially from 1.6 to 2.4 ° C / sec, preferably from about 2.0 ° C. This cooling rate is also advantageous for economic reasons, since achieving the desired quality of the second stage rolled product requires a short cooling time and thus a high flow rate. "

To minimize curvature, it has been shown to be advantageous if, in the case of a profiled roller with a T-shaped cross-sectional area, as is the case, the rail track leg cools with increasing neck intensity opposite to the lying area or surface, preferably with compressed air or with an air-water mixture. In the sense of improving the long-term properties, it proved to be advantageous if the area of the surface lying nasq towards the neck is formed with a higher intensity of cooling essentially symmetrical to the axis of the neck and is laterally limited.

if further intensification of cooling is prevented with respect to the concentration of mass or mouth of the distal areas of the section of the profiled roller and / or these areas are protected from increased heat absorption or heated for at least a short time, it is possible to create a krostructure in the edges of the roller. equal or less material strength. Surprisingly, this reduces the risk of fracture, especially in the case of shock and / or alternating permanent loading of the rolled material.

Particular stability of the shape can be achieved if the cooling intensity on the surface of the profiled roller, in particular the rail, is balanced so that the areas in which the gamma-microstructure is transformed during cooling essentially form a parallel symmetrical and / or parallel to a neutral plane, preferably concentrically to the center of gravity line or to the center of gravity of the cross-sectional area.

In order to achieve substantially the same local intensities of oh 1 in the longitudinal direction and maintain a stable heat transfer to the cooling medium, it can be contemplated, according to the invention, that a 1 jan from which a cross section is defined immerse vh 1 ad i1 no liquid in dipping trough 1 lamb, during oh 1 entrainment 1 e -1. e j in the longitudinal direction moves relative to the coolant tank or. the sink for sinking and / or at least at the time when one part of the roller is immersed in the coolant, it acts on it vibration or. it vibrates. These measures have been found to significantly improve the homogeneity of the quality achieved.

The device of the foregoing embodiment for the integral solution of problems in the manufacture of a profiled roller with special • '10 properties, is characterized in that according to the invention, it has in itself a position in the preparation area for positioning the roller and accessories for straight or. axial alignment of the profile 1 of the rolled roller in plastic molding of the cast to have a cross-conveyor device for straight or. axially transferring the yoke 1 substantially perpendicularly to the axis thereof from the preparation area to the cooling treatment area, in which a well-known device for quenching the rolling mill, in particular the rail heads, by means of a coolant in a sink for sinking, holding and manipulating devices and an adjustable additional cooling device for intensely cooling the at least one further area of the roller, in particular the legs of the rail, and having a final cooling zone a roller depot for cooling it to room temperature.

i 1 o is found to be straight or. axial alignment, especially important for the enhancement to be made from the section to the cross section, respectively. in partial sections of the profiled roller. By preventing curvature existing over the entire length or in partial areas thereof, the same, predetermined cooling conditions or intensities of cooling of the roller, viewed in the direction of the axis, can be maintained so that differences in strength and / or strength are excluded. hardness along the profile builder. The tests have shown that different distances to the wall of the coolant container and / or to the center line of the spray cooler can cause disproportionately large variations in hardness and strength values.

In alignment, it is further important that the roller undergoes plastic molding with the help of suitable devices to prevent elastic returns in the given case to a partially curved shape. The transfer of the profiled roller in the axis line to the cross-sectional cooling area is very important to avoid the after-point device. In addition, it is in the cooling area

-11 provided manipulation device, which can be carried out pickup and hold, dipping into the sink with coolant or. quenching of partial zones of the roller as well as transfer to the final cooling zone. In this case, at least one additional cooling device may be provided for the intensified cooling of the further cross-sectional areas.

In the further development stage of the device, it is advantageous if the additional cooling device can be adjusted to the cylinder and its cooling intensity can be regulated and thus the additional local heat dissipation can be adjusted in accordance with the procedure.

An embodiment is also advantageous, in which the device for additional cooling has parts for forming a local, longitudinal or longitudinal. the axial orientation of the roller substantially continuous, in the transverse direction of the limited flow of the coolant and, if necessary, means to prevent the intensified heat absorption of the surface (s) adjacent to the cooled surface (s). This makes it possible to create sharply restricted cooling zones and to eliminate adjacent areas from intensive heat removal or heat treatment. a lower hardness of the material is formed in these, whereby an additional device is implemented in accordance with a further embodiment

cooling as cooling s by spraying. oppressive in the course al i s Homogeneity of hardness and value strength in longitudinal direction proficient roller can be further increase, if is

it is possible to move the roller in the coolant in the longitudinal direction relative to the sink and / or relative to the aftercooler only and / or if the self-contained coolant devices are installed on the sink and / or coolant. turbulently moving and / or vibrating. It has been found that relative movements and also vibrating movements or

-12 Pressure waves between the cooling medium and the workpiece provide uniform local cooling intensity and create useful conditions for improvement.

The rail according to the invention, specially made according to one of the aforementioned methods, if necessary manufactured in one of the above described devices, characterized in that the rail cross section has high values of material and hardness in the upper head region, wherein these values are lowered in the lower region of the head in the neck and in the peripheral parts of the foot and, in the central area on the base of the foot, compared to the peripheral parts and neck, the hardness values of the material are increased, achieving particularly uniform quality characteristics if symmetrically to the main axis of the section profile, respectively. symmetrically to the vertical axis of the cross-section of the rail with substantially the same value of material hardness. Such a track has improved features that are important for use even in difficult applications, such as high axle loads and / or high frequency of use and / or small radii of curvature.

In the following, the invention will be explained in greater detail by drawings showing only one embodiment.

In doing so, they show FIG. 1 shows the progress of the heat treatment of the rails, fig. 2 is a cross-section of a rail, fig. 3 time-temperature-conversion diagram for some rail material.

As shown schematically in FIG. 1, in the preparation area A on the rolling mill 21 is a profiled roller, for example a rail, positioning wound, for example with retractable bumpers

-13After equalization, cast 2 or more (not shown). The straightening aids 22 and 23 are then axially straightened, making the centering shape of the straightening aids very correct, which also corrects the vertical curvature.

Roller 1 is followed by transverse transport through the cooling zone δ and receiving in the device for manipulating the holding devices 24, with such support being provided in the transmission so that the curvature does not cross transversely to the longitudinal axis. In a known way in itself, a valid or the rail 1 with the holding devices 24 is partly introduced into the coolant 37, which is located in the sink 42. It is important that the distance of the surface of the rail 1 to the wall of the sink over the length on both sides is equal, also, for intensification and specific equalization of the cooling intensity of the surface of the roller, the roller 1 can be used in a useful way in the sink 38 or. in the cooling medium 37 in the longitudinal direction ranging from, for example, 0.5 to 5 m. Oscillators (not shown) may also be used in the cooling medium 37 or on the sink, which cause the cooling medium to vibrate at a frequency of, for example, 100 to 800 / min, which has a beneficial effect on the cooling intensity.

On some flat part of the rolled profile, optionally on the rail 13 of the rail 1, additional cooling may be erected or introduced 3. Such an additional cooling device may have a supply of water 32 and air 33 and place it on some part of the surface of the roller. a spray stream is directed at the rail leg 31. In order to regulate a lower cooling intensity on the peripheral parts 132 and to form an area with increased material hardness only in the central area 131 of the roll surface or the rail foot surface, it may be advantageous, for example, to provide a coolant release, for example, by means of a suction device.

After cooling down some of the roller immersed in the medium

-14 for cooling 37, and in particular the opposite portion of the cylinder to which the spray stream 31, especially the rail 1, operates, below the material conversion temperature, with an intensity that achieves a fine pearlite microstructure, for example according to FIG. 3 at approx. 500 ^e C, with a cooling rate corresponding to curve f, can be stored in the final cooling zone C at storage room 25 for cooling to room temperature.

As shown in FIG. 2, the rail 1 according to the invention has three regions with different microstructure or. hardness, with transitions formed continuously. In the rail head 11, there is a fine pearlitic region 111 with hardness values between 340 and 390 HB, if necessary up to 425 HB, which goes down to a region 112 with lower hardness, for example from 300 to 320 HB. In the next neck 12, which must have high strength for practical use, the hardness values are adjusted accordingly from 280 to 320 HB. In the leg of the rail 13 there is in the peripheral regions 132, for example, in the neck 12, a pearlitic microstructure with a coarser structure or. blade formation with a hardness of 280 to 320 HB. This formation of microstructure and material properties with low hardness values largely avoids the occurrence of cracks and fractures. The centricrio at the base of the foot on foot 13, however, is the area 131 with increased material strength and hardness values of 300 to 350 HB and above. Such a distribution of the mechanical properties of the material of the invention over the rail cross section results in, as has been found, high stability and very suitable long-term behavior, especially under harsh conditions.

Claims (19)

ΡΑΤΕΙΊΤΝΙ REQUIREMENTS 1. A process for the thermal treatment of a profiled roller, in particular the rails or rails, with increased heat dissipation from parts of the profile surface during cooling from a gamma-based material of iron-based material, converting to a fine pearlite microstructure with increased strength, especially in the rail head area (s), especially in the rail head area increased abrasion resistance and increased hardness and, if appropriate, reduced, preferably substantially prevented from changing shape or shape. due to the thermally conditioned expanded roller, especially the rail, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis when cooled to room temperature, especially after conversion of the microstructure in the reinforced cooled area (s), to achieve increased rigidity and flexural oscillation of the roller, characterized in that roller, in particular the rail, with an average temperature not exceeding 1100 C, preferably 900 ^e C and not less than 750 ° C, in the longitudinal direction of which they are flattened in the longitudinal direction, transmitted and held in the transverse state in the transverse direction and held in the first stage cooling of the rolling mill or the rails or the latter allow the temperature to be equilibrated substantially to below 860 ° C, preferably ca. 820 ° C, especially from 5 to 120 'C above the Ar ^ -temperature of the alloy with the same local cooling intensity, preferably substantially by the radiation in the stationary air, and in the second cooling stage the heat is removed in the longitudinal direction from the locally substantially identical, after a cross-section at a considerably different intensity and an increased cooling intensity is established in at least one region at the periphery of the profiled roller, whereby higher (higher intensity) cooling rates are adapted to (areas) with a large ratio of cross-section to the circumference, respectively, with high volume volume relative to the surface or with a high mass concentration and / or <1.6 those with a locally high rolling temperature, especially rails, and the area (s) with such an increased cooling rate are brought (converted) to the conversion temperature, resulting in a fine pearlite microstructure without martensite under these cooling conditions , then the room temperature is cooled to the next level with the same local cooling intensity, for example, in still air. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat treatment after the thermal transformation of the roller with a transformation rate of 1.8 to 8%, preferably from 2 to 5, is derived from the grill of the thermal transformation in the last plug at a temperature of at least 770 ° C and a maximum of 1050 “C. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an increased cooling intensity is established in two or more regions in the circumference of the profiled roller in the second cooling stage. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the part of the profiled roller having the highest concentration of mass, for example the rail head, is cooled in the dipping process. submerged in some coolant, at the same time that heat is removed from the part (s) of the cylinder other than that intended (for) enhanced cooling, with a lower concentration of mass, such as the rail leg, by means of less cooling intensity, such as compressed air or by spraying air ducts. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cooling intensity range, in particular the composition of the cooling coolant by immersion, is balanced so as to achieve cooling in the temperature range 800 ° C to 450 ° C. near the surface, especially the submerged part, substantially from 1.6 to 2.4 ° C / sec, preferably from ca. 2.0 ° C / sec. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, indicated by a $ test to cool the area in a profiled roller with a T-shaped cross-sectional area, such as, for example, at the rail track leg. a plane opposite to the neck of increased intensity, preferably by compressed air or by an air-water mixture. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, in particular according to Claim 6, characterized in that the area of the surface opposite to the neck is produced with increased cooling intensity, substantially symmetrical to the axis of the neck and is color-limited. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 7, in particular according to Claim 7, characterized by weights, to prevent the increased cooling intensity of the sections of the profiled roller distal to the concentration of mass or mouth of the neck and / or these areas protect against excessive heat dissipation or at least for a short period of time heat up. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the cooling intensity on the surface of the profiled roller, in particular the rail, is adjusted so that the areas in which the gamma-microstructural conversion takes place during cooling, in substantially and / or parallel to concentric to the intersection line. form a neutral center of gravity, or a parallel symmetric plane, preferably at the center of gravity of the surface Method according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cylinder, of which the cross-sectional part is immersed in the coolant in the sink, during its cooling in the longitudinal direction of movement relative to the coolant tank or. sink for sinking. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least during the time in which the part of the cylinder is immersed in the coolant, it is subject to vibration or to vibration. get in the vibe of wounds. 12. A device for the heat treatment of a profiled roller, in particular rolling stock, or. rails, with increased heat dissipation from parts of the profile surface during cooling from a gamma-based material of iron based material, especially for carrying out the process according to one of claims 1 to 11, consisting essentially of at least one preparation area (A) for the roller (1) on a rolling mill (21), with a roll positioning device, from the cooling zone (B), with devices for partial heat removal from the high-intensity surface of the roll (1) and from the final cooling zone (C) ) to cool the roller (1) to room temperature, as well as accessories for transverse transport, holding and manipulation, indicated that the roller (21) has a known roller positioning device and accessories in the preparation area (A) ( 22, 23) for straight or. axial alignment of the profiled roller (1) in the plastic molding thereof; axially transferring the cylinder (1), substantially perpendicular to the axis thereof, from the preparation area (A) to the cooling treatment area (B), wherein a known rolling hardening device is mounted in the area (B) , especially the rail heads, by means of coolant (37) in the sink pan (38), with holding and manipulating devices (24) and an adjustable additional cooling device (3) for intensified cooling of at least one further area of the roll, especially the rail leg and having a final cooling zone (C) a roller depot (25) for cooling it (1) to room temperature. An apparatus according to claim 12, characterized by a complexion that -19Adjust the additional cooling device (3) to the cylinder (1) and to adjust the cooling intensity of the device. Apparatus according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that it has an additional cooling device (3) for forming local, longitudinal or the axial direction of the roller (1) is substantially continuous, in the transverse direction of the limited flow of refrigerant (31) and, if necessary, has means (34) for preventing enhanced heat removal from the surface (s) adjacent to the adjacent cooled surface. Apparatus according to one of Claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the additional cooling device is designed to be compressed air or spray cooled, Apparatus according to one of Claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the roller (1) can be moved in the coolant (37) in the longitudinal axial direction relative to the sink (38) and / or relative to the sink device additional cooling (3). Device according to one of Claims 12 to 16, characterized in that there are self-contained devices on the sink (38) and / or in the coolant (37) by which the coolant (37) can be turbulently moved and / or vibrate. 18. Profile roller, in particular rolling stock or rail (1), consisting of a rail head (21) with at least partly fine pearlite microstructure (111), rail legs (13) and a neck (12) between the rail head (11) and the leg rails (13) specially fabricated according to the method according to one of claims 1 to 11, preferably in an apparatus according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that it has a cross section in the upper section (1) a high hardness of the material (111) of the head (11), whereby in the lower region of the head (112) in the neck (12) and in the peripheral parts (132) the feet (13) are reduced iri are in the center region (131) at base plane feet hardness values of the material increased. A profiled roller according to claim 18, characterized in that the substantially equal values of the hardness of the material are balanced symmetrically on the main axis of the section profile or. symmetric to the vertical axis of the rail cross section.