SI9300529A - Antitoxic and biodecomponsitional pesticides and use the same - Google Patents

Abstract

A non-toxic biodegradable pesticide composition comprising as an active substance a modified starch having the reduction number between 2 and 10, preferably between 4 and 7, which is the product of an acid/thermic hydrolysis of natural starches, especially potato starch, with interruption of the hydrolysis by rapid cooling; a surfactant for regulating adhesion and a preservative is disclosed.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to plant protection and relates to a non-toxic biodegradable pesticidal composition using specially prepared polysaccharides of the homoglycan or heteroglycan type, and in particular modified starch polymers and / or their derivatives, with an insecticidal, acaricidal and fungicidal effect.

State of the art and technical problem

Several groups of insecticides, acaricides and fungicides are used to protect plants against pests. Chemical insecticides, acaricides and fungicides are the most widely known and widely used. Their advantage lies in the rapid and efficient operation. Their long-term use is limited in particular by the following negative effects:

the emergence of pest resistance to chemical plant protection products, resulting in the use of increasing concentrations of existing agents and the constant need for new types of pesticides;

the destruction of beneficial predatory insects and the associated additional destruction of ecological balance;

a long withdrawal period (a long period between the application of the pesticide and the authorized use of the agricultural product), which is an obstacle especially to the production and consumption of vegetables;

high acute and chronic toxicity, which is seen as a danger to users of the safeners and consumers of agricultural products;

environmental pollution, especially water and soil.

For these reasons, there is a marked trend of restricting the use of chemical pesticides. In the future, chemical pesticides are expected to be used only in very limited concentrations and in specific cases. Chemical agents with physical effects are also in use, which are potentially phytotoxic and represent environmentally hazardous substances.

Description of solution to a technical problem

Our research concluded that polysaccharides, especially modified starch polymers and / or their derivatives, exhibited a particular stickiness in aqueous solutions, which prompted the idea of using their solutions to control insects, mites and fungi. Tests have shown that such agents have a pesticidal effect, acting primarily physically (mechanically), such that after application by spraying on the pest surface, a sticky film is formed which prevents them from vital functions, e.g. movement, breathing and reproduction. The pesticides thus prepared are biodegradable derivatives of natural compounds. Pests do not develop resistance to them, they are generally not phytotoxic, they are generally completely non-toxic to humans and animals, which also allows them to be used in aquatic areas and indoors (eg in greenhouses and indoor plants) and eliminates the need for a withdrawal period.

Thus, the first object of the invention is a non-toxic biodegradable pesticidal composition comprising a modified starch with a reduction number between 2 and 10, preferably between 4 and 7, which is a product of the acid / thermal hydrolysis of natural starches, in particular potato starch, upon termination of hydrolysis by rapid cooling, such as active ingredient, surfactant and preservative.

Modified starches, useful as the active ingredients of the pesticidal compositions of the invention, are generally water-soluble substances.

Modified starches with lower reduction numbers are otherwise used to make food products, e.g. pudding accessories. For these products the value of the reduction number is not critical.

Acid / thermal hydrolysis is a standard technological procedure. It is carried out with inorganic acid at a temperature between 150 and 200 ° C and interrupted when the desired reduction number is reached.

The addition of preservative and surfactant is useful for improving the properties of basic pesticide formulations.

Copper salts, in particular copper sulphate, and standard organic preservatives, e.g. sodium benzoate. The concentration of preservatives depends mainly on the type of preservatives and the end use of the pesticide.

The purpose of the addition of a surfactant is primarily to regulate the adhesion of dispersed droplets to biochemically distinct parts of pests and to the cuticle (cuticle) of plants. Particularly suitable surfactants are alkyl aryl polyglycol ether derivatives. Concentration also depends on the nature of the pesticide and the end use of the pesticide.

The pesticide formulation for further use may be in the form of a dry substance or in the form of a real or colloidal solution (mainly aqueous). The stability of such a solution prepared in accordance with the invention was tested and the results showed that no stratification and collapse occurred after more than one year of storage at room temperature in sealed plastic barrels.

A preferred end-use pesticide formulation is a true or colloidal aqueous solution, preferably 2- to 30%, and especially 6- to 20%. The main way of applying pesticides is by spraying.

Such pesticide formulations are viscous and, when sprayed, form tiny droplets that form a film on the insect surface that, when dried, prevents pests from important life processes and activities.

The insects treated in this way have glued wings, sensors (antennas), legs, which prevent them from moving and breathing. After drying, the film of modified starch polymers and / or their derivatives becomes brittle and protrudes from the cuticle of the plants along with dead insects and / or mites. Choosing a dried spray is faster with the top-down watering technique.

With the pesticide of the present invention, the sprayed plant is not impeded in growth and development, and in some cases the application of the pesticide also has a positive effect on the development of the plant. This phenomenon was observed on vines in the coastal climate, where the grape crop had a higher acid content and thus a higher quality. A suspected cause of this phenomenon is a lower absorption of light due to the pesticidal film and thus a change in the ratio of sugars to acids in the crop.

The pesticide formulations prepared according to the invention can also be used in combination (mixtures, solutions) in small quantities - e.g. up to 0.5% based on the amount of final formulation to be applied - standard (eg chemical) pesticides. This type of application often results in a pronounced synergistic effect of the two agents, with the biodegradable pesticide of the invention still retaining its characteristic physical pesticidal effect. With a significantly reduced concentration of the chemical agent, the effect of pest control is greater with additional prolonged pest action. Advantages of such applications are the reduced hectare consumption of toxic pesticides and their less frequent use, while increasing the efficiency of plant protection.

The effectiveness of the new biodegradable non-toxic pesticide with insecticidal, acaricidal and fungicidal effects, and its effectiveness in combination with standard (eg chemical) pesticides, has been demonstrated on fruit trees, vines, vegetables and ornamental plants on various types of pests, eg:

mites (e.g., Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Calepitrimerus vitis, Tarsonemus palidus), different species of aphids (Aphis sp.), white flies (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), woolly aphids (Pseudococcussp.), capers (Coccus quesperidum) apple curd (Cydla pommonellci), grape succulent (Lobesia botrana, EupoeciUia ambiguella), gray grape mold (Botrytis cinerea), vine peronospores (Plasmopara viticora), oidium (Uncinula necator).

Therefore, the second object of the invention is the use of the pesticidal composition of the invention as a physico-mechanical pesticide with insecticidal, acaricidal and fungicidal action for the control of various types of plant pests.

Yet another object of the invention is a pesticidal composition comprising a basic pesticidal composition as defined above, in combination with chemical insecticides, acaricides and fungicides, which provides a synergistic and prolonged action.

The compositions of the invention are so effective that any handling of them is completely harmless, while achieving excellent pesticidal effects.

The invention is explained by way of example examples below.

Example 1

Preparation of a stable pesticide formulation

The pesticidal formulation of the invention is prepared by mixing the following ingredients in a stainless steel boiler at a temperature of about 35 ° C:

(%) a pesticide of the invention as defined 30 in the description

SANDOVIT (Chromos, Zagreb) - surfactant 1 copper sulfate - preservative 0.005 water to 100

Example 2

Preparation of a stable pesticide formulation

We do the same as in Example 1 except that the preservative is 500 ppm sodium benzoate instead of copper sulfate.

Example 3

Preparation of a stable pesticide formulation

We do the same as in Example 1 except that the surfactant is RADOVIT (1%) (Radonja, Sisak) instead of SANDOVIT.

Example 4

Preparation of a stable pesticide formulation

We do the same as in Example 2, except that the surfactant is RADOVIT (1%) (Radonja, Sisak) instead of SANDOVIT.

Example 5

Fruit mite application (Panonychus ulmi)

A 10% and 20% aqueous pesticide solution prepared from the pesticide formulation according to the procedure of Example 1 is applied to adult plants of Gladiolus (Gladiolus sp.) And Datur (Datura sp.) Infected with fruit mites (Panonychus ulmi).

Both plants were grown in the greenhouse of the Agricultural Institute of Slovenia. Gladioles were grown in beams and dature as pots.

Application performance (efficiency calculation) was measured using the Abbott method. Testing has shown a very high performance of the application, which is a strong acaricidal effect of the pesticide.

Table 1 shows the success of pesticide application on fruit mite.

means

20% pesticide 10% pesticide

TABLE 1 effect of pesticide on fruit dust of gladiolus datura

100.0% 100.0%

100.0% 96.8%

Example 6

Application for mites (Calepitrimerus vitis)

A 20% aqueous pesticide solution prepared from the pesticide formulation according to the procedure of Example 1 is applied to adult vines (Vitis vinifera) varieties of Riesling Lasko infected with the mite (Calepitrimerus vitis).

The vines were grown in a commercial vineyard.

The success of pesticide application was determined from a comparison between the length of the internodes of the test plants to which the pesticide was applied and the control plants. The measurement was performed at four different times.

Testing showed a large difference between the internodes of test and control plants, i.e. very high application success rate. very strong acaricidal effect of pesticide.

Table 2 shows the success of the application of the pesticide to the mite.

TABLE 2 internodes length (cm)

plant - a vine I II III IV average 20% pesticide applied 3.97 4.17 3.85 3.15 3.79 control 2.66 2.67 2.23 2.00 2.39

Example 7

Application against aphids (Aphis sp.) Without and in combination with chemical pesticides

The pesticide formulations used in Example 5 were used; 0.05% solution of the commercial chemical pesticide Actellic-50 (active substance: pyrimiphos-methyl, CA 29232-93-7); and a combination of a 10% pesticide solution of the invention to which 0.05% (based on the total amount of test solution) of Actellica-50 is added. The formulations were tested in greenhouses on adult carnations (Dianthus sp.) And calceolaria (Calceolaria rugosa) infected with aphids (Aphissp.).

The pesticide application success was calculated using the Henderson-Tilton formula.

The plants were infected with non-winged aphids. The pesticide showed a very good insecticidal effect. Preliminary testing showed even greater effectiveness against winged forms. In combination with Actellic-50, there is a marked synergistic effect of both agents.

Table 3 shows the success of application of pesticides to aphids (non-winged forms). TABLE III

Effect of pesticides on aphids

means hastily calceolaria 20% pesticide 54.9% 52.3% 10% pesticide 61.8% 45.1% 10% pesticide + 0.05% Actellica-50 93.7% 52.5% 0.05% Actenic-50 82.6% 26.8%

Example 8

Application against US caper (Quadraspidiotus pemiciosus) without and in combination with chemical pesticides

A 10% aqueous pesticide solution prepared from the pesticide formulation was used according to the procedure of Example 1; 0.3% solution of commercial chemical pesticide Mitac-20 (amitraz active substance, CA 33089-61-1); a combination of a 10% pesticide solution of the invention to which 0.3% Mitaca-20 is added; 0.3% solution of commercial chemical pesticide Basudin (diazinon active substance, CA 10311-84-9); and a 1.25% solution of the commercial chemical pesticide Ogriol. The formulations were tested on adult plants of apple (Malus domesticus) jonathan 25 years old infected with American caper (Quadraspidiotuspemiciosus).

Jablane was grown in a test orchard of the Agricultural Institute of Slovenia.

The pesticide application (performance calculation) performance was measured using the Abbott method.

Testing has shown the success of pesticide application (insecticidal effect) compared to commercial pesticides.

Table 4 shows the success of pesticide application on US capers.

TABLE 4 agent effect of pesticide on US capers (%)

10% pesticide

10% pesticide + 0.3% Mitaca-20

0.3% -en Mitac-20 0.3% -en Basudin 1.25% -en Ogriol

54.9

56.7

52.2

69.5

50.5

Example 9

Application against woolly lice (Pseudococcus sp)

The pesticide formulation described in Example 5 is applied to adult wool ear (Ficus benjamin) infected plants (Pseudococcussp.)

Ficus was grown in a greenhouse.

The pesticide application success was calculated using the Henderson-Tilton formula.

Testing showed a high success rate of pesticide application (insecticidal effect).

Table 5 shows the success of pesticide application to wool lice.

TABLE 5 agent effect of pesticide on wool lice (%)

20% pesticide 10% pesticide

77.5

67.5

Example 10

Application against apple wrapper (Cydia pommonella) without and in combination with chemical pesticides

A 10% aqueous pesticide solution prepared from the pesticide formulation was used according to the procedure of Example 1; 0.3% solution of commercial chemical pesticide Mitac-20 (amitraz active substance, CA 33089-61-1); and a combination of a 10% pesticide solution of the invention to which 0.3% Mitaca-20 was added. The formulations were tested on adult plants of apple (Malus domesticus) jonathan varieties aged 25 years infected with an apple wrapper (Cydia pommonella).

Jablane was grown in a test orchard of the Agricultural Institute of Slovenia.

The pesticide application (performance calculation) performance was measured using the Abbott method.

Testing has shown the success of pesticide application (insecticidal effect) compared to commercial pesticides.

Table 6 shows the success of applying the pesticide to the apple wrap.

TABLE 6 pesticide agent effect on apple wrap (%)

10% pesticide 81.4

10% pesticide + 0.3% Mitaca-20 86.2

0.3% -en Mitac-20 82.5

Example 11

Grape sucker application (Lobesia botrana, Eupoecillia ambiguella)

A 15% aqueous pesticide solution prepared from the pes12 ticide formulation was used according to the procedure of Example 1; and · 0.3% solution of commercial chemical pesticide Mitac-20 (amitraz active substance, CA 33089-61-1). The formulation was tested on adult vine plants (Vitis vinifera) of the royal variety infected with grape sulcus (Lobesia botrana, Eupoecillia ambiguella).

The vines were grown in a commercial vineyard.

The pesticide application (performance calculation) performance was measured using the Abbott method.

Testing showed the success of the pesticide application (insecticide effect) compared to the commercial pesticide.

Table 7 shows the success of the application of the pesticide to the grape juice.

means

15% pesticide 0.3% mitac-20

Example 12

TABLE 7 effect of pesticide on grape juice (%)

80.3

89.5

Application against gray grape mold (Botrytis cinerea)

A 20% aqueous pesticide solution prepared from the pesticide formulation according to the procedure of Example 1 was applied to adult vines (Vitis vinifera) of the royal variety infected with gray grape mold (Botrytis cinerea).

The vines were grown in a commercial vineyard.

The pesticide application (performance calculation) performance was measured using the Abbott method.

Testing showed the success of the pesticide application (fungicidal effect).

Table 8 shows the success of pesticide application on gray grape mold.

means

20% pesticide

TABLE 8 effect of pesticide on gray grape mold (%)

54.4

Example 13

Vine perospore application (Plasmopara viticola) without and in combination with chemical pesticides

The pesticide formulations described in Example 5 were used; 0.25% solution of commercial chemical pesticide Dithane M45 (mancozeb active substance, CA 8018-01-7); and a combination of 10% pesticide solution of the invention, to which 0.25% Dithana M45 was added. The formulations were tested on vine vines (Vitis vinifera) infected with peronospora (Plasmopara viticora).

Grapevines were grown in a commercial cane.

Application success (pesticide efficacy calculation) was measured using the Abbott method.

The pesticide showed a very good fungicidal effect. Combined with the Dithan M45, there is a marked synergistic effect of both agents.

Table 9 shows the success of pesticide application on peronospore vines.

TABLE 9

means effect of pesticide on peronospore (%) 20% pesticide 51.3 10% pesticide 25.7 0.25% Dithane M45 62.0 10% pesticide + 0.25% Dithana M45 85.6

Example 14

Anti-oid application (Uncinula necator) without and in combination with chemical pesticides

The pesticide formulations described in Example 5 were used; 0.038% solution of commercial chemical pesticide Topas 100 EC (active substance: penconazole, CA 66246-88-6); a combination of a 10% pesticide solution of the invention to which 0.038% Topas 100 EC was added; 0.5% commercial chemical pesticide solution Pepelin (active substance: sulfur); and a combination of 10% pesticide solution of the invention, to which 0.5% ash was added. The formulations were tested on adult vine plants (Vitis vinifera) of Chardonnay infected with oidium (Unicula necator).

The vines were grown in a commercial vineyard.

The pesticide application (performance calculation) performance was measured using the Abbott method.

The pesticide showed a very good fungicidal effect. Combined with Topas 100 EC or Ashes, there is a marked synergistic effect of both agents.

Table 10 shows the success of pesticide application on oidium.

means

TABLE 10 effect of pesticide on oidium (%)

20% pesticide 58.3

10% pesticide 41.1

10% pesticide + 0.038% Topas 100 EC 82.1

0.038% Topas 100 EC 76.1

10% pesticide + 0.5% Ash 77.4

0.5% Ash 63.9

Claims (3)

PATENT APPLICATIONS A non-toxic biodegradable pesticidal composition comprising a modified starch with a reduction number between 2 and 10, preferably between 4 and 7, which is the product of acid / thermal hydrolysis of natural starches, in particular potato starch, upon termination of hydrolysis by rapid cooling, as an active ingredient, a surfactant and a preservative. Use of the pesticidal composition of claim 1 as a physico-mechanical pesticide with insecticidal, acaricidal and fungicidal action to control various types of plant pests. A pesticidal composition comprising a pesticidal composition according to claim 1 in combination with chemical insecticides, acaricides and fungicides, which provides synergistic and prolonged action.