SI25727A - Ground and dust-removed straw and procedure for its manufacture - Google Patents
Ground and dust-removed straw and procedure for its manufacture Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Predmet izuma sta mleta in odprašena slama in postopek za njeno proizvodnjo in rešujeta tehnične probleme zagotovitve naravne stelje, ki dobro absorbira vlago, zagotavlja manjšo porabo stelje za zagotovitev ustreznih bivalnih pogojev živali in preprečuje zakisanje zemlje, ki nastane pri odlaganju drugih vrst nastilja, ki vsebujejo lesne komponente, na njivske površine. Kot vhodna surovina pri proizvodnji mlete in odprašene slame, se uporabi kakovostna slama. Velike bale slame, se s sekalnikom za slamo razdrejo in narežejo na določeno dolžino, nakar se slama zdrobi z mlinom, kjer se z uporabo sit prilagodi željena dolžina slame, nakar se drobljena slama odpraši s pomočjo sit in odsesavanja s podtlakom oziroma se iz nje odstranijo fini delci, nakar se izdelek pakira s folijo v bale v obliki kvadrov. V primerjavi z običajno slamo, ki vpija vlago samo ob koncih oziroma prelomih, se z rezanjem in mletjem doseže, da slama vpija vlago po celotni dolžini.The subject of the invention are ground and dusted straw and a process for its production and solve technical problems of providing natural litter that absorbs moisture well, ensures lower litter consumption to ensure adequate living conditions for animals and prevents acidification of the soil resulting from disposal of other types of litter containing wood components, on arable land. Quality straw is used as an input raw material in the production of ground and dusted straw. Large bales of straw are shredded with a straw chopper and cut to a certain length, after which the straw is crushed with a mill, where the desired length of straw is adjusted using sieves, after which the crushed straw is dusted with sieves and vacuum suction or removed. fine particles, after which the product is packed with foil in bales in the form of squares. Compared to conventional straw, which absorbs moisture only at the ends or breaks, by cutting and grinding, the straw absorbs moisture along its entire length.
Description
MLETA IN ODPRAŠENA SLAMA IN POSTOPEK ZA NJENO PROIZVODNJOGROUND AND DUSTED STRAW AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS PRODUCTION
OPIS IZUMADESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Področje tehnikeField of technology
Slama; mleta slama; odprašena slama; narezana slama; drobljena slama; stelja za živali; prehrana v govedoreji; dodatek krmnim mešanicam.Straw; ground straw; dusty straw; sliced straw; crushed straw; litter for animals; nutrition in cattle breeding; additive to compound feed.
Prikaz problemaProblem display
Znanih je več vrst stelj iz naravnih materialov, predvsem: stelja iz slame, stelja iz žagovine, stelja iz lesenih ostružkov in stelja iz konoplje, vsaka od navedenih stelj pa ima svoje pomanjkljivosti.There are several types of bedding made of natural materials, mainly: straw bedding, sawdust bedding, wood shavings bedding and hemp bedding, and each of these bedding has its drawbacks.
Stelja iz slame vpija vlago predvsem skozi vlakna na mestih, kjer je slama rezana. Zaradi velike dolžine slame, ostane predvsem osrednji del slame, zelo slabo izkoriščen.Straw litter absorbs moisture mainly through the fibers in places where the straw is cut. Due to the large length of the straw, the central part of the straw remains very poorly used.
Stelja iz žagovine dobro vpija vlago, vendar jo za razliko od slame tudi zelo hitro oddaja. Prav tako stelja iz žagovine, pri odlaganju uporabljene stelje na njivske površine, povzroča zakisanost zemlje. V primeru, da se žival uleže na žagovino, se vlaga iz žagovine prenese na kožo živali.Sawdust litter absorbs moisture well, but unlike straw, it also releases it very quickly. Also, sawdust litter, when deposited used litter on arable land, causes acidification of the soil. In case the animal lies down on the sawdust, the moisture from the sawdust is transferred to the animal's skin.
Stelja iz lesenih ostružkov, je bolj primerna za glodavce kot za rejo kopitaijev. Stelja iz konoplje redko pride v poštev, zaradi višje cene.Litter made of wood shavings is more suitable for rodents than for hoof breeding. Hemp litter is rarely considered, due to the higher price.
V pričujočem izumu je prikazana stelja iz slame, kije obdelana tako, da se lahko celotna prepoji z vlago in kljub temu dobro akumulira vlago v sebi in je enostavno ne prenaša na živali v primeru stika stelje in živalske kože. Prav tako stelja iz slame ne povzroča zakisanost zemlje pri njenem odlaganju na njivske površine.The present invention shows a litter made of straw, which is treated in such a way that it can be completely soaked with moisture and nevertheless accumulates moisture well in itself and is simply not transmitted to animals in the event of contact between litter and animal skin. Also, straw litter does not cause acidification of the soil when it is deposited on arable land.
Stanje tehnikeState of the art
Na mestih, kjer so vhlevljene živali, je potrebno zagotoviti ustrezne bivalne pogoje. Ob zagotovljenih bivalnih površinah, je potrebno med drugim poskrbeti še za hrano in steljo.Appropriate living conditions must be provided in places where animals are housed. In addition to the provided living space, it is necessary to take care of food and bedding, among other things.
Stelja zagotavlja predvsem vpijanje vlage, do katere predvsem pride zaradi uriniranja živali, razen odvajanja vlage pa stelja pripomore k toplotni izolaciji med podlago in živaljo. Stelja preprečuje tudi, da bi živali začele boleti noge od dolgotrajnega stanja na trdi podlagi, zato je pri izbiri stelje pomembno, da se v naprej pomisli na udobje, ki ga izbrana stelja nudi živalim. Steljo je potrebno redno menjavati, oziroma jo prečistiti in delno nadomestiti z novo steljo.The litter mainly ensures the absorption of moisture, which occurs mainly due to the urination of the animal, and in addition to the removal of moisture, the litter contributes to the thermal insulation between the substrate and the animal. Litter also prevents animals from starting to ache their legs from prolonged standing on a hard surface, so when choosing bedding, it is important to think in advance about the comfort that the chosen bedding offers to the animals. The bedding must be changed regularly, or cleaned and partially replaced with new bedding.
Steljo je možno tudi nadomestiti ali delno nadomestiti s podlago iz umetnih materialov, prednostno gumijaste podlage, katerih slabost je predvsem strošek podlage. Gumijaste podlage so mehke in proti-zdrsne in pomagajo pri izboljšanju zdravja parkljev pri govedu.The bedding can also be replaced or partially replaced with a base made of artificial materials, preferably rubber bases, the disadvantage of which is mainly the cost of the base. Rubber pads are soft and anti-slip and help improve hoof health in cattle.
Večinoma pa se uporablja stelja iz naravnih materialov, pri čemer predvsem ločimo:Most of the bedding is made of natural materials, and we mainly distinguish:
- steljo iz slame, ki zagotavlja boljše leglo in povečuje udobje in boljše počutje živali. Stelja uporabljena v ta namen zmanjšuje tveganje za okužbo. V kolikor se doda k stelji še žagovina, se možnost bolezni kopita pri govedu zmanjšajo na minimum. Z uporabo slamnate stelje pri prašičih, se prav tako zmanjša možnost okužb. Predvsem pri vzreji prašičev je priporočljiva predvsem uporaba stelje iz slame. Stelja iz slame ima to dobro lastnost, da vase ne absorbira samo vlage ampak tudi vonj. Ta lastnost se ne izkorišča samo v hlevih, temveč tudi pri raztrosu gnoja po njivah. V gnoju brez dodane slame se dušik mineralizira v sedmih dneh do 50%, po dvajsetih dneh pa izgubi gnoj več kot 80% svoje vrednosti. Slama, kije zelo bogata z ogljikom, služi kot hrana za gnojne bakterije, zaradi česar je izkoristek gnojenja zemlje bistveno boljši. Slabost klasične stelje iz slame je v tem, da slama predvsem vpija vlago preko vlaken in sicer na mestih, kjer je rezana. Zaradi dolžine slame, se slama namoči predvsem na robovih, večji oziroma osrednji del slame pa ostane neizkoriščen,- straw bedding, which provides a better litter and increases the comfort and well-being of the animals. Litter used for this purpose reduces the risk of infection. If sawdust is added to the litter, the possibility of hoof disease in cattle is reduced to a minimum. By using straw litter in pigs, the possibility of infections is also reduced. Especially in pig breeding, the use of straw litter is recommended. Straw litter has this good property that it absorbs not only moisture but also odor. This property is used not only in stables, but also in the spreading of manure in the fields. In manure without added straw, nitrogen is mineralized in seven days to 50%, and after twenty days the manure loses more than 80% of its value. Straw, which is very rich in carbon, serves as food for manure bacteria, which makes the efficiency of fertilizing the soil significantly better. The disadvantage of classic straw bedding is that straw mainly absorbs moisture through the fibers in the places where it is cut. Due to the length of the straw, the straw gets wet mainly at the edges, while the larger or central part of the straw remains unused,
- stelja iz žagovine, katera je ostanek pri žaganju lesa in je zelo primerna za vse vrste kopitaijev, saj odganja možne okužbe z bakterijami in preprečuje nastanek bolezni. Prav tako ostaja podlaga relativno suha, saj žago vina vase absorbira vlago, vendar pa v primeru, da se žival uleže na mokro žagovino, le ta prenese vlago na žival,- sawdust litter, which is a residue when sawing wood and is very suitable for all types of hooves, as it repels possible infections with bacteria and prevents the development of disease. The base also remains relatively dry, as the wine saw absorbs moisture, but if the animal lies down on wet sawdust, it will transfer moisture to the animal,
- stelja iz lesenih ostružkov, katera je predvsem primerna za glodavce, saj jim poleg nastilja pomeni tudi dodatek k prehrani. Za kopitarje je manj primerna, saj se z njo ne prehranjujejo. Pri njih je bolj smiselna uporaba slame ali žagovine. Je pa priporočeno, da se tudi stelja iz lesenih ostružkov pomeša z žagovino, slamo ali čim podobnim,- litter made of wood shavings, which is especially suitable for rodents, as in addition to bedding it also means a food supplement. It is less suitable for ungulates, as they do not feed on it. They make more sense to use straw or sawdust. However, it is recommended that wood shavings be mixed with sawdust, straw or the like,
- Stelja iz konoplje je bolj vpojna od klasične slame in od lesnih sekancev. Stelja je manj v uporabi, tudi zaradi višje nabavne cene.- Hemp litter is more absorbent than classic straw and wood chips. Litter is less in use, also due to the higher purchase price.
Opis nove rešitveDescription of the new solution
Predmet izuma sta mleta in odprašena slama in postopek za njeno proizvodnjo in rešujeta tehnične probleme zagotovitve naravne stelje, ki dobro absorbira vlago, zagotavlja manjšo porabo stelje za zagotovitev ustreznih bivalnih pogojev živali in preprečuje zakisanje zemlje, ki nastane pri odlaganju drugih vrst nastilja, ki vsebujejo lesne komponente, na njivske površine, hkrati pa je mleta in odprašena slama uporabna tudi za prehrano v govedoreji.The subject of the invention is ground and dusted straw and a process for its production and solves technical problems of providing natural litter that absorbs moisture well, ensures lower litter consumption to ensure adequate living conditions for animals and prevents acidification of soil resulting from disposal of other types of litter containing wood components, on arable land, and at the same time ground and dusted straw is also useful for food in cattle breeding.
Mleta in odprašena slama po izumu:Ground and dusted straw according to the invention:
- je popolnoma naraven proizvod,- is a completely natural product,
- izboljšuje pogoje za zdravje živali,- improves animal health conditions,
- zagotavlja manjšo porabo nastilja,- ensures lower bedding consumption,
- zagotavlja večjo vpojnost vlage,- provides higher moisture absorption,
- zagotavlja zmanjšanje vonjav oziroma izboljšanje klimatskih razmer v hlevu,- ensures the reduction of odors or the improvement of climatic conditions in the barn,
- je bolj prebavljiva kot neodprašena in nerezana slama v krmnem obroku,- is more digestible than unpollinated and uncut straw in the feed ration,
- zagotavlja boljšo izkoristljivost hrane,- ensures better utilization of food,
- zagotavlja enostavno odlaganje in uporabo kot gnojilo in ne povzroča zakisanost zemlje.- provides easy disposal and use as a fertilizer and does not cause acidification of the soil.
Kot vhodna surovina pri proizvodnji mlete in odprašene slame, se uporabi kakovostna slama, prednostno pšenična slama. Na proizvodni liniji, se surovina najprej zmelje in nareže na kratke delce. V primerjavi z običajno slamo, ki vpija vlago samo ob koncih oziroma prelomih, se z rezanjem in mletjem doseže, da slama vpija vlago po celotni dolžini. Povečana vpojnost mlete in odprašene slame omogoča boljšo vezavo živalskih iztrebkov, kar posledično pomeni količinsko manj nastilja in manjše potrebe po skladiščnih kapacitetah za nastilj. Zaradi boljše vezave amonijaka na mleto in odprašeno slamo, se bistveno zmanjšajo vonjave v hlevu.As an input raw material in the production of ground and dusted straw, quality straw is used, preferably wheat straw. On the production line, the raw material is first ground and cut into short pieces. Compared to conventional straw, which absorbs moisture only at the ends or breaks, by cutting and grinding, the straw absorbs moisture along its entire length. Increased absorption of ground and dusted straw enables better binding of animal excrement, which consequently means less litter and less storage capacity for litter. Due to better binding of ammonia to ground and dusted straw, odors in the barn are significantly reduced.
V postopku proizvodnje se slama odpraši, da se dobi čista mleta in odprašena slama, brez nečistoč. Zmanjšanje količine prahu v hlevu bistveno pripomore k izboljšanemu zdravju živali.In the production process, the straw is dusted to obtain pure ground and dusted straw, free of impurities. Reducing the amount of dust in the barn significantly contributes to improved animal health.
Pri proizvodnji mlete in odprašene slame se kot vhodna surovina uporabijo velike bale slame, ki se s sekalnikom za slamo razdrejo in grobo narežejo na določeno dolžino, nakar se slama zmelje oziroma zdrobi z mlinom, kjer se z uporabo sit prilagodi željena dolžina slame, zatem se drobljena slama odpraši s pomočjo sit in odsesavanja s podtlakom oziroma se iz nje odstranijo fini delci.In the production of ground and dusted straw, large bales of straw are used as input material, which are cut with a straw chopper and roughly cut to a certain length, after which the straw is ground or crushed with a mill, where the desired length of straw is adjusted using sieves. the crushed straw is dusted by means of sieves and vacuum suction or fine particles are removed from it.
Po odstranitvi finih delcev, se mleta in odprašena slama pakira v ustrezno embalažo, prednostno se pakira v folijo, prednostno v obliko kvadrov, ustreznih pred-nastavljenih dimenzij.After removing the fine particles, the ground and dusted straw is packed in suitable packaging, preferably packed in foil, preferably in the form of squares, of appropriate pre-set dimensions.
Velike bale slame, ki se uporabijo kot vhodna surovina, se naredijo na njivi v času žetve in se skladiščijo v hali do začetka proizvodnega postopka.Large bales of straw, used as input, are made in the field at harvest time and stored in the hall until the start of the production process.
Uporaba mlete in odprašene slame ima prednost pred ostalimi oblikami nastilja. Kot nastilj so popularni lesni oblanci in žago vina, ki pa povzročata težavo pri odlaganju. Pretirano odlaganje nastilja, ki vsebuje lesne komponente na njivske površine, srednjeročno pripelje do zakisanja zemlje. Obstaja velika verjetnost, da tovrstnega nastilja v bodoče več ne bo mogoče odlagati na njive, temveč bo potrebno poskrbeti za odvoz odpadkov. Tovrstnih težav v primeru mlete in odprašene slame ni, saj mleta in odprašena slama razpade še hitreje kot običajna.The use of ground and dusted straw takes precedence over other forms of bedding. Wood chips and a wine saw are popular as bedding, but they cause a problem with disposal. Excessive deposition of litter containing wood components on arable land leads to acidification of the soil in the medium term. There is a high probability that in the future it will no longer be possible to dispose of this type of litter in the fields, but it will be necessary to take care of waste disposal. There are no such problems in the case of ground and dusted straw, as ground and dusted straw disintegrates even faster than usual.
Kot nastilj je mleta in odprašena slama, uporabna predvsem v konjereji, reji perutnine in prašičereji. Uporaba mlete in odprašene slame kot nastilja pripomore k izboljšanju bivalnih razmer v hlevu, saj je hlev bolj čist in urejen. Mleta in odprašena slama se ne praši, kar pozitivno vpliva na zdravje živali.As bedding is ground and dusted straw, useful mainly in horse breeding, poultry farming and pig farming. The use of ground and dusted straw as bedding helps to improve the living conditions in the barn, as the barn is cleaner and tidier. Ground and dusted straw is not dusted, which has a positive effect on animal health.
Mleta in odprašena slama, je uporabna tudi za prehrano v govedoreji, še posebej na kmetijah z intenzivnim pitanjem goveda na osnovi koruzne silaže, koruznega zdroba, beljakovinskega in vitaminsko - mineralnega dodatka. V takih obrokih primanjkuje strukturne surove vlaknine, ki jo govedo potrebuje za prežvekovanje. Hranilne snovi v slami so slabo prebavljive, zato slama ni nosilec hranilnih snovi, pač pa dragocen nosilec strukture in surove vlaknine.Ground and dusted straw is also useful for cattle breeding, especially on farms with intensive fattening of cattle on the basis of corn silage, corn meal, protein and vitamin - mineral supplement. Such meals lack the structural crude fiber that cattle need to chew. The nutrients in straw are poorly digested, so straw is not a carrier of nutrients, but a valuable carrier of structure and crude fiber.
Uporaba mlete in odprašene slame, kot dodatek v krmnem obroku, ugodno vpliva na proces prežvekovanja, saj je slama drobljena in na kratko narezana. V krmni obrok se doda količina mlete in odprašene slame, kot je predvideno iz izračunanega krmnega obroka.The use of ground and dusted straw as an additive in the feed ration has a beneficial effect on the chewing process, as the straw is crushed and cut short. The amount of ground and dusted straw is added to the feed ration as predicted from the calculated feed ration.
Mleto in odprašeno slamo, je možno uporabljati tudi v vrtnarstvu in sadjarstvu kot talno pokrivalo ali tudi kot naravni zvočno toplotni izolator pri gradnji različnih stavb in hiš.Ground and dusted straw can also be used in horticulture and fruit growing as a floor covering or also as a natural sound and heat insulator in the construction of various buildings and houses.
Podrobneje je bistvo izuma pojasnjeno v nadaljevanju z opisom izvedbenega primera.The essence of the invention is explained in more detail below with the description of an exemplary embodiment.
Izvedbeni primer:Embodiment:
Kot vhodna surovina pri proizvodnji mlete in odprašene slame se uporabi kakovostna pšenična slama, ki je zbalirana v velike bale slame teže 300 do 500 kilogramov. Velike bale slame se naredijo na njivi v času žetve in se skladiščijo v hali, do začetka proizvodnega postopka.As an input raw material in the production of ground and dusted straw, high-quality wheat straw is used, which is baled into large bales of straw weighing 300 to 500 kilograms. Large bales of straw are made in the field at harvest time and stored in the hall until the start of the production process.
Pri proizvodnji mlete in odprašene slame se velike bale slame s sekalnikom za slamo razdrejo in se slama grobo narežejo na dolžino, približno 10 centimetrov. Po rezanju slame, se narezana slama melje oziroma drobi s pomočjo mlina, kjer se z uporabo sit prilagodi željena dolžina slame, kjer so v izvedbenem primeru uporabljena sita z odprtinami 2 centimetra, kar posledično pomeni slamo dolžine 2 do 3 centimetre.In the production of ground and dusted straw, large bales of straw are cut with a straw chopper and the straw is roughly cut to a length of about 10 centimeters. After cutting the straw, the cut straw is ground or crushed with the help of a mill, where the desired length of straw is adjusted using sieves, where in the embodiment sieves with openings of 2 centimeters are used, which consequently means straw length of 2 to 3 centimeters.
V primerjavi z običajno slamo, ki vpija vlago samo ob koncih oziroma prelomih, se z rezanjem in drobljenjem doseže, da slama vpija vlago po celotni dolžini zaradi zdrobitve rastlinskih vlaken. Povečana vpojnost mlete in odprašene slame omogoča boljšo vezavo gnojevke, kar posledično pomeni količinsko manj nastilja in s tem tudi manjše potrebe po skladiščnih kapacitetah za nastilj. Zaradi boljše vezave amonijaka na mleto in odprašeno slamo, se bistveno zmanjšajo vonjave v hlevu.Compared to conventional straw, which absorbs moisture only at the ends or breaks, cutting and shredding achieve that the straw absorbs moisture along its entire length due to the crushing of plant fibers. Increased absorption of ground and dusted straw enables better bonding of manure, which consequently means less litter and thus less need for storage capacity for litter. Due to better binding of ammonia to ground and dusted straw, odors in the barn are significantly reduced.
V postopku proizvodnje se slamo nato odpraši, da se dobi čista mleta in odprašena slama, brez nečistoč. S pomočjo sit in aspiracije se odstranijo fini prašni delci, katerih masni delež v zmleti slami je 15 do 20 procentov, kar je odvisno predvsem od vrste in kvalitete slame.In the production process, the straw is then dusted to obtain pure ground and dusted straw, free of impurities. With the help of sieves and aspiration, fine dust particles are removed, the mass fraction of which in the ground straw is 15 to 20 percent, which depends mainly on the type and quality of the straw.
Po odstranitvi finih delcev, se mleta in odprašena slama zapakira v folijo, v obliko kvadrov, dimenzij 80 x 40 x 27 centimetrov, katerih teža znaša 20 kilogramov. Bale se zložijo na standardne palete dimenzij 120 x 80 centimetrov, tako da se zložita dve bali ena ob drugi, ki imata skupno dimenzijo 80 x 80 x 27 centimetrov, ena bala pa se zloži prečno tako, da imajo tri skupaj zložene bale 120 x 80x 27 centimetrov.After removing the fine particles, the ground and dusted straw is packed in foil, in the form of squares, measuring 80 x 40 x 27 centimeters and weighing 20 kilograms. The bales are stacked on standard pallets measuring 120 x 80 centimeters by stacking two bales side by side with a total dimension of 80 x 80 x 27 centimeters, and one bale is stacked transversely so that the three bales are stacked together 120 x 80x 27 centimeters.
Na paleto se zloži 18, 24 ali 27 bal, kar pomeni, da se po višini zloži 6, 8 ali 9 vrst bal, kar da skupno višino zloženih bal 162,216 ali 243 centimetrov. Na paletah zložene bale, se s tovornim vozilom dostavijo do naročnika.18, 24 or 27 bales are stacked on the pallet, which means that 6, 8 or 9 types of bales are stacked in height, which gives a total height of stacked bales of 162,216 or 243 centimeters. Bales stacked on pallets are delivered to the customer by truck.
Pri uporabi mlete in odprašene slame kot nastilj za konje, se na boks velikosti 8-12 kvadratnih metrov porabijo 2 -3 bale. Iz boksa se dnevno odstranijo iztrebki in nadomesti odstranjena količina slame.When using ground and dusted straw as bedding for horses, 2 -3 bales are used on a box of 8-12 square meters. Excrement is removed from the box daily and the amount of straw removed is replaced.
Uporabljena stelja se pri čiščenju boksov vrže na vibrirajočo rahlo nagnjeno rešetko. Z iztrebki nevezana slama pada skozi rešetko na dno boksa, iztrebki pa skupaj z vezano slamo na koncu vibrirajoče rešetke padejo v samokolnico, s katero se konjski iztrebki odpeljejo na gnoj.Used litter is thrown onto a vibrating slightly sloping grid when cleaning the boxes. The straw bound by the excrement falls through the grate to the bottom of the box, and the excrement together with the bound straw at the end of the vibrating grate falls into the wheelbarrow, with which the horse excrement is taken to the manure.
V povprečju, se tedensko porabita ena do dve bali na konjski boks. Enkrat mesečno, je priporočljivo zamenjati celotni nastilj.On average, one to two bales per horse box are spent per week. Once a month, it is recommended to replace the entire bedding.
Razumljiveje, daje mogoče opisano rešitev izvesti tudi v drugačni oblikovni izvedenki, ki ne spreminja bistva izuma.More understandably, the described solution can also be implemented in a different embodiment, which does not change the essence of the invention.
Claims (22)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI202000003A SI25727A (en) | 2020-01-08 | 2020-01-08 | Ground and dust-removed straw and procedure for its manufacture |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| SI202000003A SI25727A (en) | 2020-01-08 | 2020-01-08 | Ground and dust-removed straw and procedure for its manufacture |
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| SI25727A true SI25727A (en) | 2020-05-29 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| OO00 | Grant of patent |
Effective date: 20200608 |