SE7602708L - Sett att framstella formstycken - Google Patents

Sett att framstella formstycken

Info

Publication number
SE7602708L
SE7602708L SE7602708A SE7602708A SE7602708L SE 7602708 L SE7602708 L SE 7602708L SE 7602708 A SE7602708 A SE 7602708A SE 7602708 A SE7602708 A SE 7602708A SE 7602708 L SE7602708 L SE 7602708L
Authority
SE
Sweden
Prior art keywords
molecular weight
chain extender
weight below
polyol
polyol mixture
Prior art date
Application number
SE7602708A
Other languages
English (en)
Swedish (sv)
Inventor
H Schefer
C Weber
Original Assignee
Bayer Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayer Ag filed Critical Bayer Ag
Publication of SE7602708L publication Critical patent/SE7602708L/xx

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/4009Two or more macromolecular compounds not provided for in one single group of groups C08G18/42 - C08G18/64
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/65Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2120/00Compositions for reaction injection moulding processes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/05Use of one or more blowing agents together
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/83Injection molding of polyolefin-type foam

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
SE7602708A 1975-03-27 1976-02-27 Sett att framstella formstycken SE7602708L (sv)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2513817A DE2513817C3 (de) 1975-03-27 1975-03-27 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schaumstoff-Formkörpern kompakter Randzone und zelligem Kern

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
SE7602708L true SE7602708L (sv) 1976-09-28

Family

ID=5942650

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
SE7602708A SE7602708L (sv) 1975-03-27 1976-02-27 Sett att framstella formstycken

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US4065410A (ru)
JP (1) JPS51119796A (ru)
BE (1) BE840065A (ru)
BR (1) BR7601861A (ru)
CA (1) CA1070450A (ru)
DE (1) DE2513817C3 (ru)
ES (1) ES446394A1 (ru)
FR (1) FR2305454A1 (ru)
GB (1) GB1505208A (ru)
IT (1) IT1057385B (ru)
PL (1) PL101856B1 (ru)
SE (1) SE7602708L (ru)

Families Citing this family (85)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1035789B (it) * 1974-06-21 1979-10-20 Mccord Corp Schiuma uretanica che assorbe energia d urto in particolare per paraurti di autoveicoli
EP0002724A1 (en) * 1977-12-23 1979-07-11 Mobay Chemical Corporation Process for the production of elastomeric polyurethane moldings and the product of this process
DE2817456A1 (de) * 1978-04-21 1979-10-31 Bayer Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von thermoplastischen polyurethanelastomeren
DE2825569A1 (de) * 1978-06-10 1979-12-20 Basf Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von lichtbestaendigen polyurethan-integralschaumstoffen
JPS5558215A (en) * 1978-10-24 1980-04-30 Asahi Glass Co Ltd Urethane elastomer composition for reaction injection molding
JPS5566917A (en) * 1978-11-14 1980-05-20 Toyo Tire & Rubber Co Ltd Manufacture of non-yellowing integral polyurethane foam
DE2906136C2 (de) * 1979-02-17 1983-12-08 Fa. Carl Freudenberg, 6940 Weinheim Verfahren zur Herstellung von niedrigschmelzenden Polyurethanen
US4243760A (en) * 1979-05-23 1981-01-06 Texaco Development Corporation Reaction injection molded polyurethane
DE2922769A1 (de) * 1979-06-05 1980-12-11 Phoenix Ag Formteil aus polyurethan-integralschaum fuer aussenteile von kraftfahrzeugen
JPS565814A (en) * 1979-06-29 1981-01-21 Toyota Motor Corp Preparation of polyurethane automobile part
US4242463A (en) * 1979-12-19 1980-12-30 Sheller-Globe Corporation Color stable integral skin foam
US4297444A (en) * 1980-02-11 1981-10-27 Texaco Development Corp. Process for rim elastomers with superior high temperature dimensional stability
US4287307A (en) * 1980-03-05 1981-09-01 Plastics Technology Associates, Inc. Integral skin microcellular polyester base polyurethane elastomers
US4301110A (en) * 1980-08-25 1981-11-17 Texaco Inc. Rim elastomers with improved heat distortion and tear properties
US4321333A (en) * 1981-04-16 1982-03-23 The Upjohn Company Polyurethane prepared from polyisocyanate blend
JPS57209920A (en) * 1981-06-18 1982-12-23 Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd Production of polyurethane
DE3278636D1 (en) * 1981-11-20 1988-07-14 Hitachi Ltd Heat-insulating moulding and process for preparing the same
GB2121813B (en) * 1982-05-01 1985-09-18 Belzona Molecular Metalife Polyurethane composition
US4385133A (en) * 1982-06-07 1983-05-24 The Upjohn Company Novel compositions and process
JPS5927911A (ja) * 1982-08-06 1984-02-14 Kao Corp ポリウレタンの製造法
DE3229412A1 (de) * 1982-08-06 1984-02-09 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Verfahren zur herstellung von dianhydrohexitol-gemischen aus hexitolen, dianhydro-idit enthaltende dianhydro-hexitol-gemischen und ihre verwendung zur herstellung von polymeren
DE3231399A1 (de) * 1982-08-24 1984-03-01 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Verfahren zur herstellung von gegebenenfalls zellfoermigen formkoerpern
US4423162A (en) * 1982-09-07 1983-12-27 Henkel Corporation Polyurethanes from hydroxymethyl polyols and polyisocyanates
JPS59100124A (ja) * 1982-11-30 1984-06-09 Asahi Oorin Kk 硬質フオ−ムの成形方法
US5008033A (en) * 1983-02-16 1991-04-16 The Dow Chemical Company Internal mold release compositions
US5011647A (en) * 1983-02-16 1991-04-30 The Dow Chemical Company Internal mold release compositions
US4876019A (en) * 1983-02-16 1989-10-24 The Dow Chemical Company Internal mold release compositions
DE3326566A1 (de) * 1983-07-22 1985-01-31 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Reversibel blockierte katalysatoren enthaltende polyisocyanat-zubereitungen, ein verfahren zu ihrer herstellung, ihre verwendung zur herstellung von polyurethankunststoffen, sowie anlagerungsprodukte von sulfonylisocyanaten an katalysatoren mit zinn (ii)- bzw. zinn (iv)-carboxylat-struktur
US4448903A (en) * 1983-07-25 1984-05-15 Mobay Chemical Corporation Novel system for the production of polyurethanes
DE3347573A1 (de) * 1983-12-30 1985-07-11 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Verfahren zur herstellung von gegebenenfalls zellfoermigen formkoerpern
DE3407931A1 (de) * 1984-03-03 1985-09-05 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Verfahren zur herstellung von formkoerpern auf basis von harnstoffgruppen aufweisenden polyurethanen
US4536522A (en) * 1984-07-18 1985-08-20 Texaco Inc. Manufacture of polyols and rigid polyurethane foam using thiodialkylene glycols
DE3501857A1 (de) * 1985-01-22 1986-07-24 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Verfahren zur herstellung von neuen polyisocyanat-zubereitungen, die nach dem verfahren erhaeltlichen zubereitungen und ihre verwendung bei der herstellung von kunststoffen nach dem isocyanat-polyadditionsverfahren
US4631298A (en) * 1985-12-16 1986-12-23 Ethyl Corporation Mixed diamine chain extender
US4957654A (en) * 1987-04-10 1990-09-18 Tufts Timothy A Method for making a storage stable blend of a long chain polyol and a short chain diol by incorporating a bisphenol therein and the resulting blend
US4755321A (en) * 1987-05-22 1988-07-05 Ashland Oil, Inc. Storage stable polyol compositions
EP0341310A4 (en) * 1987-07-21 1991-10-23 Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd Injection molding method
US4792576A (en) * 1987-07-23 1988-12-20 Mobay Corporation Production of polyurethane moldings by the reaction injection molding process
USRE33609E (en) * 1987-07-23 1991-06-11 Mobay Corporation Production of polyurethane moldings by the reaction injection molding process
US5003027A (en) * 1987-08-07 1991-03-26 Mobay Corporation Ester group containing polyols in a RIM process
US4929697A (en) * 1987-08-07 1990-05-29 Mobay Corporation Use of ester group containing polyols in a rim process
DE3802427A1 (de) * 1987-10-06 1989-08-03 Bayer Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von formkoerpern oder folien
US4960622A (en) * 1987-12-03 1990-10-02 Futura Coatings, Inc. Artificial urethane rock
DE3829583A1 (de) * 1988-09-01 1990-03-08 Bayer Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von formkunststoffen auf polyurethan-basis und deren verwendung als schuhsohlen
US5538679A (en) * 1988-11-29 1996-07-23 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process of making molded products
US4986929A (en) * 1989-08-23 1991-01-22 Mobay Corporation Novel isocyanate blends
US5166183A (en) * 1991-04-16 1992-11-24 Miles Inc. Water-blown integral skin polyurethane foams
JPH04325533A (ja) * 1991-04-25 1992-11-13 Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd インテグラルスキンフォーム成形品
US5114980A (en) * 1991-05-20 1992-05-19 Industrial Technology Research Institute Polyurethane integral skin foam of low ozone depletion potential
US5491175A (en) * 1992-04-10 1996-02-13 The Dow Chemical Company Polyurethane foam molding
DE19521798A1 (de) * 1995-06-16 1996-12-19 Bayer Ag Polyurethanelastomere aus aliphatischen Polyisocyanaten und Polyesteretherpolyolen
US5739247A (en) * 1996-08-05 1998-04-14 Bayer Corporation Production of structural reaction injection molded polyurethane products of high flex modulus and high elongation
US5691392A (en) * 1997-02-05 1997-11-25 Ppg Industries, Inc. Stable particulate dispersions
DE19721220C1 (de) 1997-05-21 1998-08-20 Bayer Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von weichen bis halbharten Polyurethanintegralschaumstoffen
US5889068A (en) * 1997-07-24 1999-03-30 Bayer Corporation Water blown polyurethane soling systems
WO2004094506A2 (en) * 2003-04-23 2004-11-04 Stepan Company Liquid hardness agent for open cell foams
DE10359075B3 (de) * 2003-12-17 2005-06-02 Bayer Materialscience Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyurethanintegralschaumstoffen
US7763341B2 (en) 2004-01-23 2010-07-27 Century-Board Usa, Llc Filled polymer composite and synthetic building material compositions
CN101111353B (zh) 2004-06-24 2011-09-28 世纪-博得美国公司 用于三维泡沫产品的连续成型设备
US7794224B2 (en) 2004-09-28 2010-09-14 Woodbridge Corporation Apparatus for the continuous production of plastic composites
US20070142601A1 (en) * 2005-12-15 2007-06-21 Bayer Materialscience Llc RIM elastomers based on isocyanurates of isophorone diisocyanate and prepolymers thereof
CA2646735A1 (en) 2006-03-24 2007-10-04 Century-Board Usa, Llc Extrusion of polyurethane composite materials
DE102006032187A1 (de) * 2006-07-12 2008-01-24 Bayer Materialscience Ag Polyharnstoff-Polyurethan-Formkörper und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
EP1935918A1 (en) 2006-12-20 2008-06-25 Repsol Ypf S.A. New reactive polyols
JP2010214298A (ja) 2009-03-17 2010-09-30 Japan Gore Tex Inc 透湿性隔膜材料
WO2011005706A2 (en) * 2009-07-06 2011-01-13 Boral Material Technologies Inc. Fiber feed system for extruder for use in filled polymeric products
WO2011005705A2 (en) * 2009-07-06 2011-01-13 Boral Material Technologies Inc. Vacuum removal of entrained gasses in extruded, foamed polyurethane
US8846776B2 (en) * 2009-08-14 2014-09-30 Boral Ip Holdings Llc Filled polyurethane composites and methods of making same
US20110086932A1 (en) * 2009-08-14 2011-04-14 Boral Material Technologies Inc. Polyurethanes derived from lesquerella oil
US20110086933A1 (en) * 2009-08-14 2011-04-14 Boral Material Technologies Inc. Filled polyurethane composites and methods of making same
US9481759B2 (en) * 2009-08-14 2016-11-01 Boral Ip Holdings Llc Polyurethanes derived from highly reactive reactants and coal ash
US20110225705A1 (en) * 2010-03-16 2011-09-22 3M Innovative Properties Company Hearing protective device with moisture resistant earmuff sound absorbers
DE102011015304A1 (de) * 2011-03-24 2012-09-27 Gt Elektrotechnische Produkte Gmbh Neue Gradientenpolymere und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
EP2763847A4 (en) 2011-10-07 2015-08-19 Boral Ip Holdings Australia Pty Ltd INORGANIC POLYMER / ORGANIC POLYMER COMPOSITES AND METHODS FOR PREPARING THE SAME
EP2890592B1 (en) 2012-08-29 2020-01-15 Covestro LLC Blast barrier system
US9932457B2 (en) 2013-04-12 2018-04-03 Boral Ip Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited Composites formed from an absorptive filler and a polyurethane
JP6581587B2 (ja) 2013-12-18 2019-09-25 コベストロ・エルエルシー 耐弾丸構造用防護パネル
CN106460449B (zh) 2014-05-06 2019-02-05 科思创有限公司 基于聚碳酸酯的快速部署盖体系统
US10138341B2 (en) 2014-07-28 2018-11-27 Boral Ip Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited Use of evaporative coolants to manufacture filled polyurethane composites
US9752015B2 (en) 2014-08-05 2017-09-05 Boral Ip Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited Filled polymeric composites including short length fibers
WO2016118141A1 (en) 2015-01-22 2016-07-28 Boral Ip Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited Highly filled polyurethane composites
US10030126B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2018-07-24 Boral Ip Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited Filled polyurethane composites with lightweight fillers
WO2017082914A1 (en) 2015-11-12 2017-05-18 Boral Ip Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited Filled polyurethane composites with size-graded fillers
KR101953541B1 (ko) * 2018-08-31 2019-03-04 김창완 승하선용 절첩사다리
US20220033560A1 (en) * 2020-07-31 2022-02-03 National Chung Shan Institute Of Science Method for preparing heat-moisture-resistant polyurethane elastomer

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT728734A (ru) * 1964-07-31 1900-01-01
US3555130A (en) * 1966-08-29 1971-01-12 Davidson Rubber Co Forming pigmented integrally bonded coverings on articles of microcellular urethane foam
GB1240708A (en) * 1967-07-31 1971-07-28 Upjohn Co Polyurethane foams
DE1769313B2 (de) * 1968-05-07 1972-03-23 Farbenfabriken Bayer Ag, 5090 Lever Kusen Verfahren zur herstellung von elastischen polyurethanschaum stoffen mit kompakter oberflaeche
US3664976A (en) * 1969-08-21 1972-05-23 Uniroyal Ltd Polyurethane foam with integral skin
BE758609A (fr) * 1969-11-06 1971-04-16 Bayer Ag Procede de preparation de corps moules en matieres mousses
GB1355227A (en) * 1971-12-10 1974-06-05 Shell Int Research Mixtures for the preparation of polyurethane foams
US3795636A (en) * 1972-01-12 1974-03-05 Quaker Oats Co Process for the preparation of polyurethane foams and microcellular elastomers with integral skins and polyol extender system for the preparation thereof
US3767743A (en) * 1972-01-12 1973-10-23 Quaker Oats Co Method for preparing microcellular polyurethane elastomers with integral skins using a combination of tertiary amine organomercury compound and organolead as catalyst
US3772221A (en) * 1972-01-12 1973-11-13 Quaker Oats Co Preparation of polyurethane foams and microcellular elastomers with integral skins using a combination of tetraalkylguanidine and an organomercury compound
DE2319648C2 (de) * 1973-04-18 1985-08-14 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Weitere Ausbildung des Verfahrens zur Herstellung von Schaumstoffen mit vorzüglichen Entformungseigenschaften

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR7601861A (pt) 1976-09-28
US4065410A (en) 1977-12-27
IT1057385B (it) 1982-03-10
GB1505208A (en) 1978-03-30
ES446394A1 (es) 1977-06-16
DE2513817C3 (de) 1986-11-13
BE840065A (fr) 1976-09-27
JPS51119796A (en) 1976-10-20
FR2305454B1 (ru) 1981-12-31
JPS6347726B2 (ru) 1988-09-26
PL101856B1 (pl) 1979-02-28
DE2513817B2 (de) 1980-12-04
CA1070450A (en) 1980-01-22
DE2513817A1 (de) 1976-09-30
FR2305454A1 (fr) 1976-10-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
SE7602708L (sv) Sett att framstella formstycken
ATE13769T1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung von elastischen formkoerpern.
ATE107323T1 (de) Polyurethanformende zusammensetzungen und verfahren zur herstellung polyurethanbezogener textilien.
ES458968A1 (es) Procedimiento para la preparacion de cuerpos conformados e- lasticos.
SE7505597L (sv) Sett att framstella polyuretanskumplaster.
NO177353C (no) Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av et mykt, fleksibelt polyuretanskum, polyuretanskum oppnådd ved fremgangsmåten, samt forblandingsmateriale for fremstilling av polyuretaner
PT86957A (pt) Improved polyurea reaction injection molding compositions
SE8303533D0 (sv) Polyol-kedjeforlengningsmedelsblandning, polymer/polyol-kedjeforlengningsmedelsblandning och anvendning derav for framstellning av polyuretanelaster
ES479767A1 (es) Procedimiento continuo para la obtencion de poliuretanos termoplasticos.
EP0128691A3 (en) Reaction injection moulded polyurethane elastomers
ATE3301T1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung von elastischen, gegebenenfalls zellfoermigen, polyurethanharnstoffen.
ATE23346T1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung von gegebenenfalls zellhaltigen polyurethan-elastomeren.
KR890002300A (ko) 스티어링 휘일을 위한 우레탄 조성물 및 인티그럴스킨 스티어링 휘일 제조방법
DE59103623D1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von Urethan- und Urethan und Isocyanuratgruppen enthaltenden Hartschaumstoffen nach dem Polyisocyanat-polyadditionsverfahren.
SE7910270L (sv) Ett herdbart uretanlim med hog rahallfasthet
DE59207922D1 (de) Polyolkomponente für die Herstellung von Polyurethanformkörpern
ATE3432T1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung von zelligen polyurethan-elastomeren.
SE7706065L (sv) Sett att framstella massiva plastformstycken
ATE161558T1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung von urethan- und harnstoffgruppen enthaltenden, kompakten oder zelligen elastomeren oder formkörpern hieraus
EP0210566A3 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von lichtbeständigen, elastischen Polyurethan-Formteilen
FR2355880A1 (fr) Matieres a mouler consistant en melanges d'esters cyaniques aromatiques polyfonctionnels et esters d'acides polycarboniques aromatiques halogenes
DE59004885D1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyurethan-Weichschaumstoffen.
ATE77825T1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung von polyurethanharnstoff-elastomeren.
KR910002933A (ko) 폴리우레아-폴리우탄 탄성중합체의 제조방법 및 이로부터 수득된 탄성중합체
ATE106419T1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung von harnstoff- und biuretgruppen enthaltendem 1,5 naphtylendiisocyanat.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
NAV Patent application has lapsed

Ref document number: 7602708-5

Format of ref document f/p: F