SE509473C2 - Building elements for thermal insulation, insulation and / or - regulation of building envelopes - Google Patents

Abstract

The panel has an air inlet opening (2) at the bottom. The incoming air (10) may be forced in by a pump or fan (14). There is a closed sheet or housing (1) at the front, made of a transparent layer followed by an opaque layer designed to trap light and solar energy. Air impelled by the pump may flow up the tapered channel between this housing and the front of a porous block (8) of non-transparent material. The pores in this block of material may consist of straight channels (9) passing straight through from the front to the back. After passing through the porous block the air passes through a chamber which widens toward the top, between the block and a rear wall (6). Air passes through a second channel (3) into the space behind the panel.

Description

509 473 z upp demia The space filled with air between the two foils must enable an exile, transparent insulation of the outer wall of the building.

In addition, you can, for example, pick up a facade cladding from DE-OS 37 15 220, which should enable optimal thermal insulation, especially even at low temperatures. For this purpose, it is intended to design a * facade cladding resp. an insulating layer in fl your layers of different materials with different transmission and reaction properties to be applied in front of the outer wall of the building, in order to achieve a suitable desired temperature course in the insulating layer resp. the facade cladding in fl your layers and as a result a desired temperature resp. heat transfer to the building's outer shell.

Furthermore, there are different embodiments of facade cladding resp. designs of external walls with skal your shells, as for example specified in CH-PS 610 037 or DE-OS 38 43 067, whereby a suitable air conditioning, partly by means of a fl genuine ventilation of the wall elements with fl your shells.L of the walls of the building kumia shall be achieved and shall may be made available to the heat consumers in the building's interior. However, such systems require a completely different design of the wall elements in relation to a conventional construction method, which cannot be used with conventional methods or methods. The purpose of the present heating is to offer a building element or the type mentioned in the introduction, which in addition to sufficient thermal insulation can also be used in a simple way for regulating the temperature of the building envelopes, for example the building's exterior walls or roof, and which by a compulsory use of the heat generated in the area of the building envelope resp. transporting it away can contribute to a reduction in the building's total energy consumption, for example its heating. An additional needle is to enable, without the use of additional, mostly mechanical shading systems, a temperature control of the building casing depending on the solar radiation, as well as to enable, where appropriate, a directed cooling of the building casing when there is no solar radiation, ie. especially during the night. In addition, according to the design, the building element must be able to be manufactured in a simple manner independent of the building casing and also be compatible with different types of buildings' exterior walls or roofs resp. kurma can be used directly as a building envelope or as part of the same and, where applicable, can be used for a supplement to existing buildings, for example in connection with redevelopments or renovations.

In order to achieve this object, the building element according to the invention is mainly characterized in that the building element is arranged in a housing with a closed frame of a non-permeable material and which extends around it, whereby there is at least one lu fi intake and lu fi outlet opening, that the fi- from the building casing turn away resp. the outer surface of the cover is formed by the light-transmissive layer and that the light-permeable layer is arranged at a distance fi- from at least one of the cover resp. the upper and rear surfaces of the building casing. Because the building element according to the invention is formed by a cover with a closed frame which extends around and which has at least one lu fi inlet and lu fi outlet opening, the building element can be manufactured as a module resp. independent unit, which (which) can in a relatively simple way be mounted on the exterior wall or roof of a building or used directly as a building envelope. Consequently, the building element can, for example, be manufactured as a prefabricated wall, roof or façade element which is largely independent of the building, for whose thermal insulation and / or regulation what is to be used. Even already attractive buildings can easily be supplemented with the building element according to the invention. According to the invention, it is also stated that the å- from the building envelope turned away resp. surface surface the upper surface is formed by the light-transmissive layer, wherein in addition, in that the air-permeable layer according to the invention in the interior of the housing of the building element according to the invention is arranged at a distance from at least one of the housing resp. the front and rear surfaces of the building casing, a heat transport is possible via the air intake and air outlet opening resp. even a styr married flow can be maintained at the corresponding Depending on the arrangement of the lu lu permeable layer, which acts as a transparent heat-insulating, for example, a lu fi current through the insulating layer can also be achieved by corresponding removal of the rising heat in the air-permeable layer. In addition, in order to achieve a substantially tightly closed component in the outer surface, in addition to the air intake and air outlet openings in the frame, which enables a suitable control and / or regulation of the heating economy, the arrangement is preferably designed so that the light-permeable front surface of the housing is designed. not luitgenonisläppligt.

In the case that the transmissive layer in the interior of the housing of the building element according to the invention is formed of a substantially impermeable material, a conversion of the incident solar radiation to heat takes place in the uppermost side of the layer facing the incident solar radiation. whereby, through the lu fi flow prevailing in the interior of the housing, a corresponding removal of the heat takes place through the lu fi permeable layer. If a maximization of the heat recovery is to be achieved in the interior of the building element according to the invention, the air-permeable layer can also be designed to be light-transmissive, as this corresponds to another preferred embodiment of the building element according to the invention. Thereby, the incident solar radiation is converted both in the lu fi-permeable layer and in particular in its fi innermost layer as well as when it comes on the back wall of the building element according to the invention resp. on the building casing to heat, whereby a heat flow in the interior of the housing of the building element according to the invention can again be formed resp. maintained either by fi 'in convection or supported by a forced herring. The effect of converting the incident radiation into heat in the interior of the housing of the building element according to the invention can be further increased by using a light-transmitting layer as an insulating layer in that the surface facing the interior of the housing of the back of the housing is coated with an absorbent material, as this corresponds to a further preferred embodiment of the invention.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the design is designed such that the lu fi-permeable and, if applicable, lu fi genius-permeable layer has a per se known, honeycomb-like or tubular structure, which fi nines through flow channels for lu fi, which extend rectangularly or insignificantly finally fi inner surface Due to the arrangement of the flow-through materials for air, mainly at right angles to each other resp. slightly sloping in relation to the fi-upper surface of the cover, a simple control of the air flow in the interior of the cover can be achieved.

For the manufacture and design of the light-transmitting and, if applicable, light-transmitting layer in the interior of the housing of the building element according to the invention, a large number of materials can be used, however, suitable insulating properties in combination with a relatively low weight are sought according to the invention. in a suitable way easy to manufacture building elements for wall, roof or facade elements even with large surfaces. For this purpose, it is preferred according to the inventory that the air-permeable and, if applicable, light-permeable layer is formed of cardboard, cardboard, impregnated paper or light-permeable plastics, such as Kapipane.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the design of the lu permeable layer is designed such that the lu permeable layer is designed as a layered sandwich construction, an intermediate layer being arranged between two layers of honeycomb-like or tubular structure, in particular a non-woven layer or a filling layer, for example of paper granules, which is bounded on both sides by non-woven layers. With such a layered sandwich construction, whereby between two layers of honeycomb-like or tubular structure there is a filling layer or generally an intermediate layer, it can, by means of the passage of heat, either for heating or for cooling the building, strive for heat growth. the effect in the area of this permeable layer is increased resp. maximized. By transporting the hot indoor air through the air-permeable layer, heat is stored in the air-permeable layer. In the case of a reverse hatch direction, such as, for example, a transport of cold hatches into the building, this heat is given off again to the hatch and can be supplied for further use in the building. Through this inner layer resp. filling layers are also achieved by increasing the lu fi resistance by a uniform lu fi penetration of the structure. This uniform air flow can also be achieved by having only one nonwoven layer for the intermediate layer, as this corresponds to a particularly preferred embodiment.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the design of the building element according to the invention is designed so that the cover is designed so that it is closed from all sides, the rear surface of the cover consisting of a non-permeable material and preferably abutting directly against the building casing resp. functions as a building envelope, whereby a building element that is completely closed in itself can be achieved, which can be manufactured as a module in a simple manner and can be stored in a relatively simple manner on a building resp. an outer wall of this. With regard to this, in such an embodiment it is preferred that the cover in the lower and upper region of the frame which extends nmt has at least one lu fi inlet and lu fi outlet opening, in order to achieve a corresponding effective air flow to achieve the desired heat regulation resp. . the insulating properties.

According to a further modified embodiment, it is preferred according to the invention that the cover is supported at the building casing via supports mounted on the building casing, the struts being formed hollow and having at least one flow opening to the interior of the building element and communicating with air inlets or openings. through the building envelope. By means of such supports, building elements according to the invention with large surfaces can also be securely anchored to the outer wall of a building, whereby, by cavities, with at least one flow opening in the interior of the supports formed for the building element, being used in the interior of the building element. connection with the air intake or air outlet openings in the building casing, directly enables a correspondingly directed air flow through the interior of the building element according to the invention to achieve the desired thermal insulation or control properties.

As already explained in detail, a suitable thermal insulation and / or regulation of the building casing can be achieved in the building element according to the invention by maintaining a flow in the interior of the housing. In order to achieve a sufficient degree of insulation in different conditions of use, in particular during day and night, and to always achieve a sufficient degree of insulation in the case of different solar radiation, it is also preferable according to the invention that the lu fi intake and / or luñ outlet openings are closable designed. Due to a corresponding change in the cross-section of the air intake or air outlet openings, even in the case of fi in convection in the interior of the housing of the building element, according to the invention, a directed and controlled influence of thermal insulation resp. the heat recovery properties are achieved with the building element according to the invention. This control of the thermal insulation or heat recovery properties resp. a cooling required, if any, in the sense of a temperature reduction of the building casing can be supported in a simple manner by the fact that a fl shaft and / or a pump can be connected to the air intake or. lu fi the outlet openings with connected pipes resp. integrated in the housing of the building element.

The premise of such a pump or a fl genuine enables a simple adjustment of the air throughput through the interior of a building element according to the invention, whereby thermal insulation and / or control conditions can be realized so that they correspond to the weather conditions.

For a far-reaching automated control of the thermal insulation and control properties of the building element according to the inventory resp. one of a number of building elements according to the invention designed facade or roof construction, it is also preferred according to the invention that there is at least one sensor for determining the temperature of the air in the housing and / or the temperature of the building casing and / or the extent of the solar radiation of the housing, which sensor is connected to a control device for operating the pump resp. fl genuine and / or the opening condition of the air intake and lult outlet openings Such a sensor resp. A number of sensors for determining various parameters, in combination with a suitable control equipment, provide an automatic constant maintenance of the desired thermal insulation properties of the building element according to the invention resp. a corresponding combination of a number of such building elements.

As already indicated above, the building element according to the invention can not only be used for thermal insulation of a building casing, ie. mainly for the removal of excess heat in the event of unnecessarily large solar radiation resp. in order to prevent an unnecessarily large radiation from the interior of the building, but it can also give the removed heat a suitable use, especially when it is equipped with pumps or kt spikes for maintaining a forced flow in the interior of the building element according to the invention. For this purpose, it is according to the invention to be preferred that for a lu. Outlet opening of the hood a heat consumer which is preferably arranged in the interior of the building can be connected via at least one lu. Outlet opening which passes through the building casing. Consequently, the heat removed from the building element according to the construction can, for example, be used for the preparation of hot water, where applicable with the use of suitable heat pumps, or during the cold time of the year also for heating the building's internal spaces. for example, when carrying out a cooling of the building casing during the night by conducting an air current through the building element according to the invention, also use the heat removed from the building casing for preparing hot water in mandatory storage devices. In addition to a corresponding thermal insulation resp. regulation of the temperature of the building casing resp. the amount of heat that is to be taken up in this can be done by utilizing it from the building element resp. the building elements according to the invention removed, heated lu fi current clearly reduce the building's total energy consumption, so that the use of additional energy carriers, for example for heating the building and / or for preparing hot water can be reduced.

In the case that in the interior of the building element, according to the construction, only fi 'is to be used mainly in convection, it is preferable that the light-transmitting and, if applicable, light-transmitting layer between the front and rear surface of the housing resp. the building casing is arranged inclined in such a way that the flow channels through this layer extend in the direction of the rear surface of the housing resp. the building envelope. Through this preferred arrangement of the air flow channels according to the invention, rising in the direction of the rear surface of the housing resp. the building envelope is supported by the direction of flow of a hot, rising lu fi and consequently fi the fi ia convection is suppressed. In contrast, at night an unnecessarily large radiation from the building envelope is automatically made more difficult by this arrangement of the lu fi flow channels in that the inclination of the lu fi flow channels extends towards the preferred direction of the convection flow from the heated air. In this way, a relatively effective cooling insulation is thus achieved in a simple manner.

As already explained in detail above, the significant air intake resp. lu fi the outlet openings can also be completely closed, whereby an insulating layer can be achieved through the enclosed air volume of a volume given by the building element. However, in order in any case to ensure a pressure and moisture iron wall in the interior of the building element according to the invention, it is moreover preferred that there is at least one further pressure and / or moisture outlet opening, the cross section of which does not exceed one third, preferably not more than one tenth. of the cross section of the lu fi intake and lu fi outlet openings. By the fact that the cross-section of this additional pressure and / or moisture outlet opening amounts to only a fraction of the cross-section of the air intake and air outlet openings, it is in any case ensured that the losses are kept relatively low in the event that a consumer for use the friend standing in the interior of the building element according to the invention must be connected at opened lu fi intake and lu fl outlet openings. In addition, it can be assumed that this additional pressure and / or outlet outlet opening will only be effective at completely closed air intake and air outlet openings.

In order to achieve a corresponding insulating effect, the building element according to the invention is preferably further developed in such a way that the surface-mounted and light-transmitting layer is designed as a simple glazing.

The invention is illustrated in more detail below with the aid of exemplary embodiments of building elements according to the invention prepared in the accompanying drawing. There: Fig. 1 shows a cross-section of a first embodiment of a building element according to the invention; fi g. 2 a similar to the one in fi g. I of a cross-section of a modified embodiment of a building element according to the invention; and fi g. 3 shows a further modified embodiment of a building element according to the view in a cross-section of a part on an enlarged scale.

That i fi g. 1 consists of a housing, generally denoted by 1, which is formed closed on all sides and has in its lower area at least one lu lu inlet opening 2 and in its upper area at least one lu fi outlet opening 3. On its fi- it it schematically with 4, the outer wall facing away from the building has a light-permeable layer and, if applicable, a non-air-permeable layer 5, for example of solar glass, while on the rear surface facing the building 4 there is a solid wall 6, which is at least impermeable. Furthermore, the rurner elements extending around the housing 1's housing are denoted by 7.

In the interior of the cover 1 and at a distance from the front surface 5 as well as the rear surface 6 there is a light-releasing layer in the form of an insulating layer 8, which in the embodiment shown has a bee-like resp. tubular structure, the flow channels 9 for air of which run slightly inclined in relation to the upper front surface 5 of the housing 1..

As indicated by the arrow 10, cold lu når reaches via the air inlet opening 2 through at least one further, closable lu fi inlet opening ll into the interior of the building element housing 1, goes under heating through the flow channels 9 of the lu fi permeable layer 8 into the area between the back layer 1 and surface 6 and is drawn with elevated temperature into the upper area via at least one further closable opening 12 as well as the outlet opening 3 away according to the arrow 13. The air turned up in the building element can then, as indicated in fi g. l, is supplied to a heat consumer in the interior of the building or also via an opening (not shown in detail) arranged in the window 7 is led out into the fi ia.

With that in mind. In the building element produced for thermal insulation and / or regulation of building envelopes, for example the outer walls or roofs of buildings, one can in principle distinguish between the following permits resp. three strokes.

In the case of a direct and / or diffuse solar radiation, it is transformed by the light-transmissive cover resp. layer 5 in fi illande the solar radiation fi above all in the upper area, ie. the radiation-facing side, the honeycomb-like, air-genius-releasing layer to heat, the layer 8 in the exemplary embodiment according to fi g. 1 is designed as non-permeable spring insulation, for example of cardboard or similar materials. Consequently, the cold lu stream 10 flowing into the lower region of the housing 1 reaches between the light-transmissive layer 5 and the lu-permeable, in the case transparent transparent insulation layer 8 into the housing 1, where it passes through the air-permeable layer and the heat 8 transports from the space between the layer 5 and the air-permeable layer 8 into the space located on the back of the air-permeable layer 8 between the layer 8 and the air-permeable rear wall 6 of the housing. Then the heated air is released via the openings 12 and 3 in the direction of the arrow 13. from the housing 1 and transports the containing friend to a later connected consumer, for example for heating the building's internal space and / or for heating waste water, or alternatively the heated air is led away as fi ia The temperature control of the building wall's rear wall 6 and thus as a result also the building casing 4 resp. the heat supply to the rear wall 6 and thus to the building casing 4 or also to the later connected consumer takes place mainly via the amount of the air flowing through the cover 1. The lu fi current through the housing 1 takes place either by iii convection or also by forced flow, whereby a fl true resp. a pump is indicated schematically at 14 i fi g. 1 in the area of the air intake opening 2. Of course, a corresponding fl genuine or purnp can also be integrated in the area of the outlet opening 3 or idea for the lu fi intake opening 2 resp. in the lu fi outlet opening 3 connecting the pipes. The regulation of the air flow as well as the amount of the air carried through the cover 1 takes place not only by the amount carried by, for example, the fl spigot 14 also by changing the inlet or outlet cross sections as well as the openings 11 and 12, the corresponding displaceable elements being indicated by 15 and 16. complete closure of, for example, the inlet opening 11 and, if applicable, also the outlet opening 12 possible or also a corresponding disconnection of the spout or pump 14, so that in the cover 1 the essential cover in this case functions: as a cushion and thus as thermal insulation.

Furthermore, for controlling the removal of heat resp. the amount of heat emitted via the rear wall 6 to the building 4 a temperature sensor 17 arranged in the interior of the housing, which via control lines 21 is connected to a control device 22, which performs a control of the flow cross-flow of the openings 11 and 12 via the displaceable dampers 15 and 16 as well as the e fi of the fan resp. the pump 14 via the control lines 23 resp. 24. In this case, sensor 17 serves, for example, to determine the temperature of the air in the housing 1 or also to determine the temperature of the building casing 4 resp. the directly adjoining wall 6 of the housing 1. In addition or alternatively, there may be an additional sensor 18 in the area of the light-transmissive upper surface 5 of the housing 1, which in addition to the air temperature in the interior of the housing 1 can also determine the extent of solar radiation in the building element. This sensor 18 can also be combined in a corresponding manner with a control device for the displaceable dampers 15 and 16, respectively. the power of the fan or pump 14.

In the event that a heat recovery by means of air flow through the interior of the cover 1 is not to be carried out, the inlet and outlet openings 2 and 11, respectively. 3 and 12 must be closed in a corresponding manner and the spouses must be disconnected. Due to the fact that the air-permeable, honeycomb-resp. tubular layer 8 is not light transmissive, a direct irradiation of the rear wall 6 and as a result the building casing 4 is avoided and consequently the heat intake is reduced without further mechanical shading resp. insulating devices. As already indicated above, the air pad enclosed in the interior of the cover 1 acts as an insulating layer. In order to equalize pressure and / or moisture changes, however, there is at least one equalization opening 19, the inner cross-section of which, however, amounts to a fraction of the cross-section of the air intake and air outlet openings 2 and 2, respectively. 3.

In the event that a radiation fi from the rear wall 6 as well as also the building casing 4 must be prevented as far as possible, ie. in the event that the temperature of the light-transmitting front layer 5 is lower than the temperature of the rear wall 6, and a cooling of the building 4 is to be effectively prevented, even when the air intake and air outlet openings 2 and 11, respectively, are closed. 12 and 3 and fl spouse 14 is suspended. The permeable layer 8, on the other hand, acts as opaque thermal insulation, whereby the temperature difference resulting from the space between the layer 8 and the rear wall 6 as well as the space between the upper layer 5 and the layer 8 and the resulting convection due to the structure and in particular the inclined arrangement of the flow-through channels 9 of the layer 8 is largely prevented due to the relatively high flow resistance caused by the inclination of the channels 9, whereby an effective insulation function is achieved.

In the event that a temperature reduction in the building casing 4 is sought, it is possible, for example, at times without solar radiation, ie. especially during the night, air via the fan 14 is passed through the cover 1, whereby the temperature of the inflowing air must of course be lower than the temperature of the rear wall 6 as well as of the building casing 4. The air flow passed through the casing cools the rear wall 6 and thus the building casing 4, whereby the heat absorbed by the air can be passed on according to the arrow 13 to a later connected consumer or removed as as ia. Alternatively, the air flow can also be directed towards the direction shown by the arrows 10 and 13 and in this way carry out the removal of heat in the other direction and there add it to another use.

Hos det i fi g. 2 shows the example of a changed embodiment of a building element, the same reference numerals are maintained for the same building parts as in fi g. 1. a significant difference between the forms of execution according to fi g. 1 and the one in fi g. 2 is that the lu fi transmissive insulating layer 8 is arranged directly behind the light transmissive lä upper layer 5. In addition, in this embodiment the lu lu transmissive insulating layer 8 must also be light transmissive, so that solar radiation incident through the fi-other layer 5 can also strike The rear wall 6 of the pan 6 To maximize the conversion of incident solar radiation into heat, in this embodiment the rear wall 6 of the cover may in this case be provided with an absorbent layer, which is schematically indicated by 20.

The solar radiation incident through the light-transmitting front layer 5 is conducted through the in this case impermeable and light-transmitting insulating layer 8 into the space between this layer 8 and the rear wall 6 of the housing, whereby the incident solar radiation is converted into heat both in the layer 8 and even when it strikes the rear wall 6.

The current flowing through the cover 1 flows again via the inlet openings 2 and the inlet opening 11 which changes in its flow cross-section directly into the space between the layer 8 and the rear wall 6, removes the heat from this space and consequently also from the rear wall 6 and reaches via it the adjustable outlet opening 12 as well as the outlet opening 3 according to the arrow 13 on to a later connected consumer or led directly out into it. The regulation of the temperature of the rear wall 6 and consequently the building envelope 4 takes place again by the amount of the lu str rays carried through the cover 1, whereby the lu åter current again takes place by free convection or also by forced flow by the resp elct. pump 14. To regulate the amount of flowing lu fi, the hos ect of the resp or resp. the pump 14 as well as the cross-section of the openings 11 and 12 must be variable and in recurring cases be completely closable. A principle setting of the temperature level of the rear wall 6 and consequently the building envelope also takes place via the coloring and consequently the absorption ratio of the rear wall 6 resp. also via the material properties of the, where applicable, the absorbent layer 20.

For a cooling insulation, it is also assumed in this embodiment that the inlet and outlet openings 2 and 11, respectively. 3 and 12 are closed as well as that the fan resp. the pump 14 is disconnected, whereby the layer 8 again functions as opaque internal insulation and the closed space between the layer 8 and the rear wall 6 is to be regarded as insulated space and acts as insulation.

A temperature reduction of the rear wall 6 and as a result the building casing 4 in the absence of solar radiation, ie. in particular at night, can be carried out as in the embodiment according to fi g. 1.

By the use of a light-transmitting layer 8 can in this embodiment according to fi g. 2 a greater heat recovery than in the embodiments according to fi g. l is achieved, however, in the event of removal fi all of the cooling, for example if a drive stop in the electricity 14 there is a danger of overheating, since, in contrast to the embodiments according to fi g. 1, a sufficient removal of heat only by free convection is not readily possible. This embodiment according to fi g. 2 can, however, be used to advantage in particular with the aim of maximizing an achievable heat dissipation, in particular when supplying the removed hot air 13 to a later connected consumer with the intention of reducing the total energy costs of the building equipped with the building element.

In the changed embodiment according to fi g. 3, the reference numerals in the preceding embodiments are also retained here for the same components. In this embodiment, a layer of sandwich construction is used as the permeable layer 8, whereby between two layers 25, 26, which, as in the previous embodiments, for example consist of a honeycomb-like or tubular structure, there is a filling resp. insulating layer, for example of a paper granulate 27, this filling or insulating layer being limited by two nonwoven layers 28. In the case of i g. 3, a storage resp. a support of the building element I against a support 29 on the building casing resp. the outer wall 4 of the building, hollow supports 30 in the interior of the building element being fastened to this support 29, these supports 30 having at least one air outlet opening 31 in the example shown and the interior of the support 30 cooperating directly with an air outlet opening 32 opening in the area of the support 29 through the building casing 4.

In the example shown, according to the arrows 33, cold air is supplied, for example, from the interior of the building through the flow openings 32 to the interior of the struts 30 and from there via the air outlet openings 31 to the interior of the building unit directly in front of the permeable layer 8, whereupon the air passes through the layer. 8 e fi er a heating rises according to the arrow 34 upwards between the layer 8 and the outside of the building casing 4 and goes in the upper area of a section resp. segment of the building element via another lu fi-through-flow opening 35 back into the interior of the building. In this embodiment shown, the building element is thus used, for example, for heating the interior space of the building.

When reversing the arrow directions, for example, during the night a cooling of the air during the flow through the building element can be achieved, as this has already been explained in detail above.

Furthermore, in the case of demia embodiments as a light-transmissive outer layer of the building element, there is a simple glazing which, if applicable, consists of two layers, whereby through a tight closure of the inner space 36 of demia simple glazing, whereby the seal in the area of the support 30 as well as the condition of the successful glazing is generally indicated by 37, a corresponding, additional insulating effect can be achieved.

As in the previous embodiments, of course, in the area of the air flow openings 32 resp. Corresponding pumps or fans to support resp. maintain a directional air current as well as to achieve the desired thermal insulation or control properties be fitted and, as in the previous embodiments, sensors may also be provided to support a control of the desired properties, in order to be able to easily realize the various the possibilities already described above.

Claims (17)

20 25 509 473 l4 PATENT REQUIREMENTS Building elements for thermal insulation, insulation and / or regulation of building envelopes, for example exterior walls of buildings or roofs, wherein an air-permeable layer is covered by a light-permeable layer and can be attached to the building envelope resp. function as a building envelope, characterized in that the building element is arranged in a housing (1) with a closed frame (7) of a non-air-permeable material and which extends around it, there being at least one air intake and air outlet opening Q, 1 1; 3, 12; 32, 35), that it turns away from the building casing (4) resp. the superimposed front surface (5) of the housing (1) is formed by the light-transmitting layer (8) and that the air-permeable layer is arranged at a distance from at least one of the housing (1) resp. the front and rear surfaces (5, 6) of the building casing (4). Building element according to Claim 1, characterized in that the light-transmissive front surface (5) of the housing (1) is designed to be air-impermeable. Building element according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the air-permeable layer (8) is formed in a light-permeable manner. Building element according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the permeable and, if applicable, light-transmitting layer (8) has a per se known, honeycomb-like or tubular structure, which defines flow channels (9) for air which extend at right angles or slightly inclined in relation to the front surface (5) of the cover (1). Building element according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the air-permeable and, if applicable, light-permeable layer (8) is formed from cardboard, cardboard, impregnated paper or light-permeable plastics, such as Kapipane. Building element according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the air-permeable layer (8) is designed as a layered sandwich construction, an intermediate layer being arranged between two layers (25, 26) of honeycomb-like or tubular structure, in particular a fleece layer or a filling layer (27), for example of paper granules, which are bounded on both sides by fleece layers (28). Building element according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cover (1) is designed so that it is closed from all sides, the rear surface (6) of the cover (1) consisting of a material which is not air-permeable and is preferably directly against the building envelope (4) resp. acts as a building envelope. Building element according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cover (1) has at least one air intake and air outlet opening (2, 11; 3, 12) in the lower and upper region of the frame (7) which extends around it. . 10 15 20 25 30 15 5 0 9 4 7 5 Building element according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the cover (1) is supported on the building casing (4) via supports (29) which are mounted on the building casing (4), the struts (30) being formed hollow and having at least a flow opening (31) to the interior of the building element and communicating with lu ags inlet or lu fi outlet openings (32) passing through the building casing (4). in Building element according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the lu fi inlet and / or lu fl outlet openings fl 1, 12) are designed to be closable. Building element according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a fan and / or a pump (14) can be connected to the air intake or the air intake. lu fl the outlet openings (2, 1 1; 3, 12; 32, 35) with connected lines resp. integrated in the building element housing (1). Building element according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that there is at least one sensor (17, 18) for determining the temperature of the lug in the housing (1) and / or the temperature of the building casing (4) and / or the extent of the solar radiation of the housing (1), which sensor (17, 18) is connected to a control device (22) for controlling the pump resp. fl the spout (14) and / or the opening condition of the air intake and lu fi outlet openings (1 1, 12). Building element according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that to a lu till outlet opening (3) of the housing (1) a heat consumer which is preferably arranged in the interior of the building can be connected via at least one lu fi outlet opening which passes through the building casing (4 ). Building element according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the light-permeable and, if applicable, light-permeable layer (8) between the inner surface (5) and the rear surface (6) of the housing (1) and the rear surface (6), respectively. the building casing is arranged inclined in such a way that the air flow channels (9) of this layer run ascending in the direction of the rear surface (6) resp. the building casing (4). Building element according to one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that there is at least one further pressure and / or moisture outlet opening (19), the cross section of which does not exceed one third, preferably not more than one tenth of the cross section of the air inlet and air outlet openings ( 2, ll; 3, 12; 32, 35). Building element according to one of Claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the surface of the rear side (6) of the building element (1) facing the interior of the housing (1) is coated with an absorbent material (20). Building element according to one of Claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the surface-mounted and light-transmitting layer (5) is designed as a simple glazing.