GB2464487A - Climate control system for a building - Google Patents

Climate control system for a building Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2464487A
GB2464487A GB0818943A GB0818943A GB2464487A GB 2464487 A GB2464487 A GB 2464487A GB 0818943 A GB0818943 A GB 0818943A GB 0818943 A GB0818943 A GB 0818943A GB 2464487 A GB2464487 A GB 2464487A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
building
working fluid
exterior
pipes
cooling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB0818943A
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GB0818943D0 (en
Inventor
Samuel Bailey
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to GB0818943A priority Critical patent/GB2464487A/en
Publication of GB0818943D0 publication Critical patent/GB0818943D0/en
Publication of GB2464487A publication Critical patent/GB2464487A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/52—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
    • E04C2/521—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0869—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having conduits for fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0075—Systems using thermal walls, e.g. double window
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/66—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of facade constructions, e.g. wall constructions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/67—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of roof constructions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
    • F24F2005/0064—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground using solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/69—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of shingles or tiles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/272—Solar heating or cooling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/90—Passive houses; Double facade technology
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention comprises a climate control system for retro-fitting to a brick or concrete building. The system is designed to maintain a desired temperature on the exterior surface of the building by thermally insulating it from the external environment and passing a heated or cooled working fluid across the exterior surface. Preferably, the system comprises exterior cladding, pipe work containing a working fluid, pumps, valves, temperature sensors, and an electronic control unit (ECU) employing a software control algorithm. The cladding may comprise an external skin 5, a labyrinthine pipe 4, a layer of insulation 3, and a series of pipes 2 in thermal contact with a thermal mass 1, such as the existing brick or concrete walls 6 of the building. Preferably, the working fluid is heated by solar panels mounted on the exterior of the building or by a boiler. Preferably, the working fluid is cooled by circulating it through pipes on the exterior surface of the building or by circulating it through pipes embedded in the ground or a water source. The system may be used to reduce the humidity inside the building. In use, the exterior cladding improves the insulation of existing buildings and maintains a steady temperature inside the building by controlling the rate of heat loss for cooling and solar gain for heating.

Description

EXTERIOR CLADDING PANELS WITH CLIMATE CONTROL
This invention relates to a controllable insulated cladding system.
Many existing buildings have solid brick walls or uninsulated cavity walls. These have poor thermal insulation properties, as the thermal conductivity of brick is relatively hih. A 9" solid brick walls has a thermal conductivity (U value) of around 2.2 WK'm. Much of the existing housing stock in the UK is of such construction.
Many of these houses are or will be retrofitted with improved loft insulation and double glazing. However this will leave heat conductivity through the walls as the major source of heat loss, and often the major contributor to the energy consumption of the household. Options for improving insulation of the walls is limited. Walls may be dry lined' by adding a layer of foam or polystyrene or other insulator on the inside and overlaying it with plasterboard. However this incurs considerable disruption to the householder and reduces the available space in the building. Exterior cladding is also available. Typically this is a layer of insulating foam, faced with a weatherproof cladding on which brick slips are mounted. This has the advantage that the thermal mass of the fabric of the building is on the insulated side, and reduces temperature fluctuations within the building due to heat loss and solar gain. However during sunny winter days much solar energy gain is wasted due to the additional insulation and poor absorption properties of the exterior. Also during summer, the building may overheat due to a reduced capacity to reject unwanted heat.
This invention relates to a climate control system, built into exterior cladding panels which are used to insulate an existing brick, stone or concrete building. It is suited primarily to temperate climes. It exploits the solar thermal gain on the exterior of the building, the nighttime heating loss and the thermal mass of the existing fabric of the building to maintain a stable internal temperature within the building with minimal external energy input.
Systems have been patented, though are not generally commercially available which perform a similar function on a metal clad building (e.g. GB 1413675 A), but do not make use of existing thermal mass, thus requiring either the addition of thermal mass, or may perform sub optimally at maintaining constant temperature over the diurnal cycle. Additionally they may require phase change working fluids that evaporate and condense during the thermal cycle, which are costly and difficult to handle as they will typically need to be maintained at sub atmospheric pressure to function.
The target building consists of a pre-existing brick, concrete or other structure of substantial thermal mass as shown in figures 1 and 2.. In this invention, the building walls are clad with modified insulated panel type cladding. The cladding consists of an external skin (5), which varies in composition according to the orientation relative to the sun. South facing walls in the Northern hemisphere (Fig 2.) are clad with a suitable solar absorber plate, covered in a material with high emissivity such as glass or polycarbonate, to form solar heat collectors. North facing exterior layers have no specific absorption characteristics, and may be chosen to match a desired style e.g. brick slips. These act as cooling panels when a fluid is passed through the pipes behind them and the external temperature is Low (e.g. at night). Each exterior layer has a labyrinthine pipe placed behind it in good thermal contact (4). There is a then a layer of insulation (3), which would typically be thicker than the standard insulation used in such a building. There is then a series of pipes (2) in good thermal contact with the internal structural thermal mass (1), typically the existing brick or concrete walls (6). Each section of cladding has inlet and outlet pipes for the internal and external heat exchanges so that they can be connected together to form a circuit. In conjunction with the existing interior walls, the pipes form a radiant heating and cooling panel.
In a possible embodiment, the roof of the building has a series of solar panels as shown in figure 3. The solar collection panels (7) are orientated to face the sun (South in the Northern Hemisphere) and inclined to maximise solar gain during the winter.
The radiant cooling plates (8) are inclined to face away from the sun and to minimise occlusion of the sun on the solar panels, and to minimise the view factor between them and the solar heating panels or other nearby buildings. The solar collection panels are of a standard design known in the industry, e.g. flat panel or evacuated tubes. The radiant cooling plates are typically of a similar design to the solar collectors, but may have reduced insulation properties.
Two circuits are formed between the sets of pipes (between internal and external heating and internal and external cooling) and are connected to form separate circuits, each with a pump (or a single pump and controllable valves), and each with a heat exchanger in contact with the other circuit. There is also a regular (e.g. gas fired) heater in the interior circuit, which provides back up heat for very cold and extended overcast periods.
There may also be an additional heat exchanger circuit consisting of a pipe buried in the ground to provide good thermal contact with the ground (typical of those used for ground source heat pumps), connected via a heat exchanger to the thermal store and with a circulation pump. This circuit may be activated to pump heat from the thermal store into the ground to provide additional cooling. In another embodiment, it may be used in place of the roof mounted cooling panels.
The tank or pipes are filled with a working fluid, either water or an anti freeze mix e.g. glycol.
An electronic control unit (ECU) has sensors which take a series of temperature inputs measuring the temperature of the air within the building, the water in the exterior solar panel, the water in the cooling panels and the brickwork acting as the thermal store. It typically also has sensors which measure the humidity. The ECU controls the pumps and valves and has a sofiware control algorithm in it.
A typical action of the system is as follows Winter cycle: Heat input required to the building 1) If the temperature inside the building is less than the desired set point, and the temperature of the brickwork forming the main fabric of the building is below the desired set point and the temperature of the outer skin is higher than the set point, the circulation pump between the exterior heating and thermal store panels is activated. This pumps heat from the exterior panels directly into the building.
2) If the temperature inside the building is less than the desired set point, and the temperature of the outer skin is below the set point, the circulation pump between the interior heating panels and the back up heat source (e.g. gas boiler) may be activated, along with the back up heat source. This heats the building using the back up heat source.
Summer cycle: Cooling required to the building.
1) The temperature of the cooling panels is monitored. Typically during the day it will exceed the set point temperature and no heat exchange will take place, except through the building insulation and air exchange. At night the temperature of the exterior cooling panels will usually drop below the temperature of the fabric of the building, due to radiation into the night sky and low air temperature. If the temperature of the fabric of the building is above the set point, the circulation pump between the cooling panel and the thermal store is activated. This pumps heat from the building into the night sky, and cools the thermal mass of the building.
2) Alternatively, if a heat exchanger circuit in contact with the ground is present, it may be activated when the internal temperature of the building exceeds the set point, and the temperature of the water in the underground pipes is below the set point, to provide additional cooling.
An alternative embodiment may also check for potential condensation. The humidity of the incoming air and inside air is monitored. Jf the incoming air is likely to reach its dew point when contacting interior walls of the building, forming condensation, then water from the radiant system is pumped into a liquid/air heat exchanger in the ventilation system. This will cause the moisture in the incoming air to condense in the heat exchanger, from where it can be drained, rather than on the walls and floors of the house.

Claims (5)

  1. CLAIMS1. A climate control system suitable for retro-fitting to a brick or concrete building, that attempts to maintain a desired temperature on the exterior thermal mass of the building by thermally insulating it from the external environment, and then passing a working fluid across the exterior surface of the pre-existing building that has either been heated or cooled as necessary to maintain the setpoint temperature.
  2. 2. A system as in 1, where the heat energy input into the working fluid is provided substantially by solar panels on the exterior of the building.
  3. 3. A system as in 1, where the cooling is provided by circulating the working fluid through pipes on the exterior surface of the building.
  4. 4. A system as in 1, where the cooling is provided by circulating the working fluid through pipes embedded in the ground or a water source.
  5. 5. A system as in 1, where an additional air ventilation system with heat exchanger is provided which can utilise the temperature of either the thermal store, the roof mounted cooling or underground cooling source to reduce humidity inside the building.
GB0818943A 2008-10-16 2008-10-16 Climate control system for a building Withdrawn GB2464487A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0818943A GB2464487A (en) 2008-10-16 2008-10-16 Climate control system for a building

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0818943A GB2464487A (en) 2008-10-16 2008-10-16 Climate control system for a building

Publications (2)

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GB0818943D0 GB0818943D0 (en) 2008-11-19
GB2464487A true GB2464487A (en) 2010-04-21

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2482650A (en) * 2010-03-08 2012-02-15 Samuel Gerard Bailey Exterior cladding panels with climate control
CN104006467A (en) * 2013-07-12 2014-08-27 昆山开思拓节能技术有限公司 Dehumidifying and heat-transferring multifunctional indoor environment conditioning board with hollow fibrous membranes inlaid
CN109208819A (en) * 2018-09-28 2019-01-15 深圳市鹏城建筑集团有限公司 A kind of method and structure of the fixed spool in prefabricated outer wall panel template

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112922188A (en) * 2021-01-29 2021-06-08 安徽建筑大学 Multifunctional light color steel sandwich plate component for assembly type steel structure building and use method

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19727788A1 (en) * 1996-07-10 1998-01-22 Voest Alpine Mach Const Building cladding panel with temperature control
DE202004012404U1 (en) * 2004-08-07 2004-11-18 Hammer, Werner Method for insulating and heating a building has external cladding to the walls forming a space through which heated air is passed at controlled temperature
WO2006067762A1 (en) * 2004-12-23 2006-06-29 Alberto Toscano Heat insulating and air conditioning method and system
DE202008005440U1 (en) * 2008-04-19 2008-09-11 Böser, Emil Exterior air conditioning system for heating and cooling indoor spaces in buildings

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19727788A1 (en) * 1996-07-10 1998-01-22 Voest Alpine Mach Const Building cladding panel with temperature control
DE202004012404U1 (en) * 2004-08-07 2004-11-18 Hammer, Werner Method for insulating and heating a building has external cladding to the walls forming a space through which heated air is passed at controlled temperature
WO2006067762A1 (en) * 2004-12-23 2006-06-29 Alberto Toscano Heat insulating and air conditioning method and system
DE202008005440U1 (en) * 2008-04-19 2008-09-11 Böser, Emil Exterior air conditioning system for heating and cooling indoor spaces in buildings

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2482650A (en) * 2010-03-08 2012-02-15 Samuel Gerard Bailey Exterior cladding panels with climate control
GB2482650B (en) * 2010-03-08 2013-04-10 Samuel Gerard Bailey Exterior Cladding Panels with climate control
CN104006467A (en) * 2013-07-12 2014-08-27 昆山开思拓节能技术有限公司 Dehumidifying and heat-transferring multifunctional indoor environment conditioning board with hollow fibrous membranes inlaid
CN104006467B (en) * 2013-07-12 2017-08-29 昆山开思拓节能技术有限公司 The embedded dehumidifying heat exchange Multifunctional indoor environment adjustable plate of hollow-fibre membrane
CN109208819A (en) * 2018-09-28 2019-01-15 深圳市鹏城建筑集团有限公司 A kind of method and structure of the fixed spool in prefabricated outer wall panel template

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Publication number Publication date
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