SE443281B - APPLICATION OF A MERIST-TEMPORARY SUBJECT FOR IMPREGNATION OF WALLS, BOTTOM AND BASIS FOR CONTAINERS FOR CULTIVATION OF FORESTRY PLANTS DETERMINED CELLULOSA MATERIAL - Google Patents

Description

7801841-3 z of adjacent containers, so that the containers become difficult to separate. Attempts have been made to eliminate this disadvantage in various ways. Thus, it is conceivable to design an air gap around each container, but in order to give the desired effect, this must be designed relatively wide and the need for space thereby becomes unacceptable. It is also conceivable to cut the protruding parts of the roots of the forest plants to distinguish the containers, but this requires complicated mechanical devices, which are expensive to procure and susceptible to disturbances during operation.

In addition, it should be less appropriate to "stamp" o the roots.

Furthermore, the fiber structure of the roots must be taken into account.

The containers are designed so that the roots cannot penetrate their walls, e.g. of homogeneous plastic, the roots will grow around, ie. follow the container walls on the inside, and form “spins” with incorrect fiber growth direction, which has a detrimental effect on the development of the root system in the natural environment, ie. after transplanting.

Attempts have also been made to find means for impregnating the containers with cellulose walls in order to form a barrier against the penetration of the roots. However, there have been major problems with regard to the toxicity of the impregnating agent. Examples of such agents are copper compounds (Barnett & Mcßilvray, 1974, Furuta et al. 1972 and Burdett, 1978). Copper compounds probably hinder the development of the roots, but they cause poisoning of the plants, which are thus exposed to a strong negative = impact.

Such means are therefore useless.

Quite unexpectedly, it has now been found that the substance 5,5'-dichloro-2,2'-dihydroxy-diphenylmethane (which is also called dichlorophene and this name will for the sake of simplicity be used in the following) or salts 3 7801841-3 thereof gives the desired effect and the invention therefore relates to the use of a meristem-influencing substance for impregnating walls, bottom and substrate for containers for growing forest plants intended cellulosic material, the invention being seen in that meristem-influencing substance is used. , 5'-dichloro-2,2'-dihydroxy-diphenylmethane (dichlorophene) or salts thereof in an amount - based on the impregnated material - of at least 0.50 g / m 2, preferably 0.70 g / m 2 at a basis weight of the cellulosic material of at least 50 g / m whereby the meristem temporarily ceases to have the growth stimulating effect of its root system.

Further features of the invention appear from the subclaims.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. 1 shows a seed bed with containers according to the invention and Fig. 2 schematically shows a device for carrying out the impregnation according to the invention.

Fig. 1 shows one corner of a cultivation boat 1 for cultivating plants of various kinds, but preferably forest plants. This bed consists of a plurality of containers 2, which are placed in a frame or inclined box 3. It will be understood from this figure without special explanation the problems which may arise if the roots of the plants in the various containers 2 grow through the walls or if they penetrates through the bottom of the containers and into the network which usually forms the bottom of the enclosing box 3. As will be apparent from the above and as will be further elucidated hereinafter, these problems have been satisfactorily solved by the present invention.

Fig. 2 shows an example of a plant which may be used in the impregnation of cellulosic material according to the invention. Cellulose material 4 in strip form is unwound from a supply roll 5 and passed over a number of break rolls into a bath 6 with basic dichlorophen solution. The material 4 is then passed on to an acidic bath 7 for precipitating the dichlorophen on the fibers of the material. After this treatment, the strip of material 4 is passed over a further number of breaking rollers and wound up into a roll 8. Since in this context only the impregnation with and precipitation of dichlorophen is of interest, a detailed description of the various used breaking rollers and drying cylinders seems unnecessary.

In this context, however, it should be pointed out that the solution with dichlorophen should not be too basic, as this would require the use of a large amount of acid, which entails unjustified costs. The mechanism for influencing the root systems of forest plants in the cultivation of such plants in container 2 with cellulose walls impregnated according to the invention has not been fully explored, but a probable theory is as follows.

At each root tip there is a so-called meristem, which controls root development. The meristem releases a rotexudate to dissolve nutrients in the surrounding substrate so that these substances can be taken up by the roots and serve for their growth. This rotexudate changes the pH value, which causes dichlorophen to dissolve in amounts which affect the meristem so, that root growth stops temporarily.

However, it has been found that when the plants are removed from the container 2, i.e. when they are transplanted, dissolved dichlorophene - in the small concentrations in question - is eliminated and the roots can develop in the normal way.

In other words, the effect of dichlorophen does not remain after the impregnated cellulose wall has been removed.

In this context, it can be mentioned that the possibility of plastic coating the container walls has also been tested. It can thus be assumed that it is a question of what can be described as a temporary "paralysis". Thus, by means of the invention, an agent is obtained which inhibits the development of the roots in the immediate vicinity of the container wall and / or the container bed, as long as the forest plant is in the container 2, without this having any male effect on the continued development of the roots, when the plant is exposed to the natural environment.

The same applies if paper impregnated with dichlorophen is used to shield the seedbed from the substrate, e.g. in planters 3 with perforated or reticulated bottom 3a.

However, it has been found that by means of the invention further advantages are obtained. Dichlorufen kills parasites, e.g. fungi and bacteria, and this is possibly of great importance in two respects. Namely, these parasites not only break down the cellulose in the container walls, so that their strength is destroyed, but they also consume the nutrients which are supplied to the plants and which are intended for the forest plants. Thus, the added nutrients will now be fully utilized by the forest plants. Finally, it should be pointed out that the dichlorophen remains constant in the carrier after the impregnation, which is why there are no storage difficulties with the impregnated containers either. It should also be pointed out that in experiments carried out no toxic effect on the human mechanism of dichlorophen could be observed. Effects of the invention It appears from the following account of experiments performed.

EXPERIMENT WITH DICHLDRUFEN-TREATED WALL 1. Experimental procedure Containers intended for growing forest plants (Combicell) consisting of polyethylene-laminated paper wall (15 g plastic and 100 g paper / m2) were dipped in a basic solution of dichlorophene.

The concentration and dipping time of the solutions were such that the walls in different experimental stages were impregnated with amounts corresponding to 0 - 3% dichlorophene according to Table 1. The dichlorophene was precipitated in the paper wall with the aid of acetic acid, after which the containers were dried at room temperature.

Table 1. Description of the experimental stage Experimental stage 1 2 3 4 5% uichlornfen ou, 5i1, u 2.0 3.0 At a paper weight of 5D g / m2 corresponds to 0.5 g / m2 1% and at a paper weight of 100 g / m2 m2 U, 5%.

The containers were then filled with peat intended for plant cultivation (Hasselfors KUI) and watered. On 31/1, pine seeds were sown in the containers and germination started. The material has been cultivated in climate chambers with cultivation conditions corresponding to midsummer time in southern Norrland. Approximately 75 days after the start of germination, growth termination programs were initiated, which gradually became a winter program. the plants pianteraaes 1 two field trials on 17/6. In connection with the planting, seedlings were taken for an in-depth laboratory analysis, which is summarized in section 2.

The field trials included a number of seedlings that were excavated during the summer (on two occasions) for the study of root development, and a number of seedlings For a more long-term trial where their above-ground development is studied. These Experiments are reported under section 3 resp. 4. At planting, the wall was removed, whereby the root control ceased. 2. Laboratory analyzes after completion of cultivation in climate chambers.

Table 2 shows the measurements performed and results. 7801841-3 T fl bßll 2. Summary results of laboratory measurements. rarsakslea 1 z 3 a s sign. level ”Plant height 6.9 0.0 7.0 6.5 5.0 xx Diam.mm 2.1 02.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 not signed.

Dry weight above ground 9 / pl 0.06 1.03 1.06 1.06 1.01 not sign.

Dry weight root I 9 / pl 0.20 0.25 0.21 0.24 0.19 xx Wall weightz) '9 / pl 0.70 0.70 0.90 1.34 1.60 xxx Number of roots at the wall per cm 2.01 2.21 1.01 0.83 0.39 xxx 1) Significance level between experimental stages 2) Container weight after completion of cultivation.

Probably 3% dichlorophen is a level that inhibited plant development somewhat. In other respects, the chemical wall has had a positive effect on plant development. The root control effect of dichlorophene is very clear and the appropriate amount seems to be around 1% (renunciation 3). olklurofan is an effective fungicide which has resulted in a reduced cellulose degradation of the wall at increasing concentrations of dichlorophane. 3. Root studies during the 1st year in the field, impregnated walls removed.

For a special field trial, 20 seedlings were drawn per Fürsüksled, which after planting 17/6 were dug up on two occasions (10 seedlings respectively), partly on the 4th / late part and in late autumn when the seedlings ended their growth for the season. At each excavation, a number of variables were measured on the plants. The starting height and diameter of the plants were measured at planting, whereby the sample deviation from response. experimental stage averages could be checked. a) Excavation 4/8.

Table 3 shows baseline values for planting as well as measurement results from above-ground and root studies. 78Û1841 * '3 5 Table 3. Summary results at excavation 4/8 Farsakšied 1 2 3 4 5 sign.n1vå at Exit height cm 6.3 7.2 7.1 7.2 5.3 XX ïâ fi gte' ungångs0iam.mm 2, 2 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.9 ej sign.

Height growth in _ 'of 6.3 6.7 6.0 5.2 5.8 not sign.

Upper soil weight g / pl 2.1 3.0 2.0 2.7 2.3 not signed.

Barrlmmd mm 20 24 22 22 20 ej sign.

Grid weight in the substrate lump g / pl 0.35 0.46 0.39 0.50 0.43 not signed.

Roots below the substrate lump g / pi 0.64 0.50 0.47 0.51 0.42 x Total root weight _ g / pl 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 not signed.

The results show that only the amount of roots outside the substrate shows a significant (albeit weak) difference between the experimental stages. Experiment 5 with 3% dichlorophen has the lowest value.

In other respects, the starting height and diameter vary between the Fürsüksleden in the sample in approximately the same way as in the entire population (see Table 2). The generally lower measured values in the inventory For Experimental Route 5 may be related to the somewhat inhibited plant development during the cultivation period For this Experimental Route. The small number of plants means that no too far-reaching conclusions can be drawn. However, the diameter is usually an important "size-descriptive" variable. It is possible that the sample For Försäksled'3 and 5 has been disadvantaged (small initial diameters, compare table 2) and farcical stage 1 has been favored.

The conclusion is that if size differences that have arisen during the cultivation period and distortions are taken into account. Due to sampling errors, no differences in establishment occur between Försöksleden. This is also verified by the conifer length measurements. when planting 7801841-3 b) Excavation at the end of the growing season.

Table 4 shows the results of measurements on 29/10.

There are no significant differences between the experimental stages. The needle length, which often reveals establishment problems in the plants, does not differ between the experimental stages, which indicates that there is no difference in establishment conditions between the experimental stages.

Table 4. Summary results at the end of the growing season.

Trial path 1 2 3 4 5 Signal level Output height cm 7.2 7.5 7.3 6.7 6.1 not signed.

Output diameter. mm 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.2 62.0. ej sign.

Height growth cm 8.2 7.5 6.4 7.2 6.6 not signed.

Upper soil weight g / pl 5.1 4.8 4.2 5.3- 3.9 not signed.

Needle length mm 55 55 54 59 54 not signed.

Root weight in the substrate lump g / pl 0.76 0.80 0.76 0.79 0.62 not signed.

Roots below the substrate lump g / pl 1.03 0.94 0.79 1.14 0.92 not signed.

Total root weight 9 / pl 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.5 not signed. 4. The altitude measurement is the end of the first season in the field. In a separate field trial, a total of zoo plants were planted in three replicates, which were intended to be excavated, but where the future growth of the plants will be studied.

The final heights are largely affected by differences in starting height, as the firing length is approximately 5 cm on average for all experimental stages. With the help of regeneration analysis, the shot length is studied during the first year in the field if it is assumed that the starting height is the same for all experimental stages. 7801841-3 at planting Only experimental stage 2 (Û, 5% dichlorophene) showed a slightly larger shoot length. Otherwise, the shoot length was independent of Experimental stage. All planted plants have survived, Table 5. The height of the experimental plants in about after a season in Field.

Preliminary stage 1 2 3 4 5A Signal level One-way height of 6 ,? 7.6 7.0 7.0 6.2 x access diameter.mm 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 not signed. sluice height em 11.9 13.5 11.5 11.7 11.1 xxx shoot length cm 5.2 6.0 4.6 4.8 5.0 5. Summary and discussion Dichlorophen treatment fl @ _ the container wall has significantly affected the number of roots at the wall at the end of the growing season. With amounts of more 1% dichlorophen in the wall, the number of roots has decreased by half here to one-fifth. The roots that have reached the wall are also much shorter. The risks of troublesome root deformations which, after transplanting, can give rise to stability and root fracture problems, have thereby been significantly reduced. The effects of dichlorophen in the design used here have not affected the above-ground weight or the etam diameter during the cultivation period. A certain inhibition of the plant height can be neteravia 3% diklnrefen 1 the wall. at the same time as the plant height seems to be stimulated in the range 0.5 - 1%.

The root weight has not been inhibited even at 3%, on the contrary, the amount of root seems to be stimulated in the range 0.5 - 1.5%. This can be caused by a more active regeneration of roots in an area inside the wall (closer to the oentrum parts of the root) and as an effect of the main part of the de-root tips as when the wall is cut off.

From the point of view of plant cultivation, this achieves the double effect that the root is formed in such a way that for the Future Dangerous root deformations are avoided, and that the total amount of root is increased, which should facilitate the plant's establishment_e fi ter planting., 7801841-3 H the wall has been removed. If larger residues had migrated into the peat, this could continue to prevent the roots from going out into the surrounding mineral soil. Residues in the peat have not been measured, but from the results From the planting experiments there do not appear to be any major troublesome amounts, which in that case can be attributed to the low solubility For the dichlorophene in the acidic environment of the peat. Possibly from the inventory on 4 / B the relatively low root weight value outside the substrate lump For the Experimental stage with the highest content of dichlorophen in the wall (3%) can be affected by such residual amounts.

The plants are few and when planted out are somewhat smaller than what was normal before the experimental stage, which is why the result is difficult to interpret. The effects seem to have disappeared at the end of the season during all Fürhållandawha Förr. The development of conifer length is normally a sensitive measure of plant establishment. The measured values from the two inventories during the First Field Season do not indicate that the plants have reacted negatively under the conditions given in the experiment. When excavating the plants, it has further been noted that the roots that have grown in the mineral soil have been fairly well distributed over the entire substrate surface at both the bottom and sides.

The experiment thus shows that with a cellulose wall containing 1 ~ 2% (possibly up to 2.5) dichlorophene is obtained for pine plants: 1. A radically reduced root deformation by the roots being largely cut off or inhibited in their stretching, when they reach the wall. 2. A root system with greater biomass and without the biomass development of the above-ground part being negatively affected. 3. Roots which, after planting, leave the culture medium well distributed over the entire substrate surface. 10 7801841-3 Within the specified interval, no negative effects have been noted with regard to the establishment of the plants after planting, the dichlorophen has been applied to the cellulosic material of the container wall and the entire wall has been removed before planting.

The invention can of course be modified in many ways within the scope of the appended claims. Thus, it should be pointed out that in some contexts it may be sufficient to arrange throughout the enclosing cladding box 3 that sheets with the method according to the invention have treated material. Material other than cellulose could also be used, e.g. certain types of plastic.

Claims (3)

lg, 7801841-3 P a t e n t k r a v 1. The use of a meristem-affecting substance For impregnation of walls, bottom and substrate for containers For the cultivation of forest plants deposited cellulosic material 0.1., Characterized in that 5,5'-dichloro-2,2 'was used as meristem-affecting substance. -dihydroxy-diphenylmethane (dichlorophen) or salts thereof in an amount - calculated impregnated material - of at least 0.50 g / m2, preferably 0.70 g / m2 at a basis weight of the cellulosic material of at least SD g / m2, whereby the meristem temporarily ceases to stimulate the growth of the root system. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that a maximum of 20.0 g / m 2 of 5,5'-dichloro-2,2 '-dihydroxy-diphenylmethane is used at a basis weight of cellulosic material of at least 50 g / m2. The use according to claim 2, characterized in that the cellulosic material is impregnated with a basic solution of 5,5'-dichloro-2,2'-dihydroxy-phenylmethane and then treated with an acidifying substance. of 5,5'-dichloro-2,2'-dihydrexy-diphenylmethane in the cellulosic material.