FI63159C - ANVAENDNING AV ETT MERISTEM PAOVERKANDE AEMNE FOER IMPREGNERING AV FOER ODLING AV SKOGSPLANTOR AVSEDD BEHAOLLARE AV CELLULOSAMATERIAL - Google Patents

Description

ί- _______ ra1 „KU RELEASE PUBLICATION / 7Λ cq 11 utlAggningsskrift 63159 C Patent granted 1Q 05 1933

Patent No. ^ (S1) K ».ik.3 / Int.a.3 A 01 N 29/04, A 01 G; 9/10 FINLAND — FINLAND (M) 79027Ö (22) HatMmbpUvi — Ameknlnpd «g 29.01.79 (23) Starting point— <Ulcl | tMcadag 29.01.79 (41) Tullut lulkiMk ·) - Mhrlt ofUntllf 0g

Pstontti. and the National Board of Registration (44) NU) UvUulpanoa ‘kmd4Malm, n *’

Patent * och registerstyreltan Antokin uttag <l ock utUkrtft · * pebUnrsd 31 · 01.03 (32) (33) (31) requested «uolktut —Begird priortMt 17 * 02.78

Sweden-Sweden (SE) 78OI8L1-3 (71) Munksjö AB, Barnarpsgatan 39 »S-552 56 Jönköping, Sweden-Sweden (SE) (72) Bengt Hdkan Hultin, Hedemora, Sweden-Sweden (SE) (7I +) Leitzinger Oy (54) Use of a meristem active substance to impregnate a container of cellulosic material for the cultivation of wood seedlings - Användning av ett meristem päverkande ämne för impregnering av för odling av skogs-plantor avsedd beh & llare av cellulosamaterial

The increasing rationalization of forestry requires mechanization, which of course includes the increasing use of machinery in the processing of wood seedlings as well. In order to be treated, wood-seedlings must be packed in such a way that they can withstand mechanical handling. In recent years, therefore, wood seedlings have been placed in containers suitable for such treatment. The walls of these tanks are made of cellulose. However, there are numerous difficulties with them, one of which is that the roots of the tree seedlings penetrate through the cellulose walls of the container, which e.g. can cause the roots of several containers to be intertwined and, moreover, the roots coming from the container to penetrate through the walls of nearby containers so that the containers are difficult to separate.

Attempts have been made to eliminate this downside in various ways. The nipple is designed to form an air gap around each tank, but should be relatively wide to provide the desired performance, making space requirements undesirably high. Further consideration has been given to the possibility of cutting protruding tree seedling roots across to separate the containers, but it requires complex mechanical equipment that is expensive to obtain and sensitive to operational disturbances. In addition, it is not desirable to "snippet" the roots.

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The fibrous structure of the roots must also be taken into account. If the containers are shaped so that the roots cannot penetrate through their walls, for example when using homogeneous plastic, the roots will grow around, i.e. follow the inner walls of the container, adversely affecting the development of the root system in the natural environment, i.e. after planting.

Attempts have also been made to find agents for impregnating the walls of the container so as to form a barrier to penetration of the roots.

However, it has encountered major problems in terms of impregnant toxicity. Examples of such substances are copper compounds which actually prevent root penetration but cause poisoning of seedlings, which have thus been exposed to too strong a negative effect. Such substances cannot therefore be used.

Quite unexpectedly, it has been shown that 5,5'-dichloro-2,2'-dihydroxy-diphenylmethane derivative or salts thereof give the desired result and the invention thus relates to the use of a meristem active substance for impregnating the bottom and substrate of a wall in a tank for is a cellulosic material or the like, the invention means that 5,5'-dichloro-2,2'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane, its derivatives or salts thereof are used as the active ingredient of the meristem, at least 0.5 g / m, more preferably 0 , 70 g / m for a cellulosic material with a basis weight of at least 50 g / m, whereby the meristem is temporarily no longer stimulated by the root system.

A suitable way to carry out this impregnation is to use a basic solution of 5,5'-dichloro-2,2'-dihydroxy-diphenylmethane to impregnate the cellulosic material and then to carry the impregnated cellulosic material through an acidic liquid, whereby 5,5'-dichloro-2, 2'-Dihydroxy-diphenylmethane is absorbed into the fibers of the carrier, i.e. the cellulosic fibers of the tank wall.

Other features of the invention will be apparent from the subclaims.

In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 63159

Figure 1 shows one angle of the culture medium 1 used for growing various plants, most preferably tree seedlings. This base consists of several containers 2 arranged in a frame or a surrounding box 3. From this figure one should understand without special explanation the problems that may occur if the roots of plants in different containers 2 grow through walls or penetrate through the bottom of the container and into the net, which usually forms the bottom of the surrounding box 3. These problems have been solved by the present invention, as will be apparent from the foregoing and as will be explained below.

Figure 2 shows an example of a device which can be considered for use in impregnating a cellulosic material according to the invention. The web-like cellulosic material 4 is wound from a roll 5 and guided through a number of turning rollers into a bath 6 containing basic 5,5'-dichloro-2,2'-dihydroxy-diphenylmethane. The material 4 is then passed to an acid bath 7 to absorb 5,5-dichloro-2,2'-dihydroxy, diphenylmethane into the fibers of the material. After this treatment, the material web 4 continues to pass through a few turning rollers and is wound on a roll 8. Since only the impregnation and impregnation with 5,5'-dichloro-2,2'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane itself are important in this connection, a more detailed description of the various turning rollers and drying cylinders is given. considered unnecessary. However, it should be noted that the 5,5'-dichloro-2,2'-dihydroxy-diphenylmethane solution should not be too alkaline as it would require the use of large amounts of acid, which is not cost-effective.

The mechanism affecting the root system of tree seedlings when cultivating such seedlings in a tank 2 with cellulose walls impregnated according to the invention has not been fully investigated, but the plausible theory is as follows. Each root tip has a so-called a meristem that guides root development. The meristem releases root secretion, to dissolve nutrients from the surrounding material so that these substances can migrate to the roots and promote their accumulation. This root secretion alters the pH, which causes: 5. 5'-dichloro-2,2'-dihydroxy-diphenyllimethane to dissolve in amounts that affect the meristem so that root growth ceases temporarily. However, it has been found that when the seedling is removed from the tank 2, for example when planted, 5,5'-dichloro-2,2'-dihydroxy-diphenylmethane - in the low densities at issue here - is eliminated and the roots can develop normally. That is, 5,5'-dichloro-2,2'-dihydroxy-diphenylmethane has no effect after the saturated cellulose cells have been removed. In this context, it must be said that the possibilities of coating the walls of the tank with plastic have also been tried. In that case, however, it must be regarded as a measure which may be described as 'paralyzing' on a temporary basis.

The invention thus provides a substance which prevents the development of roots in the immediate vicinity of the tank wall and / or the bottom of the tank as long as the tree seedlings are in the tank 2 without any detrimental effect on the continuous development of the roots after the seedling is introduced into the natural environment. This also applies if paper impregnated with 5,5'-dichloro-2,2'-dihydroxyphenylmethane is used to restrain the seed base against the base, e.g. when the base 3a of the plant boxes 3 is perforated or reticulated. However, it has been shown that the invention provides other advantages. Namely, 5,5'-dichloro-2,2'-dimethoxy-diphenylmethane kills parasites, for example fungi and bacteria, which is of great importance in both senses. These parasites not only decompose the cellulose in the walls of the tank so as to reduce their durability, but also use the food which is brought into the crop and which is intended for tree seedlings. Thus, the food now given will be used entirely for the benefit of tree seedlings. Finally, it should be noted that 5,5'-dichloro-2,2'-dihydroxy-diphenylmethane remains permanently in its carrier after impregnation, so that there are no storage difficulties in the case of impregnated containers. It should also be noted that 5,51-dichloro-2,2'-dihydroxy-diphenylmethane 11a has not been shown to have any toxic effects in humans.

The invention can, of course, be formulated in many ways within the scope of the claims below.

Thus, it should be noted that in certain contexts it may be sufficient to place a sheet of material treated by the method according to the invention under the entire surrounding culture box 3. It is also conceivable to use a material other than cellulose, for example plastic.

5 63159

Experiments with a dichlorophene-treated wall 1 · Performance of experiments

Containers made of polyethylene laminated paper walls (15 g plastic and 100 g paper / m) for growing forest seedlings were immersed in an alkaline solution of dichlorophen. The concentration of the solution and the immersion time were chosen so that 0 to 3% of dichlorophen was absorbed into the walls in different experimental periods according to Table 1. Dichlorophen was precipitated on the paper wall with acetic acid, after which the tank was dried at room temperature.

Table 1. Description of test periods

Test period 12345% dichlorophen 0 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 The tanks were then filled with growing peat (Hasselfors KOI) and moistened. On the last day of January, pine seeds were sown in a tank and germination began. The experiments were performed in an air-conditioned chamber with growing conditions similar to mid-summer in southern Norland. About 75 days after the onset of germination, a growth end program was initiated, which gradually became a winter program.

Seedlings were planted in two field trials on June 17th. At the time of planting, the seedlings were carefully analyzed in the laboratory as described in section 2.

In field experiments, some seedlings were dug up to monitor the development of root growth and in addition the above-ground development of seedlings was monitored. These experiments are described in more detail in sections 3 and 4. At the time of planting, the wall was removed, at which point the root control ended.

2. Laboratory analyzes after completion of culture in an air-conditioned chamber.

Table 2 shows the measurements performed and their results.

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Table 2.

Trial period 1234 5 Essential level ^ '

Plant height 6.9 8.0 7.0 6.5 5.8 xx

Diameter mm 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 not applicable.

Dry weight on land.

g / plants 0.88 1.03 1.06 1.06 1.01 not relevant.

Dry weight, root g / seedling 0.20 0.25 0.27 0.24 0.19 xx c ...... 2)

Semamweight g / seedling 0.70 0.78 0.90 1.34 1.60 xxx

Number of roots per wall per cm ^ 2.01 2.21 1.01 0.83 0.39 xxx 1) Essential level between test periods 2) Tank weight at the end of cultivation

Probably 3% dichlorophen is a level that inhibits trout development. In other respects, chemically treated wall has positively affected seedling development. The root-directing effect of dichlorophen is very clear and a suitable amount is about 1% (experimental period 3). Dichlorophen is an effective fungicide that reduced cellulose penetration from the walls when the dichlorophen content was increased.

3. Root surveys in the first field year impregnated walls removed ina.

20 seedlings were selected for a special field experiment, half of which were raised after planting on 4 August and the rest in late autumn, when seedling growth had stopped. In connection with the lifting of seedlings, a number of measurements were made, in addition to which the starting height of the seedlings. and diameter was measured at planting. The test results are given in the following tables.

(a) Seedlings raised on 4 August.

Table 3 gives the values measured during lifting.

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Table 3

Test period 1 '/ 2 3 4 5 Essential level Starting height cm 6.3 7.2 7.1 7.2 5.3 xx Starting diameter mm 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.9 not relevant.

Height increase cm 6.3 6.7 6.0 5.2 5.8 not relevant.

Terrestrial. weight of parts g / seedling 2.1 3.0 2.0 2.7 2.3 not relevant.

Needle length mm 20 24 22 22 20 not applicable.

Root clump weight g / seedling 0.35 0.46 0.39 0.50 0.43 not relevant.

Roots under the clump g / seedlings 0.64 0.58 0.47 0.51 0.42 x

Total root weight g / seedling 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 not relevant.

The results show that only the roots outside the root cluster differ from each other in the test periods. Test period 5 with a dichlorophen content of 3 S shows the lowest value. The lower measurement values obtained throughout Experimental Period 5 may be due to the attenuated development of seedlings during the cultivation period of this period. In summary, however, no significant differences were observed between the test periods. This is also confirmed by needle length measurements.

(b) Lifting of seedlings in late autumn.

The measurement results obtained in connection with this experiment are given in Table 4. No significant differences could be observed between the experimental periods. In the experimental periods, the lengths of the needles do not differ substantially from each other, which clearly shows that there are no differences in growth ability.

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Table 4 63159

Test period 12 3 45 Essential level Starting height cm 7.2 7.5 7.3 6.7 6.1 not relevant.

Output diameter mm 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.0 not applicable.

Height increase cm 8.2 7.5 6.4 7.2 6.6 not relevant.

Terrestrial. weight of parts g / seedling 5.1 4.8 4.2 5.3 3.9 not relevant.

Needle length mm 55 44 54 59 54 not applicable.

Root clump weight g / seedling 0.76 0.80 0.76 0.79 0.62 not relevant.

Roots under the clump g / seedlings 1.03 0.94 0.79 1.14 0.92 not relevant.

Total root weight g / seedling 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.5 not relevant.

4. Altitude measurement at the end of the first field season.

As a separate field experiment, 300 stalks were planted to monitor their long-term growth increase. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the differences in final heights are mainly due to differences in starting heights. The height of the seedlings after one field season is given in Table 5.

Table 5.

Test period 12 3 45 Essential level Starting height cm 6.7 7.6 7.0 7.0 6.2 xx Starting diameter mm 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 not relevant.

Final height cm 11.9 13.9 11.5 11.7 11.1. xxx

Ureas length cm 5.2 6.0 4.6 4.8 5.0 5. Summary

The results of the experiments show that the dichlorophen-treated tank wall has clearly affected the number of roots adjacent to the wall. In addition, the roots extending up to the wall are considerably shorter, which significantly reduces the incidence of deformities. In addition, you use dichlorophen,! 1 s · '63159 in the amounts shown does not affect the above-ground parts of the seedlings. After planting, the plant grown in the container treated according to the invention develops completely normally.

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Claims (4)

Claims 6315 9 Use of a meristem active substance for impregnating the walls, base and substrate of a container of cellulosic material or the like intended for the cultivation of wood seedlings, characterized in that 5,5'-dichloro-2,2'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane, its derivatives or salts are used as the meristem active substance at least 0.5 g / m, preferably 0.70 g / m for a cellulosic material having a basis weight of at least 50 g / m, whereby the meristem temporarily ceases to stimulate the growth of the root system. Use according to Claim 1, characterized in that a maximum of 20.0 g / m 5,5'-dichloro-2,2'-dihydroxy-diphenylmethane and a cellulosic material having a basis weight of at least 50 g / m 2 is used. . Use according to Claim 2, characterized in that the cellulosic material is impregnated with a basic solution of 5,5'-dichloro-2,2'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane and then treated with an acidifying agent 5,5'-dichloro-2,2'-dihydroxy- to absorb diphenylmethane into the cellulosic material. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plastic-coated cellulosic material is impregnated.