CA1110082A - Method of impregnating material webs with substances affecting the meristems - Google Patents
Method of impregnating material webs with substances affecting the meristemsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1110082A CA1110082A CA304,141A CA304141A CA1110082A CA 1110082 A CA1110082 A CA 1110082A CA 304141 A CA304141 A CA 304141A CA 1110082 A CA1110082 A CA 1110082A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- meristems
- container
- dichlorophen
- plant
- dihydroxydiphenylmethane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
- A01N31/08—Oxygen or sulfur directly attached to an aromatic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0295—Units comprising two or more connected receptacles
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A method of impregnating the material forming the walls, the bottom and the support of containers designed to hold preferably forest tree plants during the nursing period thereof, which 5:5'-dichlore-2:2'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane with temporarily holds back the development of the plant roots by affecting the meristems therein.
A method of impregnating the material forming the walls, the bottom and the support of containers designed to hold preferably forest tree plants during the nursing period thereof, which 5:5'-dichlore-2:2'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane with temporarily holds back the development of the plant roots by affecting the meristems therein.
Description
~110082 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The increasing rationalization of the forestry industry demands a high degree of mechanization and as a result machines are more widely used also in the handling of forest tree plants. To make it possible to handle forest tree plants by machine, it is necessary, however, that the plants are packaged in such a manner as to be able to withstand the effects of mechanized handling. In later years, the forest tree plants are seeded, nursed and forced in containers suitable for mechanized handling. The walls of such containers are made from cellulose products. This causes a number of difficulties, one being that the roots of the forest tree plants penetrate through the cellulose walls of the container, and as a result the roots from several containers may become entangled and in addition, the roots from one container may penetrate the walls of an adjacent container, making the containers difficult to separate.
Attempts of various kinds have been made to eliminate this disadvantage. One possible solution is to create an air gap around each individual container, but to provide the intended effect, this gap must be comparatively wide and consequently the space requirements become unacceptable. Another suggested possibility is to cut off the projecting roots of the forest tree plants and separate the containers in this way, but complicated mechanical equipment is needed for such operations, which is expensive to purchase and sensitive and therefore proned to operational breakdowns. Also, it is not very advisable to "mutilate" the roots.
Furthermore, the fibrous structure of the roots must be ~r lllQ08Z
taken into consideration. If the containers are designed in such a way that the roots are prevented from penetrating through the walls thereof, e.g. if the latter are made from a homogeneous plastics material, the roots of the plant will grow in circles, i.e. they will develop along the inner faces of the container walls and form coils wherein the fibrous orientation is the wrong one, which disadvantageously influences the development of the root system in the natural environment of the plant, i.e. when the plants have been set out.
Attempts have also been made to find substances that are suitable to impregnate the cellulose walls of the container in order to form an inhibitor preventing penetration of the roots. These attempts have, however, involved considerable problems on account of the toxicity of the impregnating substances. As an example of substances of this kind may be mentioned copper compounds which probably set back the development of the roots but are poisonous to the plants which thus are exposed to extremely negative effects.
Substances of this kind therefore are useless.
SUMMARY OF THE SUBJECT INVENTION
~lite unexpectedly, one has found that the substance 5:5'-dichloro-2:2'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane (also known as dichlorophen which denomination will be used in the following to simplify the description), its derivatives or salts produce the desired effect, and the invention accordingly relates to a method of impregnating the cellulose walls of containers designed for the cultivation of plants, preferably forest tree plants, the invention more precisely residing in the impregnation of the container walls with a substance that affects the meristems of the roots, this substance, as mentioned above, preferably consisting of dichlorophen or salts thereof. Also various derivatives of the substance could give the desired effect.
A suitable and preferred way of carrying out the impregnation consists of using a basic solution of dichlorophen with which the ce~lulose material is impregnated, and then passing the impregnated cellulose material through an acid liquid, which causes the dichlorophen to deposit on the fibres of the carrier, i.e. the cellulose fibres in the container wall. Excellent results are obtained when using a solution containing dichlorophen in such amounts that the cellulose material, after finished treatment, will contain dichlorophen in amounts of between 0.5 and 20.0 g/m or more, although amounts of 0.70 g/m should be suitable amount for the carrier when the latter has a surface weight of at least 50 g/m .
Further characteristics of the invention will appear from the dependent claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRA~INGS
The invention will be described in closer detail in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein, Fig. 1 illustrates a seedbed incorporating containers in accordance with the invention, and Fig. 2 illustrates schematically a machine to carry out the impregnation method in accordance with the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Fig. 1 shows one corner of cultivation bed 1 for growing ll~Q08Z
plants of various kind, preferably forest tree plants. This bed consists of a number of containers 2 which are inserted in a frame or enclosing box 3. Without particular or detailed explanation the drawing figure should make ~mderstandable the problems that might arise if the roots from the plants in the various containers 2 grow through the walls or if they penetrate through the container bottoms and into the network which generally forms the bottom wall of the enclosing box 3. These problems are solved in a satisfactory manner by the subject invention, as indicated above and as will become more readily apparent in the following.
Fig. 2 shows an example of a machine that might be used to impregnate the cellulose material in accordance with the invention.
Cellulose material 4 in web form is unreeled from a supply roll 5 and carried over a number of deflector rolls down into a bath 6 containing a basic solution of dichlorophen. From there, the material 4 is passed further onto an acid bath 7 wherein the diclorophen is deposited on the fibres of the material. Following this treatment, the web of materlal 4 is passed over an additional number of deflector ro]ls and wound onto a roll 8. In the subject context it is only the very impregnation with and the deposition of dichlorophen that is of interest, and for this reason a detailed description of the various deflector rolls and dryer cylinders is not called for as they are of a kind normally used in the field. In this connection should, however, be mentioned that the solution containing dichlorophen must not be too basic, as this would require the use of large amounts of acid and consequently unreasonably high costs.
.~
The mechanism that controls the effects on the root system of the forest tree plants in the cultivation of such plants in containers 2 having cellulose walls that are impregnated in accordance with the teachings of the subject invention, is not fully understood but one likely theory is the following one. At each root point there exists a so called meristem which controls the development of the root. l`he meristem gives off a root exudate which causes dissolution of the nutrients in the surrounding substrate, allowing these nutrients to be absorbed by the roots and be instrumental in their growth. This root exudate changes the pH-value in the environment, and as a result, the dichlorophen is dissolved in amounts that affect the meristem in such a manner that the root growth stops temporarily. One has found, however, that when the plant is removed from the container 2, i.e. when it is set out, the dissolved dichlorophen - in the small concentrations involved in this case - is eliminated and the roots are able to develop in their normal way. In other words, the effects of the dichlorophen are not permanent and do not remain after removal of the impregnated cellulose wall. In this connection may be mentioned that one has also tried the possibility of applying a plastics coating on the container walls. It can therefore be ass~lmed that it is according to the subject invention a question of a phenomenon that could be called temporary paralysation .
The invention thus provides a means to ~estrain the development of the roots in the immediate vicinity of the container walls and/or bottom as long as the forest tree plant is positioned in the container 2, and this without causing any negative effects whatsoever on the later development of the roots, when the plant is set out in its natural environment. The same is true when dichlorophen-impregnated paper is used to screen off the seedbed from the substratum, for example in plant boxes 3 having a perforated or net-like bottom 3a. However, additional advantages are obtained by the invention. Dichlorophen kills parasites, such as e.g. fungi and bacteria, and this is of considerable importance in two respects.
The parasites not only cause decomposition of the cellulose of the container walls, thereby diminishing their durability and strength, but they also consume the nutrients supplied to the cultivations and intended to feed the forest tree plants. Owing to the subject invention, the forest tree plants can now make full use of the supplied nutrients. Finally should be pointed out that dichlorophen remains unchanged the carrier after the impregnation, for which reason the impregnated container can be stored without any problems. In addition should be stressed the fact that in the pratical tests carried out on the impregnated material in accordance with the invention no poisonous or harmful effects on the human body, originating from dichlorophen, have been found.
The invention naturally could be modified in a variety of ways within the scope of the appended claims.
For instance, it should be pointed out that under certain conditions it might be sufficient to arrange below the entire enclosing cultivation box 3 a sheet of a material impregnated in accordance with the teachings of the invention. Gther materials than cellulose could also be used, such as e.g. certain types of plastics.
The increasing rationalization of the forestry industry demands a high degree of mechanization and as a result machines are more widely used also in the handling of forest tree plants. To make it possible to handle forest tree plants by machine, it is necessary, however, that the plants are packaged in such a manner as to be able to withstand the effects of mechanized handling. In later years, the forest tree plants are seeded, nursed and forced in containers suitable for mechanized handling. The walls of such containers are made from cellulose products. This causes a number of difficulties, one being that the roots of the forest tree plants penetrate through the cellulose walls of the container, and as a result the roots from several containers may become entangled and in addition, the roots from one container may penetrate the walls of an adjacent container, making the containers difficult to separate.
Attempts of various kinds have been made to eliminate this disadvantage. One possible solution is to create an air gap around each individual container, but to provide the intended effect, this gap must be comparatively wide and consequently the space requirements become unacceptable. Another suggested possibility is to cut off the projecting roots of the forest tree plants and separate the containers in this way, but complicated mechanical equipment is needed for such operations, which is expensive to purchase and sensitive and therefore proned to operational breakdowns. Also, it is not very advisable to "mutilate" the roots.
Furthermore, the fibrous structure of the roots must be ~r lllQ08Z
taken into consideration. If the containers are designed in such a way that the roots are prevented from penetrating through the walls thereof, e.g. if the latter are made from a homogeneous plastics material, the roots of the plant will grow in circles, i.e. they will develop along the inner faces of the container walls and form coils wherein the fibrous orientation is the wrong one, which disadvantageously influences the development of the root system in the natural environment of the plant, i.e. when the plants have been set out.
Attempts have also been made to find substances that are suitable to impregnate the cellulose walls of the container in order to form an inhibitor preventing penetration of the roots. These attempts have, however, involved considerable problems on account of the toxicity of the impregnating substances. As an example of substances of this kind may be mentioned copper compounds which probably set back the development of the roots but are poisonous to the plants which thus are exposed to extremely negative effects.
Substances of this kind therefore are useless.
SUMMARY OF THE SUBJECT INVENTION
~lite unexpectedly, one has found that the substance 5:5'-dichloro-2:2'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane (also known as dichlorophen which denomination will be used in the following to simplify the description), its derivatives or salts produce the desired effect, and the invention accordingly relates to a method of impregnating the cellulose walls of containers designed for the cultivation of plants, preferably forest tree plants, the invention more precisely residing in the impregnation of the container walls with a substance that affects the meristems of the roots, this substance, as mentioned above, preferably consisting of dichlorophen or salts thereof. Also various derivatives of the substance could give the desired effect.
A suitable and preferred way of carrying out the impregnation consists of using a basic solution of dichlorophen with which the ce~lulose material is impregnated, and then passing the impregnated cellulose material through an acid liquid, which causes the dichlorophen to deposit on the fibres of the carrier, i.e. the cellulose fibres in the container wall. Excellent results are obtained when using a solution containing dichlorophen in such amounts that the cellulose material, after finished treatment, will contain dichlorophen in amounts of between 0.5 and 20.0 g/m or more, although amounts of 0.70 g/m should be suitable amount for the carrier when the latter has a surface weight of at least 50 g/m .
Further characteristics of the invention will appear from the dependent claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRA~INGS
The invention will be described in closer detail in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein, Fig. 1 illustrates a seedbed incorporating containers in accordance with the invention, and Fig. 2 illustrates schematically a machine to carry out the impregnation method in accordance with the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Fig. 1 shows one corner of cultivation bed 1 for growing ll~Q08Z
plants of various kind, preferably forest tree plants. This bed consists of a number of containers 2 which are inserted in a frame or enclosing box 3. Without particular or detailed explanation the drawing figure should make ~mderstandable the problems that might arise if the roots from the plants in the various containers 2 grow through the walls or if they penetrate through the container bottoms and into the network which generally forms the bottom wall of the enclosing box 3. These problems are solved in a satisfactory manner by the subject invention, as indicated above and as will become more readily apparent in the following.
Fig. 2 shows an example of a machine that might be used to impregnate the cellulose material in accordance with the invention.
Cellulose material 4 in web form is unreeled from a supply roll 5 and carried over a number of deflector rolls down into a bath 6 containing a basic solution of dichlorophen. From there, the material 4 is passed further onto an acid bath 7 wherein the diclorophen is deposited on the fibres of the material. Following this treatment, the web of materlal 4 is passed over an additional number of deflector ro]ls and wound onto a roll 8. In the subject context it is only the very impregnation with and the deposition of dichlorophen that is of interest, and for this reason a detailed description of the various deflector rolls and dryer cylinders is not called for as they are of a kind normally used in the field. In this connection should, however, be mentioned that the solution containing dichlorophen must not be too basic, as this would require the use of large amounts of acid and consequently unreasonably high costs.
.~
The mechanism that controls the effects on the root system of the forest tree plants in the cultivation of such plants in containers 2 having cellulose walls that are impregnated in accordance with the teachings of the subject invention, is not fully understood but one likely theory is the following one. At each root point there exists a so called meristem which controls the development of the root. l`he meristem gives off a root exudate which causes dissolution of the nutrients in the surrounding substrate, allowing these nutrients to be absorbed by the roots and be instrumental in their growth. This root exudate changes the pH-value in the environment, and as a result, the dichlorophen is dissolved in amounts that affect the meristem in such a manner that the root growth stops temporarily. One has found, however, that when the plant is removed from the container 2, i.e. when it is set out, the dissolved dichlorophen - in the small concentrations involved in this case - is eliminated and the roots are able to develop in their normal way. In other words, the effects of the dichlorophen are not permanent and do not remain after removal of the impregnated cellulose wall. In this connection may be mentioned that one has also tried the possibility of applying a plastics coating on the container walls. It can therefore be ass~lmed that it is according to the subject invention a question of a phenomenon that could be called temporary paralysation .
The invention thus provides a means to ~estrain the development of the roots in the immediate vicinity of the container walls and/or bottom as long as the forest tree plant is positioned in the container 2, and this without causing any negative effects whatsoever on the later development of the roots, when the plant is set out in its natural environment. The same is true when dichlorophen-impregnated paper is used to screen off the seedbed from the substratum, for example in plant boxes 3 having a perforated or net-like bottom 3a. However, additional advantages are obtained by the invention. Dichlorophen kills parasites, such as e.g. fungi and bacteria, and this is of considerable importance in two respects.
The parasites not only cause decomposition of the cellulose of the container walls, thereby diminishing their durability and strength, but they also consume the nutrients supplied to the cultivations and intended to feed the forest tree plants. Owing to the subject invention, the forest tree plants can now make full use of the supplied nutrients. Finally should be pointed out that dichlorophen remains unchanged the carrier after the impregnation, for which reason the impregnated container can be stored without any problems. In addition should be stressed the fact that in the pratical tests carried out on the impregnated material in accordance with the invention no poisonous or harmful effects on the human body, originating from dichlorophen, have been found.
The invention naturally could be modified in a variety of ways within the scope of the appended claims.
For instance, it should be pointed out that under certain conditions it might be sufficient to arrange below the entire enclosing cultivation box 3 a sheet of a material impregnated in accordance with the teachings of the invention. Gther materials than cellulose could also be used, such as e.g. certain types of plastics.
Claims (5)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS
1. A method of inhibiting the root growth of containerized plants, particularly cellulosic or plastics containers serving to cultivate forest tree plants by impregnating the container walls with a substance affecting plant meristems, characterised in that said substance affecting the meristems is 5:5'-dichloro-2:2'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane (dichlorophen), derivates or salts thereof, said substance used in minimum amounts of 0.5 g/m2, preferably 0.70g/m2 for a surface weight of the container material of at least 50 g/m2, whereby the stimulating effect of said meristems on the growth of the root system temporarily ceases.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that a maximum of 20.0 g/m2 of dichlorophen is used for a surface weight of the container material of at least 50 g/m2.
3. A method as claimed in claim 2, comprising impregnating said cellulose material with a basic solution of 5:5'-dichloro-2:2'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane and thereafter treating said material with an acidifying agent to deposit the 5:5'-dichloro-2:2'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane in the container material.
4. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2 of 3, characterised in that the cellulosic material used to form the plant-holding containers is coated with polyethylene.
5. A method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that the plastics material used to form the plant-holding containers is polyethylene.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE7801841A SE443281B (en) | 1978-02-17 | 1978-02-17 | APPLICATION OF A MERIST-TEMPORARY SUBJECT FOR IMPREGNATION OF WALLS, BOTTOM AND BASIS FOR CONTAINERS FOR CULTIVATION OF FORESTRY PLANTS DETERMINED CELLULOSA MATERIAL |
| SE7801841-3 | 1978-02-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1110082A true CA1110082A (en) | 1981-10-06 |
Family
ID=20334021
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA304,141A Expired CA1110082A (en) | 1978-02-17 | 1978-05-25 | Method of impregnating material webs with substances affecting the meristems |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS54129120A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7900919A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1110082A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2905382C2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES477650A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI63159C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2417254A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2026460B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE443281B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE8712609U1 (en) * | 1987-09-18 | 1988-01-07 | Noelken Gmbh, 5340 Bad Honnef, De | |
| FI90716C (en) * | 1989-02-01 | 2000-01-21 | Kalottinvest Oy | Wall material for the nursery comb |
| FI20106039A (en) * | 2010-10-08 | 2012-04-09 | Upm Kymmene Corp | Cultivation substrate, inner material for a cultivation substrate, and method for producing a cultivation substrate |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3164507A (en) * | 1961-07-31 | 1965-01-05 | Nippon Beet Sugar Mfg | Method of making cylinders for raising and transplanting seedlings of farm crops |
| DK124511B (en) * | 1967-06-28 | 1972-10-30 | Nippon Beet Sugar Mfg | Collection of paper containers for use in plant germination or similar and for automatic transplanting of seedlings. |
| JPS537403A (en) * | 1976-07-02 | 1978-01-23 | Nippon Beet Sugar Mfg | Assembled paper pot for growing seedling |
| JPH0644319B2 (en) * | 1986-06-30 | 1994-06-08 | 清水建設株式会社 | Multi-level warning system for disaster prevention in clean room |
-
1978
- 1978-02-17 SE SE7801841A patent/SE443281B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-05-25 CA CA304,141A patent/CA1110082A/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-01-29 FI FI790278A patent/FI63159C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-02-12 FR FR7903817A patent/FR2417254A1/en active Granted
- 1979-02-13 DE DE2905382A patent/DE2905382C2/en not_active Expired
- 1979-02-13 ES ES477650A patent/ES477650A1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-02-14 BR BR7900919A patent/BR7900919A/en unknown
- 1979-02-15 GB GB7905361A patent/GB2026460B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-02-16 JP JP1713579A patent/JPS54129120A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR7900919A (en) | 1979-09-11 |
| FR2417254B1 (en) | 1983-12-16 |
| SE443281B (en) | 1986-02-24 |
| FI63159C (en) | 1983-05-10 |
| DE2905382A1 (en) | 1979-08-30 |
| GB2026460A (en) | 1980-02-06 |
| GB2026460B (en) | 1983-03-23 |
| JPS6315241B2 (en) | 1988-04-04 |
| DE2905382C2 (en) | 1986-05-15 |
| JPS54129120A (en) | 1979-10-06 |
| ES477650A1 (en) | 1980-09-01 |
| SE7801841L (en) | 1979-08-18 |
| FR2417254A1 (en) | 1979-09-14 |
| FI790278A (en) | 1979-08-18 |
| FI63159B (en) | 1983-01-31 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |