SE441536B - WALL BASKET OF VERTICAL LIGHT BULBS AND FOAM CONCRETE - Google Patents

Abstract

A wall 1, especially for a residential property and small industrial plant, constructed from lightweight girders 5 and, as surface-forming and bulk-forming material between these, foamed concrete 4. The walls can be used both as partition walls between different spaces and as external walls both above the earth and beneath the earth surface. The foamed concrete 4, which has closed pores and can therefore also serve as a damp barrier or wind barrier, can either be cast on site or can be made in advance as a construction element. The fact that the foamed concrete wholly or, for the most part, encloses the lightweight- concrete girders means that the risk of buckling or rotation of the latter is virtually eliminated and the load can therefore be multiplied in relation to bare lightweight-concrete girders.

Description

20 25 30 35 40 8-09827lP6 For these load-bearing exterior walls as well as heart walls indoors, aerated concrete is now often used in larger or smaller blocks. The aerated concrete usually consists of high-pressure vapor-hardened aerated concrete, so-called aerated concrete. As the bearing capacity of aerated concrete is in some relation to the density of the material, it has been found that in order to obtain sufficient bearing capacity of the structure, it has been necessary to use aerated concrete with a relatively high density, about 1200 kg / m3, and also make the walls quite thick. The construction has thereby become both heavy and space-consuming. With increased bearing capacity of the foam concrete with concomitant increased density, another major disadvantage emerges. The thermal insulation capacity of the aerated concrete drops catastrophically with increasing density. on the thermal insulation of exterior walls to heated premises and the requirements that are assumed to come in the future means that the future of these wall constructions does not The requirements set today appear too bright.

Even now, the construction requires strong additional insulation to comply with current regulations. A common construction with additional insulation is that the wall is built in two shells with an insulating layer placed between them.

This construction is understandably expensive. The disadvantages of current aerated concrete constructions are also that the aerated concrete usually cannot be cast on site but must be heat-cured in special furnaces.

One form of aerated concrete is foam concrete. Foam concrete is prepared by adding a foam-former to a cement-water mixture, after which air is whipped into the density of the ready-mixed and dry foam concrete. Tests performed show that it is possible to prepare this mixture. varied with the amount of whipped air. set foam concrete with a density down to at least about 200 kg / m3.

Bending sheet metal beams has gained more and more ground, especially in areas where loads are limited. According to the Swedish Steel Construction Committee's "Standards for sheet metal structures 79", StBK-5, sheet metal refers to steel and aluminum sheet with a thickness of less than 4 mm.

The load-bearing capacity of the sheet metal structure is usually limited to a lesser extent by the strength properties of the material but more firmly by the tendency to buckling of sub-surfaces. A conventional Z- or U-shaped sheet metal beam, for example, runs a high risk of buckling in both the life and the printed flange long before the yield strength of the material is exceeded.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: It has now surprisingly been found that the risk of buckling and twisting of sheet metal beams used in walls or wall elements can be virtually eliminated by using foam concrete as a material largely around the beams in the walls. Thus, the load on the wall can be increased several times, at the same time as the foam concrete provides a load-bearing surface layer, good heat and sound. . 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 3 8068274-6 in the form of building blocks, becomes very light due to the thin wall of the light beams and the low density of the foam concrete. The invention will be described in more detail in the following examples, claims and appended figures, wherein figure 1 shows a cut-through inner wall, figures 2 and 3 cut-out outer walls and figure 4 a basement outer wall. Figure 5 is a graph showing the relationship between density and thermal conductivity of foam concrete.

EXAMPLE 1, FIGURE 1: The inner walls of a smaller residential building were manufactured in such a way that a U-profile (9) bent of 0.6 mm sheet steel was attached to the ceiling and bottom to the floor, so that the flat surfaces of the life were laid against the ceiling and floor, respectively. 10. The internal distance between the flanges in the beam was 96 mm. At a distance of 600 mm from each other, vertically and inside the horizontal U-beams, 95 mm wide C-beams, 5, were placed with the webs, 11, perpendicular to the intended wall surfaces, 12, and riveted. "Necessary electrical conduits and boxes were put in place, after which a mold of molding strips, nail bolts and moldings was erected which enclosed the plane of the C-beams, 5, and so that a cavity of 95 mm width arose between opposing moldings. Foam concrete, 4, was manufactured by atomizing atomized air jets into a cement-water mixture added with a foaming agent, the aim being to obtain an easily flowing foam mixture which, after solidification, would have a density of about 500 kg / m 3. The foam mixture was introduced into the mold, and thereby that, above all, the foam concrete, 4, adhered well to the sheet metal surfaces of the standing beams, and after the foam mixture had burned, the wall was plastered and covered with wallpaper, 6.

EXAMPLE 2, FIGURE 2: The outer walls, 2, above the basement level in a small industrial premises should be constructed with a maximum heat transfer coefficient of 0.25 W / (m2 '° C). The wall frame would consist of foam concrete, 4, reinforced with cast-in-place light beams, 5, and the walls, 2, would be clad on the outside with rock panel, 13, of wood.

To achieve the required thermal insulation, the wall thickness of the foam concrete part, 4, was determined to be 300 mm and the foam concrete density to 350 kg / m. The relationship between the density of foam concrete and its thermal conductivity had previously been developed experimentally and is shown in the following Figure 5, where the density is plotted along the horizontal axis in kg / m3 and the thermal conductivity in W / (m'-OC) along the vertical axis of the diagram. The molding was done in the usual way with molding tape, nail bars and molding sheets. Due to the low density of the foam concrete, 4 in relation to concrete, the shaping could be done in a much simpler way. There is also no vibration of the foam concrete mixture.

In order to obtain the required strength properties of the outer wall, 2, partly against vertical loads, partly against wind pressure and other horizontal loads, light beams, 5, of 0.6 mm steel plate formed into C-beams, 10 15 20 25 30 35 l fl â flfl lvé 5. Total the width was 70 mm. The beams, 5, were placed standing with the webs, 11, perpendicular to the wall surfaces, 12, in two rows with a center distance of 1200 mm in each row. One row was placed along the outside of the wall, 2, to also serve as a nail batten for the outer panel, 13, and the other row along the inside to be able to directly form a support for roof trusses placed on top. The beams, 5, were placed in a zigzag, i.e. the distance from a beam, 5, in one row to its two nearest neighbors in the other row would be approximately equal. The purpose of this was to reduce the risk of cold bridges. After the required formwork for window and door openings had been made and the required electrical, heating and sanitary pipes had been installed in the wall, 2, foam concrete, 4, was filled and allowed to burn. When the molds were torn, the outside of the wall, 2, was clad. The inside, on the other hand, was clad after plastering only with board. Of course, no extra moisture barrier was required. with mountain panel, 13. tiles, 14, which were painted.

EXAMPLE 3, FIGURE 3: The outer walls of a small 2-storey multi-family house were to be built of building blocks, 15. The width of the building blocks, 15, was determined to fl l * L4m and the height was to be adjusted so that a building block, 15, covered the entire height from the basement wall to the roof. The heat transfer coefficient of the wall must not exceed 0.25 W / / (mg-DC). The outer panel would consist of a cover panel, 16. The inner walls would be covered with plasterboard, 17, which would then be wallpapered with woven wallpaper.

The building blocks, 15, were factory-made in foam concrete, 4, reinforced with vertical light beam, 5. The dimensions of the constituent elements had been taken from the previous example 2, as the conditions were similar. However, the vertical C-beams, 5, were placed in the same vertical plane towards the inside of the wall for several reasons, partly because the upper ends of the beams, 5, would serve as support for trusses, and partly because the outer flanges of the beams, 5, would serve both as brackets for roof and mezzanine floors and as nail brackets for gypsum boards, 17. In addition, they wanted to provide space for horizontal nail brackets, 7, for cover panels, 16.

The building blocks, 15, were transported from the factory to the construction site, erected and joined with joints. The last boards in the cover panel, 16, were mounted over the joints, and the joints between the gypsum boards, 17, were taped over.

EXAMPLE 4, Flgglíí: The outer walls, 3, in the basement of a detached house were to be erected on a horizontal concrete slab, 19. To facilitate the shaping and surface treatment of the walls, 3, wall molds of 3 mm steel plate were used.

In this case, the wall forms consisted of rectangular sheet metal cassettes, 18, 200 X 400 mm, which could be linked to wall surfaces on the inside and outside of the basement wall, 3, and which were intended to be later cast on the walls, 3, out and insider. 8 598984-'6 After the plywood cassettes, 18, had been assembled on plywood on the concrete plywood, 19, and the necessary support had been made, C-beams, 5, made of 0.6 mm standing sheet, with a width of 70 mm in the metal space meiian the outer and inner vertikaia wall- Horizontal distance meïian piåt cassette walls, 18, had been made Baïkarnas, 5, mutual distance in the row was 1200 mm, and the distance The meaning of the standing form pian. up to 250 mm. from the inner baffle to the wall molding was 15 mm. the baiks were of course mainly to strengthen the wall against vertical stresses, but also against the earth pressure.

Foam concrete is produced with a density of about 350 kg / m3. After the cavities were filled with foam concrete, 4, and this started to burn together, work could begin on the floor slabs and exterior walls.

Claims (4)

8098274-6 Patent claims: Wall frame (1, 2, 3) characterized by vertical lightweight beams (5) at a distance from each other, made of a maximum of 4.0 mm thick steel sheet and foam concrete (4) with a density of max 600 kg / m3 as surface and volume-forming agent, and that the foam concrete (4) is cast into the light beams (5) for buckling and rotation prevention purposes, so that at most one partial surface of the light beam (5) is free. ' A wall frame (1, 2, 3) according to claim 1, characterized in that a partial surface of the light beam (5) coincides with either outside of the wall. - Wall frame (1, 2, 3) according to claim 1, characterized in that the foam concrete (4) is enclosed between sheet metal cassettes (18) joined to flat, vertical surfaces which are cast in the foam concrete (4). Wall frame (1, 2, 3) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the life (11) of the light beams (5) is less than half the thickness of the wall frame (1, 2, 3) and that the light beams (5) are placed at a distance from each other of at least half the thickness of the wall frame (1, 2, 3).