SE433999B - Sjelvbegrensande elektrisk uppvermningsanordning och elektriskt motstandsmaterial - Google Patents
Sjelvbegrensande elektrisk uppvermningsanordning och elektriskt motstandsmaterialInfo
- Publication number
- SE433999B SE433999B SE8206442A SE8206442A SE433999B SE 433999 B SE433999 B SE 433999B SE 8206442 A SE8206442 A SE 8206442A SE 8206442 A SE8206442 A SE 8206442A SE 433999 B SE433999 B SE 433999B
- Authority
- SE
- Sweden
- Prior art keywords
- conductive
- heating device
- conductive material
- electrically
- electrical
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012765 fibrous filler Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008385 outer phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005586 carbonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 Aerosil (R) Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910002016 Aerosil® 200 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- HPEUJPJOZXNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl stearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC HPEUJPJOZXNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004959 Rilsan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000872198 Serjania polyphylla Species 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003020 cross-linked polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004703 cross-linked polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CAMHHLOGFDZBBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N epoxidized methyl oleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC1OC1CCCCCCCC(=O)OC CAMHHLOGFDZBBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
- H01C7/028—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient consisting of organic substances
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
- H05B3/56—Heating cables
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
Priority Applications (10)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE8206442A SE433999B (sv) | 1982-11-12 | 1982-11-12 | Sjelvbegrensande elektrisk uppvermningsanordning och elektriskt motstandsmaterial |
| EP83903611A EP0140893B1 (en) | 1982-11-12 | 1983-11-08 | Self-limiting heater and resistance material |
| DE8383903611T DE3378346D1 (en) | 1982-11-12 | 1983-11-08 | Self-limiting heater and resistance material |
| PCT/SE1983/000382 WO1984002048A1 (en) | 1982-11-12 | 1983-11-08 | Self-limiting heater and resistance material |
| JP83503580A JPS59502161A (ja) | 1982-11-12 | 1983-11-08 | 自己制御電気加熱装置 |
| US06/631,550 US4629869A (en) | 1982-11-12 | 1983-11-08 | Self-limiting heater and resistance material |
| AT83903611T ATE38306T1 (de) | 1982-11-12 | 1983-11-08 | Selbstbegrenzender erhitzer und widerstandsmaterial. |
| CA000440991A CA1207467A (en) | 1982-11-12 | 1983-11-10 | Self-regulating electrical heating device |
| NO842836A NO163430C (no) | 1982-11-12 | 1984-07-11 | Elektrisk motstandsmateriale med pct-egenskaper. |
| FI844891A FI80820C (fi) | 1982-11-12 | 1984-12-11 | Sjaelvreglerande elektrisk uppvaermningsanordning. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE8206442A SE433999B (sv) | 1982-11-12 | 1982-11-12 | Sjelvbegrensande elektrisk uppvermningsanordning och elektriskt motstandsmaterial |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SE8206442D0 SE8206442D0 (sv) | 1982-11-12 |
| SE8206442L SE8206442L (sv) | 1984-05-13 |
| SE433999B true SE433999B (sv) | 1984-06-25 |
Family
ID=20348565
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE8206442A SE433999B (sv) | 1982-11-12 | 1982-11-12 | Sjelvbegrensande elektrisk uppvermningsanordning och elektriskt motstandsmaterial |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4629869A (fi) |
| EP (1) | EP0140893B1 (fi) |
| JP (1) | JPS59502161A (fi) |
| CA (1) | CA1207467A (fi) |
| DE (1) | DE3378346D1 (fi) |
| FI (1) | FI80820C (fi) |
| SE (1) | SE433999B (fi) |
| WO (1) | WO1984002048A1 (fi) |
Families Citing this family (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5148005A (en) * | 1984-07-10 | 1992-09-15 | Raychem Corporation | Composite circuit protection devices |
| US5064997A (en) * | 1984-07-10 | 1991-11-12 | Raychem Corporation | Composite circuit protection devices |
| US5089688A (en) * | 1984-07-10 | 1992-02-18 | Raychem Corporation | Composite circuit protection devices |
| US4661687A (en) * | 1984-07-11 | 1987-04-28 | Raychem Corporation | Method and apparatus for converting a fluid tracing system into an electrical tracing system |
| JPS62131065A (ja) * | 1985-12-03 | 1987-06-13 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 高分子正温度特性組成物 |
| US4849611A (en) * | 1985-12-16 | 1989-07-18 | Raychem Corporation | Self-regulating heater employing reactive components |
| FR2603133B1 (fr) * | 1986-08-21 | 1990-04-06 | Electricite De France | Element chauffant autoregulant et son procede de preparation |
| JPH0777161B2 (ja) * | 1986-10-24 | 1995-08-16 | 日本メクトロン株式会社 | Ｐｔｃ組成物、その製造法およびｐｔｃ素子 |
| US4922083A (en) * | 1988-04-22 | 1990-05-01 | Thermon Manufacturing Company | Flexible, elongated positive temperature coefficient heating assembly and method |
| US5250226A (en) * | 1988-06-03 | 1993-10-05 | Raychem Corporation | Electrical devices comprising conductive polymers |
| US5925276A (en) * | 1989-09-08 | 1999-07-20 | Raychem Corporation | Conductive polymer device with fuse capable of arc suppression |
| US5045673A (en) * | 1990-04-04 | 1991-09-03 | General Signal Corporation | PTC devices and their composition |
| US5198639A (en) * | 1990-11-08 | 1993-03-30 | Smuckler Jack H | Self-regulating heated mirror and method of forming same |
| US5558794A (en) * | 1991-08-02 | 1996-09-24 | Jansens; Peter J. | Coaxial heating cable with ground shield |
| US5749118A (en) * | 1993-02-05 | 1998-05-12 | Holland; Dewey T. | Heated wiper blade |
| US5556576A (en) * | 1995-09-22 | 1996-09-17 | Kim; Yong C. | Method for producing conductive polymeric coatings with positive temperature coefficients of resistivity and articles made therefrom |
| DE10325517A1 (de) * | 2003-06-05 | 2004-12-23 | Hew-Kabel/Cdt Gmbh & Co. Kg | Elektrische Heizleitung oder Heizband |
| US20050167134A1 (en) * | 2004-02-02 | 2005-08-04 | Philippe Charron | Heating cable substantially free from electromagnetic field |
| US20080000039A1 (en) * | 2006-06-28 | 2008-01-03 | Eugene Higgs | Heated Wiper Assembly |
| CA2675533C (en) * | 2007-01-22 | 2013-09-24 | Panasonic Corporation | Sheet heating element |
| US11006484B2 (en) | 2016-05-10 | 2021-05-11 | Nvent Services Gmbh | Shielded fluoropolymer wire for high temperature skin effect trace heating |
| CN109416145A (zh) | 2016-05-10 | 2019-03-01 | 恩文特服务有限责任公司 | 用于高电压集肤效应追踪加热的屏蔽的导线 |
| DE102019132997A1 (de) * | 2019-12-04 | 2021-06-10 | Eichenauer Heizelemente Gmbh & Co. Kg | Behälterheizung |
| DE102021213401A1 (de) * | 2021-11-09 | 2023-05-11 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Wischblatt, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug |
| US11904815B1 (en) | 2022-11-17 | 2024-02-20 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Wiper blade, in particular for a motor vehicle |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE85642C1 (fi) * | ||||
| CH181635A (de) * | 1933-11-25 | 1935-12-31 | Rca Corp | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrischen Widerstandsmaterials. |
| GB675752A (en) * | 1947-11-24 | 1952-07-16 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Improvements in or relating to electrical resistors |
| US3243753A (en) * | 1962-11-13 | 1966-03-29 | Kohler Fred | Resistance element |
| US3673121A (en) * | 1970-01-27 | 1972-06-27 | Texas Instruments Inc | Process for making conductive polymers and resulting compositions |
| US4188276A (en) * | 1975-08-04 | 1980-02-12 | Raychem Corporation | Voltage stable positive temperature coefficient of resistance crosslinked compositions |
| US4388607A (en) * | 1976-12-16 | 1983-06-14 | Raychem Corporation | Conductive polymer compositions, and to devices comprising such compositions |
| US4200973A (en) * | 1978-08-10 | 1980-05-06 | Samuel Moore And Company | Method of making self-temperature regulating electrical heating cable |
| US4304987A (en) * | 1978-09-18 | 1981-12-08 | Raychem Corporation | Electrical devices comprising conductive polymer compositions |
-
1982
- 1982-11-12 SE SE8206442A patent/SE433999B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1983
- 1983-11-08 US US06/631,550 patent/US4629869A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1983-11-08 EP EP83903611A patent/EP0140893B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-11-08 JP JP83503580A patent/JPS59502161A/ja active Pending
- 1983-11-08 DE DE8383903611T patent/DE3378346D1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-11-08 WO PCT/SE1983/000382 patent/WO1984002048A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1983-11-10 CA CA000440991A patent/CA1207467A/en not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-12-11 FI FI844891A patent/FI80820C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3378346D1 (en) | 1988-12-01 |
| EP0140893B1 (en) | 1988-10-26 |
| CA1207467A (en) | 1986-07-08 |
| FI844891L (fi) | 1984-12-11 |
| US4629869A (en) | 1986-12-16 |
| SE8206442D0 (sv) | 1982-11-12 |
| FI80820C (fi) | 1990-07-10 |
| FI844891A0 (fi) | 1984-12-11 |
| WO1984002048A1 (en) | 1984-05-24 |
| JPS59502161A (ja) | 1984-12-27 |
| FI80820B (fi) | 1990-03-30 |
| SE8206442L (sv) | 1984-05-13 |
| EP0140893A1 (en) | 1985-05-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| NUG | Patent has lapsed |
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