SE122787C1

SE122787C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE122787C1
Application number: SE343445A
Authority: SE
Priority date: 1945-04-27
Filing date: 1945-04-27
Publication date: 1948-09-21

Description

KLASS 24 a:16 BESKRIVNING OFFENTLIGG3ORD AV KUNGL. PATENT- OCH REGISTRERINGSVERKET BEVIDAT DEN 22 JULI 1948 PATENTTID FRAN DEN 27 APRIL 1945 PUBLICERAT DEN 21 SEPTEMBER 1948 Ans. den 'V, 1945, nr 3434/1945. Hartill en ritning. CLASS 24 a: 16 DESCRIPTION PUBLIC WORD BY KUNGL. PATENT AND REGISTRATION AGENCY GRANTED ON 22 JULY 1948 PATENT PERIOD FROM 27 APRIL 1945 PUBLISHED ON 21 SEPTEMBER 1948 Ans. den 'V, 1945, No. 3434/1945. In addition, a drawing.

D. H. DAHLSTRAND, APPELVIKEN. D. H. DAHLSTRAND, APPELVIKEN.

Anordning, vid eldstader utan rost och med tryeklufttillforsel. Device, for fireplaces without rust and with compressed air supply.

Eldstader utan rost och med intermittent trycklufttillforsel, vilka eldas med smastyckiga eller finkorniga branslen, uppvisa brister tvenne vasentliga avseenden. Dels bildas och samlas ofta aska i eldstadens botten, dar den pa grand av for lag temperatur icke smaltes till slagg, vilket ãr en forutsattning for ekonomisk och rational' drift, dels orsakas genom den intermittenta driften olagenheter, som kunna yttra sig i gaspuffar, gasforgiftningar och explosioner. Fireplaces without rust and with intermittent compressed air supply, which are fired with tasty or fine-grained industries, have shortcomings two essential respects. On the one hand, ash is often formed and accumulated in the bottom of the fireplace, where it was not melted into slag due to low temperatures, which is a prerequisite for economic and rational operation, and on the other hand, intermittent operation causes malfunctions, which can manifest themselves in gas puffs, gas poisoning. and explosions.

I eldstader av ifra.gavarande slag tillfores fyren i allmanhet nedatriktad primarluft under tryck genom kanaler, som utmynna i eldstadens sidovaggar. Vid eldningsarskilt rued styhbhaltiga, gasfattiga branslen — har det befunnits att lufttillforseln vid eldstadens botten, &ix de smarre branslepartiklarna foretradesvis samlas, Sr otillracklig, for att forbranningstemperaturen skall bli sa hog, att askan darstades smalter och bildar slagg. Det med aska blandade finkorniga brnslet erbjuder stort motstand mot luftens passage, och da den vid eldstadens sidopartier tillforda primarluften foljer minsta motstandets lag, skiker den sig foretradesvis genom de stallen av bransleskiktet, dar dettas tjocklek Sr minst. Vid eldstader med vattenkyld botten bidrager dessutom varmeoverforingen frail fyren till kylvattnet till att nedsatta temperaturen i eldstadens batten. Kvantiteten av den namnda blandningen av aska och finkornigt bransle okas successivt saint nedsatter eldstadens kapacitet och maste darfor mer eller mindre regelbundet avlagsnas. Detta kan icke ske, utan att bransle medfoljer, varfOr forlusterna av oforbrant bransle bli ganska betydande, vilket avsevart kan nedsatta eldstadens ekonomi. Den intermittenta driften innebar att tryckluft tillfores periodvis, t. ex. efter impulser fran ett temperaturkansligt organ, sasom en termostat, monostat eller dylikt, som omvaxlande bryter och sluter strommen till flaktmotorn. Under stillestandsperioder med varierande varaktighet (dft ingen tryckluft tillfores), falnar branslebadden pa ytan, medan gliidande bransle inuti fyren kan halla fyren vid liv under flera timmar utan trycklufttillforsel. Under sadana stillestandsperioder kunna stockningar uppsta i skorstenen och rokkanalerna till foljd av den ringa rokgashastigheten och skorstenens med avtagande tempera tur reducerade dragstyrka. Vid idriftsattning och haftig trycklufttillforsel kan i sadant fall — intill dess skorstenen fungerar normidtovertryck bildas i eldsta- den och efterf5ljande rokkanaler, med phfoljd att gaser uttranga i pannrummet genom eldstaden, pannan eller rokkanalerna och genom skorstenen omgivande kanaler, om skorstenen icke Sr fullt tat. Vid idriftsattningen. efter en stillestandsperiod kan ibland fyren ha falnat i sadan utstrackning, att temperaturen forst efter en stund stiger i tillraeklig grad, for att de alstrade, brannbara gaserna skola antandas. Innan sa skett, arbetar eldstaden som en gasgenerator. Eldstad, ragaskanaler och skorsten kunna dO. fyllas med lattantandlig gas, som genom en laga fran fyren eller sjalvantandning pl8tsligt fattar eld med explosion som foljd. I bada fallen kunna gasfOrgiftningar intraffa med mer eller mindre svara foljder. In fireplaces of the type in question, the lighthouse is generally supplied with downward-directed primary air under pressure through ducts, which result in fireplace side cradles. In case of fire sign It has been found that the air supply at the bottom of the fireplace, & ix the smart fuel particles are preferably collected, Sr insufficient, for the combustion temperature to be so high that the ash darstades melts and forms slag. The fine-grained fuel mixed with ash offers great resistance to the passage of air, and since the primary air supplied at the side portions of the fireplace follows the law of least resistance, it preferably passes through the stables of the fuel layer where its thickness is least. In fireplaces with a water-cooled bottom, the heat transfer from the lighthouse to the cooling water also contributes to lowering the temperature in the fireplace's bath. The quantity of the said mixture of ash and fine-grained fuel is gradually increased, which reduces the capacity of the fireplace and must therefore be more or less regularly deposited. This can not be done without fuel, which is why the losses of unburned fuel become quite significant, which can significantly reduce the fireplace's economy. The intermittent operation meant that compressed air was supplied periodically, e.g. after impulses from a temperature-sensing member, such as a thermostat, monostat or the like, which alternately breaks and closes the current to the flat motor. During downtime periods of varying duration (no compressed air is supplied), the fuel pool falls on the surface, while sliding fuel inside the lighthouse can keep the lighthouse alive for several hours without a supply of compressed air. During such periods of standstill, congestion can occur in the chimney and flue ducts as a result of the low flue gas velocity and the reduced tensile strength of the chimney with decreasing temperature. During commissioning and heavy compressed air supply can in such a case - next to it the chimney standard overpressure is formed in the fireplace the and subsequent flue ducts, with the result that gases are expelled in the boiler room through the fireplace, boiler or flue ducts and through the chimney surrounding ducts, if the chimney is not fully filled. During commissioning. after a period of inactivity, the lighthouse may sometimes have fallen to such an extent that the temperature only rises to a sufficient degree after a while for the generated, combustible gases to ignite. Before that happens, the fireplace works like a gas generator. Fireplace, ragas canals and chimney can dO. filled with latte-igniting gas, which by a law from the lighthouse or self-ignition suddenly catches fire with explosion as a result. In both cases, gas poisoning can occur with more or less severe consequences.

Foreliggande uppfinning avser att rada bat for ovannamnda olagenheter. Enligt uppfinningen aro darfor - fOrutom dessa kanaler far nedatriktad trycklufttillforsel — en eller flera for uppatriktad trycklufttillforsel anordnade dyser anbragta ph enstaka stallen av en vattenkyld del av eldstadens botten nedanfkir de namnda kanalerna och sa nara dessa, att luftstrommarna fran kanalerna och fran dyserna korsa och intimt blandas med varandra. Genom denna dys eller dessa dyser tillfores bitten det ovanfor befintliga branslet utan risk for igensattning genom aska, slagg eller bransle. Dyserna kylas lampligen av eldstadens vattenmantlade batten och aro clarf5r bestandiga vid forekommande temperaturer. Genom att dyserna goras reglerbara, kan vid varje tillfalle onskad luftkvantitet tillforas oliga stallen av eldstadens botten. Beroende pa eldstadens storlek och utformning kan ett storm eller mindre antal dylika 2— -- dyser komma till anvandning och stir via en luftfordelningslada i forbindelse med ett flaktaggregat, som levererar tryckluft till dyserna. Detta flaktaggregat kan vara gemensamt ftir tillfOrsel av sival den uppatriktade som den nedatriktade luften, men man kan aven for sistnamnda andamal anordna ett separat tr2,-ckluf taggregat. The present invention is intended to provide a guide to the aforementioned disadvantages. According to the invention, therefore - in addition to these ducts receiving downwardly directed compressed air supply - one or more nozzles arranged for upwardly directed compressed air supply are arranged in individual stalls of a water-cooled part of the fireplace bottom below the said ducts and mixed with each other. Through this nozzle or these nozzles, the bit is fed to the existing branch without risk of clogging by ash, slag or bran. The nozzles are suitably cooled by the fireplace's water jacketed bat and are clearly resistant to occurring temperatures. By making the nozzles adjustable, the desired quantity of air can be supplied to the various stables from the bottom of the fireplace in each case. Depending on the size and design of the fireplace, a storm or a small number of such 2— - nozzles come into use and stir via an air distribution barn in connection with a flattening unit, which delivers compressed air to the nozzles. This flattening unit can be common for the supply of both the upwardly directed and the downwardly directed air, but it is also possible for the latter purpose to arrange a separate tr2, -cluf unit.

Den uppatriktade lufttillfOrseln genom bottendyserna intensifierar forbranningen, si att temperaturen okas och askan i eldstadens botten smatter saint bildar slaggkakor, som latt kunna avlagsnas. Dessutom okas eldstadens kapacitet och forbranningen beframjas tack vare den virvelbildning, som uppstar, da den uppatriktade och den nedatriktade luften motas. En eller ett mindre ant al av battendyserna kunna tillforas tryckluft aven under ovannamnda stillestandsperioder, antingen medelst en separat mindre flakt eller pa. annat satt. Harigenom vinnes den fordelen, att alltid en mindre del av eldstaden är i drift. I detta avseende kan bottendysernas funktion jamstallas med evighetslagor eller tandlagor, vilka ha till uppgift dels att fOrhindra, att riikgashastigheten i rokkanaler och skorsten sjunker till kritiskt varde och dels att antanda gaser, som alstras saval under stillestandsperioder som efter idriftsattning. 'Mer eller mindre stillasthende brannbara gaser undvikas, och den vid idriftsattning bildade generatorgasen antandes utan drojsmal och kan icke fororsaka explosioner eller dylikt. Dysen dr vidare lampligen anbragt i narheten av eldstadsbottnens lagsta niva, och dess rnynning ligger foretradesvis i samma eller nastan sarnma plan som den omgivande bottenytan fOr att dysen icke med nagra narrinvarda overskjutande partier shall hindra utrakning av aska och andra branslerester ur eldstaden. Med fOrdel bildas dysen av ett ror, i vilket en bult med skalle är sä anbragt, att luften kan utstromma genom den mellan rorets mynning och skallen bildade ringformiga slitsen. Denna slits kan &as reglerbar till sin storlek, genom att bulten med skallen rores i axiell led. Ej hailer bultskallen bor med nagra namnvarda partier skjuta upp Over den omgivande ytan av eldstadsbottnen. The upward air supply through the bottom nozzles intensifies the combustion, so that the temperature rises and the ash in the bottom of the fireplace smashes, forming slag cakes, which can be easily removed. In addition, the capacity of the fireplace is increased and the combustion is promoted thanks to the vortex formation that arises when the upward and downward air are met. One or a smaller number of the bat nozzles can be supplied with compressed air even during the above-mentioned standstill periods, either by means of a separate smaller flake or on. else true. This gives the advantage that a smaller part of the fireplace is always in operation. In this respect, the function of the bottom nozzles can be equated with perpetual layers or tooth layers, which have the task partly to prevent the rich gas velocity in the flue ducts and chimney drops to a critical value and partly to ignite gases, which are generated during downtime and after commissioning. More or less stationary combustible gases are avoided, and the generator gas formed during commissioning ignites without drooling and can not cause explosions or the like. Furthermore, the nozzle is suitably located near the lowest level of the fireplace bottom, and its curvature is preferably in the same or almost the same plane as the surrounding bottom surface so that the nozzle with no excess excess parts will prevent the removal of ash and other industry residues from the fireplace. Advantageously, the nozzle is formed by a tube, in which a bolt with a skull is arranged so that the air can flow out through the annular slot formed between the mouth of the tube and the skull. This slot can be adjusted to its size by moving the bolt with the skull in the axial direction. Do not hail the bolt shell lives with some notable parts protruding above the surrounding surface of the fireplace bottom.

Ph bifogade ritning visas en utforingsform av uppfinningen sasom exempel. Fig. 1 askadlig& en tvarsektion av det nedre partiet av eldstaden och fig. 2 en partiell langdsektion. Fig. 3 visar en vertikalsektion av en dys i storre skala. Fig. 4 visar en del av eldstaden i plan. The accompanying drawing shows an embodiment of the invention as an example. Fig. 1 is ashless & a cross section of the lower part of the fireplace and Fig. 2 a partial longitudinal section. Fig. 3 shows a vertical section of a nozzle on a larger scale. Fig. 4 shows a part of the fireplace in plan.

Eldstaden bestar foretradesvis av ett med vattenmantel 1 forsett rum till vilket brans-let tillfores Iran en lamplig, ej visad, ficka eller dylikt. Branslet rasar nedat i det exempelvis huvudsakligen cylindriskt formade rum-met 2 ned till eldstadens botten 3. Primarluft tillfores under tryck genom en eller flera kanaler 4, som aro sh anbragta, att tryckluften strommar neat i det utanfor kanalerna be fintliga branslet. Genorn att kanalernas 4 mynningar luta nedat, uppstar en branslerasyta pa nagot a-vstand utanfor mynningarna. Kanalerna 4 kunna besta av flera, langs eldstadens langdriktning fordelade, separata kanaler, i likhet med vad som beskrives i paten-let or 106 252, men fOreliggande uppfinning är ej begransad hartill. En luftlada 7 kan anordnas for att fordela tryckluften ph de olika kanalerna. The fireplace preferably consists of a room provided with a water jacket 1 to which the industry is supplied with a suitable, not shown, pocket or the like to Iran. The fuel collapses downwards in, for example, the substantially cylindrically shaped space 2 down to the bottom of the fireplace. Primary air is supplied under pressure through one or more ducts 4, which are arranged so that the compressed air does not flow into the outside ducts. fine industry. Due to the fact that the 4 mouths of the canals slope downwards, an industrial clay surface arises at some distance outside the mouths. The ducts 4 may consist of several separate ducts distributed along the longitudinal direction of the fireplace, similar to what is described in the patent 1062, but the present invention is not limited thereto. An air charge 7 can be arranged to distribute the compressed air ph the different ducts.

I eldstadens botten 3 är ett antal dyser 6 for uppatriktad tryckluft anordnade, lampligen i radar nara bottnens lagsta parti, sasom visas i fig. 2. Dessa dyser sta. i fOrbindelse med en luftlada 7, vilken matas med tryckluft. Anordningen kan vara sh utfOrd, att tryckluften kan tillforas .dyserna 6 oberoende av trycklufttillforseln till kanalerna 4. Tryckluften till dyserna 6 kan salunda t. ex. ske under stillestandsperioderna, dO. ingen tryckluft tillfores kanalerna 4. Dyserna kunna emellertid awn, erhalla tryckluft samtidigt med kanalerna 4, varigenom de ovan angivna fiirdelarna uppnas. Dyserna 6 anordnas lampligen mom det ornriide av bottnen 3, som begransas av vertikalplanen 8 (fig. 1) genom kanalernas 4 yttre kanter. Eventuellt kunna de enskilda dyserna resp. dysraderna vara avstangbara eller reglerbara var for sig, frau eldstadens utsida, i och for mojliggorande av olika lufttillforsel i olika delar av eldstaden. In the bottom 3 of the fireplace a number of nozzles 6 for upward compressed air are arranged, suitably in radar near the lowest part of the bottom, as shown in Fig. 2. These nozzles stand. in connection with an air charge 7, which is supplied with compressed air. The device can be designed so that the compressed air can be supplied to the nozzles 6 independently of the supply of compressed air to the ducts 4. The compressed air to the nozzles 6 can thus e.g. occur during the downtime periods, dO. no compressed air is supplied to the ducts 4. The nozzles can, however, receive compressed air at the same time as the ducts 4, whereby the above-mentioned advantages are achieved. The nozzles 6 are suitably arranged below the edge of the bottom 3, which is delimited by the vertical plane 8 (Fig. 1) through the outer edges of the channels 4. Possibly the individual nozzles resp. the nozzle rows can be shut-off or adjustable separately, from the outside of the fireplace, in order to enable different air supplies in different parts of the fireplace.

Fig. 3 visar sasom exempel ett utforande av en dys 6. Enligt denna utforingsform be-star dysen av ett rot. 9, soin strAcker sig genom vatteninanteln 1 och nedtill kommunicerar med luftladan 7. I riiret ar en bolt eller spindel 10 anbragt, forsedd med skalle 11, exempelvis en konisk sa.dan. Mellon skallen 11 och rorets 9 mynning bildas en ringformig spalt 12, -ears storlek kan regleras genom att bulten 10 hOjes eller sankes genom att skruvas uppat eller nedat mot en smal bygel 13, som naturligtvis ar sO. utfOrd, att den medger luften att inkomma I roret. Bulten kan vara forsedd med styrskenor 14. Roret 9 och skallen 11 bar endast obetydligt (eller icke ails) skjuta ovanfor bottnens 3 onigivande yta. En svetsfog 15 som eventuellt anvandes for rorets infiistning, kan Tara sa utford, att jamn anslutning mellan bottenytan 3 och rorets 9 kant erhalles. Harigenom underlattas rakningsarbete och dylikt. Fig. 3 shows, as an example, an embodiment of a nozzle 6. According to this embodiment, the nozzle consists of a root. 9, which extends through the water inlet 1 and at the bottom communicates with the air barn 7. In the tube a bolt or spindle 10 is arranged, provided with a skull 11, for example a conical saddle. Between the skull 11 and the mouth of the tube 9 an annular gap 12 is formed, the size of which can be adjusted by raising or lowering the bolt 10 by screwing it up or down against a narrow bracket 13, which is of course s0. utfOrd, that it allows the air to enter the rudder. The bolt may be provided with guide rails 14. The rudder 9 and the head 11 should only insignificantly (or not ails) project above the unobstructed surface of the bottom 3. A welding joint 15 which may be used for the attachment of the rudder, Tara can thus challenge, that an even connection between the bottom surface 3 and the edge of the rudder 9 is obtained. This facilitates shaving work and the like.

Partiklar, som eventuellt falla ned genom den cirkulara springan 12 mellan bultskallen 11 och roret 9, kunna icke igensatta dysen, da genomloppsarean iikas tack vare bultskallens koniska form. Namnda partiklar passera darfor genom dysen till luftladan 7, som Ar forsedd med renslucka. Genom att man for en raka eller liknande Over dysens utloppsmynning, avlagsnas latt och effektivt slagg, som eventuellt bildats vid namnda mynning. Particles which may fall down through the circular gap 12 between the bolt head 11 and the rudder 9 may not clog the nozzle, as the passage area is equalized due to the conical shape of the bolt head. Said particles therefore pass through the nozzle to the air barn 7, which is provided with a cleaning hatch. By passing a straight or similar Over nozzle outlet mouth, easily and efficiently slag is removed, which may have formed at the said mouth.

Uppfinningen Ar icke begransad till den nu visade och beskrivna utforingsformen utan — t22787 —3 kan pa olika satt modifieras, utan att uppfinningstanken Iran*. Eldstaden kan awn vara utbildad sasom panna eller forugn.. The invention is not limited to the embodiment now shown and described, but - t22787 —3 can be modified in various ways, without the inventive idea Iran *. The fireplace can awn be trained as a boiler or oven ..

Claims

Patent claim:

1. Device yid fireplaces without rust with the supply of it. the main part combustion air in the form of downwardly directed compressed air by means of several separate ducts, distributed along the longitudinal direction of the fireplace, can be drawn, in addition to one or more nozzles (6) arranged for upward compressed air supply named the ducts and so close to them that the air streams from the ducts (4) and from the nozzles cross and are intimately mixed with each other.

Device according to patent claim 1, Unsubscribed from the fact that the compressed air supply to the ducts and the nozzles takes place through separate, separately detachable lines or distribution wires. Stockholm 1918. ung1. Boktr. 1 '. A. Norden & Stkker 480089