RU89801U1 - SOIL PROCESSING TOOLS (OPTIONS) AND WORKING BODY FOR SOIL TREATMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A tillage implement having a frame and associated batteries containing truncated cone-shaped working bodies rotatably mounted, wherein the front and rear batteries of the working bodies are located to the right and left of the longitudinal axis of the implement so that the working bodies of the right front and the left rear batteries are located at acute positive angles to the direction of movement, and the left front and right rear batteries are located at acute negative angles to the direction of movement, and the working bodies are made in in the form of rings with knitting needles. ! 2. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the working bodies of the rear batteries are located with large bases to the longitudinal axis of the gun, and the working bodies of the front batteries are located to this axis with smaller bases. ! 3. A tillage implement having a frame and associated batteries, containing working bodies in the form of truncated cones, mounted for rotation, while the front and rear batteries of the working bodies are located to the right and left of the longitudinal axis of the implement, and the working bodies are made in the form of rings with spokes, and the batteries are placed so that the working bodies of the right front and left rear batteries are located at sharp negative angles to the direction of movement, and the left front and right rear batteries are located under the sharp floor zhitelnymi angles to the direction of motion. ! 4. The tool according to claim 3, characterized in that the working bodies of the front batteries are located with large bases to the longitudinal axis of the gun, and the working bodies of the rear batteries are located to this axis with smaller bases. ! 5. The working body for tillage, including

Description

Utility models relate to agricultural machinery and can be used in tools for loosening the upper and compaction of the underlying soil layers, leveling its surface and destroying weeds.

Known tillage tool, that is, an annular harrow (Journal "Agriculture" - 2003, No. 1, p. 35). This gun has a frame and associated front and rear batteries. Each battery contains working bodies in the form of rings of rods of circular cross section. The working bodies of the front battery are located at an acute negative angle to the direction of movement, and the rear battery at an acute positive angle. In other words, relative to the direction of the gun’s movement, the working bodies in the front battery are turned (by their planes) by an acute angle clockwise, and vice versa in the rear battery.

The disadvantages of the analog weapon are: firstly, the instability of movement in the horizontal plane; secondly, the low deepening ability of its working bodies and, as a result, poor-quality work on compacted backgrounds; thirdly, the insufficient ability to extract weeds from the soil. The first drawback is due to the indicated one-sided arrangement of the batteries, and the second and third drawbacks are the consequences of the circular cross section of the working rings in each battery.

The closest analogue (prototype) of the claimed utility models is a tillage implement (SU 1393328 A1, publ. 05/07/1988, bull. No. 17). It has a frame and associated batteries. Each battery contains working bodies in the form of truncated cones, mounted for rotation. The front and rear batteries of the working bodies are located to the right and left of the central longitudinal (further - longitudinal) axis of the gun. In the right front and left rear batteries, the working bodies are located at acute positive angles to the direction of movement, and in the left front and right rear batteries at acute negative angles. The working bodies in each battery are flat solid disks with flanges, having the shape of truncated cones (in a plan view). Moreover, the working bodies in all batteries are located with smaller bases to the longitudinal axis of the gun.

The disadvantages of the prototype tool are: increased resistance to movement of the batteries of the working bodies, the absence of active separation of the soil by the working bodies, which increases the presence of dust particles on the soil surface, that is, increases the risk of its water and wind erosion, and also reduces the ability to extract weeds to the soil surface. The main reason for the noted shortcomings is the above-mentioned disk working bodies, which do not allow the passage of soil through them.

The task of the first and second utility models (implement options) is to reduce the shortcomings noted in the prototype gun by creating conditions for the passage of soil through its working bodies.

This problem is solved by two useful models-options.

The tillage implement according to the first embodiment, like its prototype, has a frame and batteries associated with it, containing working bodies in the form of truncated cones, mounted for rotation. The front and rear batteries of the working bodies are located to the right and left of the longitudinal axis of the gun so that the working bodies of the right front and left rear batteries are located at sharp positive angles to the direction of movement, and the left front and right rear batteries are located at sharp negative angles to the direction of movement . Unlike the prototype, the working bodies are made in the form of rings (rims in the form of truncated cones) with knitting needles.

This embodiment of the working bodies ensures the presence of windows between the spokes of the rings. During the work of the gun, the main part of the soil passes through these windows and is separated, separated by rotating rings embedded in it in the form of truncated cones. In other words, the aforementioned new set of essential features of the gun according to the first embodiment in all cases of its implementation provides the conditions (the mentioned windows) for the soil to pass through the working bodies, that is, it implements the technical result indicated in the utility model-options task.

In special cases of the implementation of the gun according to the first embodiment, the working bodies of the rear batteries are located with large bases to the longitudinal axis of the gun, and the working bodies of the front batteries are located with respect to this axis with smaller bases. This increases the deepening ability of these working bodies, which improves the work of tools on compacted soils and increases the efficiency of weed control.

The tillage implement according to the second embodiment, like its prototype, has a frame and batteries associated with it, containing working bodies in the form of truncated cones, mounted for rotation. The front and rear batteries of the working bodies are located to the right and left of the longitudinal axis of the gun. Unlike the prototype, the working bodies are made in the form of rings with knitting needles. The batteries are placed so that the working bodies of the right front and left rear batteries are located at sharp negative angles to the direction of movement, and the left front and right rear batteries are located at sharp positive angles to the direction of movement.

This new set of essential features of the gun according to the second variant in all cases of its implementation provides the conditions for the soil to pass through the working bodies, that is, as in the first variant, it implements the technical result indicated in the above utility models problem. The specified new arrangement of batteries of the working bodies provides an additional technical result - the possibility of a more compact, in the longitudinal direction, implementation of the gun. This can be important, for example, when the gun has a special four-wheel drive and working bodies with a common axis of rotation in each battery.

In special cases of the implementation of the guns according to the second embodiment, the working bodies of the front batteries are located with large bases to the longitudinal axis of the gun, and the working bodies of the rear batteries are located to this axis with smaller bases. This, as in the first version of the tool, increases the deepening ability of these working bodies and - the effectiveness of the destruction of weeds.

To improve the quality of the tool and more effective destruction of weeds, a new working body has been developed, which is the third useful model. In relation to the implement options, it is part of the whole in the patented group of utility models.

Known working body for tillage, used in the batteries of the above-mentioned annular harrow (journal "Agriculture" - 2003, No. 1, p. 35). This working body is a ring with knitting needles made of a round bar. The ring is mounted rotatably and is located, on its plane, at an acute angle to the direction of movement.

This analogue working body with a circular cross section of its ring has insufficient ability to penetrate the soil and destroy weeds, which reduces the quality of its work on compacted backgrounds.

The closest analogue (prototype) of the claimed device is a working body for tillage, included in the batteries of the tillage roller (SU 1496650, A1, 07/30/1989). The working bodies of the batteries of this roller are made in the form of rings having the shape of a truncated cone. The conical rings are connected by means of spokes to the axis of the battery. Each ring in the battery is installed at an acute, in particular positive, angle to the direction of movement and is directed forward by a smaller base.

The disadvantage of the working body of the prototype is poor-quality work without preliminary tillage, since the working bodies of the rollers, when installed in the battery, are not deep enough in the soil. In this case, the process of leveling the soil and extracting weeds on its surface (combing) is disrupted.

The objective of the third utility model is to increase the efficiency of weed control and soil cultivation by achieving a technical result: increasing the depth of the ring and destroying weeds mainly by tearing.

This problem is solved in that the claimed working body for tillage, as well as its prototype, includes a ring in the shape of a truncated cone located at an acute angle to the direction of movement and spokes attached to it to connect the ring to the hub or axis. Unlike the prototype, the larger base of the ring is directed forward in the direction of travel and has a working edge 6–12 mm thick, the surface of which is tilted outward from the plane of the larger base.

Due to the fact that the larger base of the conical ring is located at an acute angle to the direction of movement, and has a working edge 6–12 mm thick, the surface of which is tilted outward from the plane of the larger base, a compacted soil wedge is formed on it when the ring moves. Loosening of the soil layer and the effect on weeds is carried out by a compacted soil wedge. The lower base of the soil wedge is deviated from the absolute velocity vector of the points of the edge of the ring and always provides a positive clearance angle. At the same time, the soil reaction pushing the ring is reduced, which contributes to deepening.

A soil wedge with a higher coefficient of friction also prevents weeds from sliding along the working edge of the ring. In this case, the force acting on the weed increases, and since the soil wedge is not able to cut the weed, in this case, weed cutting is not carried out. With an edge thickness of less than 6 mm, a soil wedge practically does not form. In this case, the weed is directly affected by the working body, which has a lower coefficient of friction, which reduces the effect of pulling out the weeds. When the thickness of the working edge is more than 12 mm, soil loading by the ring increases and the traction resistance of the working body is significantly increased.

Therefore, the above-mentioned new set of essential features of the claimed working body in all cases of its implementation ensures the achievement of the technical result noted in the task of the third utility model.

In special cases, the implementation of the claimed working body, the surface of the working edge is tilted at an angle equal to or greater than 20 degrees. The specified limit of this angle provides the most rational depth of soil wedge formation on the working edge of the ring, which is important for increasing the efficiency of weed control.

Utility models are illustrated by drawings:

Figure 1 - gun according to the first embodiment, a top view, diagram, example; figure 2 - gun according to the second embodiment, a top view, diagram, example; figure 3 - working body for tillage according to the third utility model, a top view, with a local section; figure 4 is the same, view A of figure 3; 5 is a diagram of the movement of the ring along a curved path, explaining the formation of a soil wedge on its working edge; 6 is a dependence of the angle of inclination of the working edge of the ring from a given depth of formation of the soil wedge.

In the drawings, the following position designations are adopted:

1 - gun frame; 2-5 - batteries of the working bodies; 6-9 - working bodies in these batteries; 10 - the longitudinal axis of the gun; 11 - a conical ring; 12 - a spoke; 13 - a nave or an axis; 14 - working edge of the ring; 15 - compacted soil wedge; 16 and 17 - the outer and inner surfaces of the ring of the working body.

Tillage tool for each option (figure 1, 2) has a frame 1 with a connecting: mounted or trailed device and other necessary elements (not shown). Batteries 2-5 are connected to frame 1. They contain working bodies 6-9, located remotely from each other and installed with the possibility of rotation. In these examples (FIGS. 1, 2), the working bodies 6–9 in each of the batteries 2–5 are fixed on a common axis having bearing bearings (not shown) connected to the gun frame 1. The working bodies 6-9, in a plan view, have the shape of truncated cones (Figs. 1-3) and are made in the form of conical rings with knitting needles. The space between the ring and the spokes of each of them (figure 4) form a window for the passage of soil, which is not in the working body of the prototype gun. Front 2, 3 and rear 4, 5 batteries of the working bodies 6, 7 and 8, 9 are placed to the right and left of the longitudinal axis 10 of each gun (Fig. 1, 2).

Options guns differ from each other by the placement of batteries 2-5 and the orientation of the working bodies 6-9 relative to the axis 10. In the gun according to the first embodiment (figure 1), the working bodies 6, 9 of the right front 2 and left rear 5 batteries are located at sharp positive angles α to the direction of movement, that is, to a line parallel to the longitudinal axis 10 or direction V of the rectilinear movement of the gun. In this case, the working bodies 7 and 8 of the left front 3 and right rear 4 batteries are located at sharp negative angles -α to the direction of movement (Fig. 1).

In the gun according to the second embodiment (figure 2), the working bodies 6 and 9 of the right front 2 and left rear 5 batteries are located at sharp negative angles -α to the direction of movement. The working bodies 7 and 8 of the left front 3 and right rear 4 batteries are located at acute positive angles α to the direction of movement.

In most cases, when a higher deepening ability of the working bodies and (or) a more effective destruction of weeds with combing them out, mainly by pulling, the most rational for patented (Figs. 1, 2) and other tools is required, the working body according to the third utility model ( Fig.3-5).

In these examples (Figs. 1, 2), the gun for each option is equipped with batteries 2-5 with working bodies 6-9 made according to the third utility model (Figs. 3-5). Moreover, to obtain the above technical result, such working bodies (their rings) are located as follows.

In the gun according to the first embodiment (Fig. 1), the working bodies 8 and 9 of the rear batteries 4 and 5 are located with large bases to the longitudinal axis 10 of the gun, and the working bodies 6 and 7 of the front batteries 2 and 3 are located to this axis with smaller bases.

In the tool according to the second embodiment (figure 2), the working bodies 6 and 7 of the front batteries 2 and 3 are located with large bases to the longitudinal axis 10 of the gun, and the working bodies 8 and 9 of the rear batteries 4 and 5 are located to this axis with smaller bases.

The working body for tillage according to the third utility model (Figs. 3-5) contains a ring 11 having the shape of a truncated cone and spokes 12 for connecting it, for example, to the axis of the battery, in particular 3 or 4 (Figs. 1, 2) , or with a hub 13 (Figs. 3, 4). The ring 11 is located under an acute, in particular at a negative, angle -α to the direction of the figurative movement V of the ring (Fig. 3), that is, to the direction of movement of the gun (Figs. 1, 2). The larger base of the ring 11 is directed forward in the direction of travel and has a working edge 14 with a thickness d of 6 ÷ 12 mm. (figure 1). The surface of the working edge 14 is inclined outward from the plane of the larger base of the ring 11. On this surface, with the movement of the ring, a compacted soil wedge 15 is formed (Fig. 5).

The surface of the working edge 14 is inclined by an angle β equal to or greater than 20 degrees. This is necessary for the formation of the soil wedge 15 (figure 5) at the beginning of the process of deepening the ring 11 into the soil. For example, when the angle of inclination of the surface of this edge β = 20 degrees (Fig.3), the soil wedge 15 is formed at a depth h of 25 mm (Fig.5, 6). Ring 11 has a conical outer 16 and inner 17 surface (Fig.3-5), interacting with the soil during its operation.

Tillage tool (figure 1, 2) and the proposed working body (figure 3-5), as part of the batteries of this tool, work as follows.

For example, a tool according to the first embodiment (Fig. 1) in an aggregate with a tractor processes a steam field with the aim of surface loosening of the soil, destruction of weeds, leveling and mulching of its surface. The gun moves at a speed of, say, 2.2 ÷ 3 m / s (8 ÷ 11 km / h). Loaded with the weight of the guns, the working bodies 6-9 (Fig. 1), mounted at angles α and -α in the batteries 2-5, connected with the frame 1, roll (with sliding or shear), immersed in the soil so (Fig. 5), that the bottom of the ring 11 of each of them passes under its surface at a depth of H, for example, 40 ÷ 60 mm.

Rings 11 with knitting needles 12 (Fig. 3, 4) of the working bodies 6-9 of the implement (Fig. 1), when entering the soil, compress and shift it with their front conical surfaces: outer 16 and working edges 14, crushing the clods and creating under a compacted subsurface layer. When leaving the soil, they loosen it above this compacted layer and weeds are removed to the surface.

The soil flows around the moving parts of the working bodies 6-9 (Fig. 1), that is, rings 11 with spokes 12 (Figs. 3, 4). At the same time, it passes along the inner surfaces of the 17 rings 11 through the windows between the spokes 12 and further through the spaces between adjacent working bodies of 6-9 rolling batteries 2-5, is separated and placed behind them, forming a loose, leveled surface. On this surface, the working bodies 6-9 throw out, thanks to rotation, clipped weeds and other plant residues extracted from the soil, which then dry up, forming a mulching layer with the upper part of the loose, with the predominant structure of large lumps, soil. This is how the tool works in all cases of its use.

Patented working body in the considered example of the action of the gun shows its features, as follows. When the gun is moving (Fig. 1), the ring of each of its working bodies, for example, 8 of the battery 4, rotates around its axis (in relative motion) and simultaneously moves in the direction of motion of the gun V (in figurative motion). Each point of the ring 11 in the soil moves with an absolute speed Vk along the curved path of SBC (Fig. 5).

When immersed in the soil of the conical ring 11 (Fig. 5) with a part of its outer surface 16, located from the point O — the intersection of the SBC path line and forming the outer conical surface 16 of the ring 11 to the edge of its smaller base, the soil is compacted to a certain depth. At the same time, a soil wedge 15 is formed on the surface of the working edge 14. The lower base of the soil wedge 15 is deviated from the absolute velocity vector Vk of displacement of the ring edge points by a positive clearance angle ∈ (Fig. 5). This reduces the reaction of the soil pushing the ring 11, which contributes to its deepening.

Loosening of the soil layer and impact on the weeds are carried out by a compacted soil wedge 15. This wedge, which has a higher coefficient of friction, also prevents the weeds from sliding along the working edge of the ring. In this case, the force acting on the weed increases, and since the soil wedge 15 is not able to cut the weed, then in this case there is not a cutting of the weed, but its ripping out. The layer cut by this wedge moves in the corresponding windows between the spokes 12 (Fig. 4) along the inner surface 17 of the ring 11 (Figs. 3, 5) and is dumped to the bottom of the furrow. When the ring 11 moves in the ascending section of the SBC trajectory (Fig. 5), the remaining part of the cut formation is raised by the inner surface 17 of this ring and discarded together with the pulled out weeds onto the field surface, which, as noted above, is leveled and mulched.

The parameters of the working body are justified from the condition of ensuring high-quality cultivation, crumbling, leveling and compaction of the soil, and effective destruction of weeds. For example, the immersion depth of the ring H should be 40 ÷ 60 mm. and the angle of attack of the ring 11, that is, the angle α or -α between the plane of this ring and the direction of motion V, in absolute value should be in the range from 20 to 45 degrees (Figs. 1-3). The working body can be used both independently and as an integral element in others, including combined, tillage implements and aggregates.

The gun according to the second embodiment (figure 2) and the working body (figure 3-6) it work in the same way as noted in the considered example.

Other examples of utility models are possible. For example, depending on the technological process being carried out, the gun for each variant may have any ring working bodies corresponding to its essence or their combinations with other types of working bodies. The working bodies of the tool, including the proposed working body, can be performed with individual axes of rotation.

So, the above information confirms the possibility of patentable implementations of the tool and the working body, their novelty and efficiency with the achievement of the technical results indicated in the tasks of utility models.

Claims (6)

1. A tillage implement having a frame and associated batteries containing truncated cone-shaped working bodies rotatably mounted, wherein the front and rear batteries of the working bodies are located to the right and left of the longitudinal axis of the implement so that the working bodies of the right front and the left rear batteries are located at acute positive angles to the direction of movement, and the left front and right rear batteries are located at acute negative angles to the direction of movement, and the working bodies are made in in the form of rings with knitting needles. 2. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the working bodies of the rear batteries are located with large bases to the longitudinal axis of the gun, and the working bodies of the front batteries are located to this axis with smaller bases. 3. A tillage implement having a frame and associated batteries, containing working bodies in the form of truncated cones, mounted for rotation, while the front and rear batteries of the working bodies are located to the right and left of the longitudinal axis of the implement, and the working bodies are made in the form of rings with spokes, and the batteries are placed so that the working bodies of the right front and left rear batteries are located at sharp negative angles to the direction of movement, and the left front and right rear batteries are located under the sharp floor zhitelnymi angles to the direction of motion. 4. The tool according to claim 3, characterized in that the working bodies of the front batteries are located with large bases to the longitudinal axis of the gun, and the working bodies of the rear batteries are located to this axis with smaller bases. 5. The working body for soil cultivation, including a ring in the shape of a truncated cone located at an acute angle to the direction of movement and spokes attached to it to connect the ring to the hub or axis, the larger base of the ring pointing forward along the direction of travel and has a working edge of 6 ÷ thickness 12 mm, the surface of which is inclined outward from the plane of the larger base. 6. The working body according to claim 5, characterized in that the surface of the working edge is inclined by an angle equal to or greater than 20 °.