RU2402895C1 - Tillage device and body work for tillage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: device contains at least one working body. The working body is made in the form of a ring placed at an angle to the direction of motion. The ring has a shape of a truncated cone and is connected with spokes to a hub or an axle. The larger base of the ring is directed forward the direction of motion and has a working edge with thickness of 612 mm. The surface of the working edge is tilted outward from the plane of the larger base. The angle of the surface of the working edge is greater than 20 degrees. ^ EFFECT: this constructive implementation enables to improve efficiency of destruction of weeds, mainly with picking up, and of processing quality of soil by increasing the ability of the ring penetration ability. ^ 3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The group of inventions can be used for loosening the upper and rolling down the underlying soil layers, leveling its surface and destroying weeds.

Known annular harrow containing two sequentially located at an angle of attack batteries of the working bodies in the form of rings made of rods of circular cross section (the journal "Agriculture" No. 1, M., 2003, p. 35).

This tillage device (analogue of the first invention) has insufficient deepening ability of each working body (analogue of the second invention) and, as a result, poor-quality work on compacted backgrounds.

The closest analogue (prototype) of the first invention is a tillage device (roller) containing a frame and a battery of working bodies, any of which is a prototype of the second invention of the group (SU 1496650, 30.07.89). In this device, the prototype working body is made in the form of a ring having a shape of a truncated cone located at an angle to the direction of movement (at an angle of attack) and connected by means of spokes to the axis of rotation. Each conical ring in the battery of the working bodies of the prototype device is installed at an angle of attack with a smaller base forward in the direction of movement of this device.

The disadvantage of the prototype device is poor-quality work without preliminary tillage, since each of its working prototype bodies with this installation in this device is not deep enough into the soil. With insufficient deepening, the process of leveling the soil and combing out the weeds is disrupted.

The task of the group of inventions is to increase the efficiency of weed control and the quality of soil cultivation by achieving a technical result: increasing the deepening ability of the ring and weed control mainly by tearing.

This problem in the first invention is solved in that the claimed tillage device, as well as its prototype, contains at least one working body, made in the form of a ring arranged at an angle to the direction of movement, having the shape of a truncated cone and connected by means of knitting needles to a hub axis. Unlike the prototype device in the claimed device, the larger base of the ring is directed forward in the direction of travel and has a working edge with a thickness of 6 ÷ 12 mm, the surface of which is tilted outward from the plane of the larger base.

In the second invention of the group, the named task is solved in that the claimed working body for tillage, like its prototype, is made in the form of a ring having the shape of a truncated cone and connected via knitting needles to a hub or axle. Unlike its prototype, in the claimed working body for tillage, the larger base of the ring has a working edge 6–12 mm thick, the surface of which is tilted outward from the plane of the larger base.

Due to the fact that in the claimed device, the larger base of the conical ring is directed forward in the direction of travel and has a working edge 6–12 mm thick, the surface of which is tilted outward from the plane of the larger base, and a compacted soil wedge is formed on it when the ring moves. Loosening of the soil layer and the effect on weeds is carried out by a compacted soil wedge. The lower base of the soil wedge is deviated from the absolute velocity vector of the points of the edge of the ring, which always provides a positive clearance angle. At the same time, the soil reaction pushing the ring is reduced, which contributes to its deepening.

A soil wedge with a higher coefficient of friction also prevents weeds from sliding along the working edge of the ring. In this case, the force acting on the weed increases, and since the soil wedge is not able to cut the weed, in this case, weed cutting is not carried out. With an edge thickness of less than 6 mm, a soil wedge practically does not form. In this case, the weed is directly affected by the working body, which has a lower coefficient of friction, which reduces the effect of pulling out the weeds. When the thickness of the working edge is more than 12 mm, the soil loading by the ring increases and the traction resistance of the working body and the tillage device as a whole increases significantly.

Therefore, these new sets of common essential features of the claimed group of inventions: the device and the working body (the whole and its part) in all cases of their implementation ensure the achievement of the technical result noted in the task of inventions.

In special cases, the implementation of the working body, that is, the second invention of the group, the angle of inclination of the surface of the working edge to the plane of the ring is more than 20 °.

The invention is illustrated by drawings: figure 1 - working body for tillage (top view with a local cut), located in the position in which it is installed in the device according to the first invention; figure 2 is the same, view A (figure 1); figure 3 - diagram of the movement of the rim of the ring along a curved path; figure 4 - dependence of the angle of inclination of the surface of the working edge from a given depth of formation of the soil wedge.

In the drawings (Figs. 1-3), the following position designations are adopted:

1 - conical ring; 2 - working edge of the ring; 3 - a spoke; 4 - a nave or an axis; 5, 6 - outer and inner surfaces of the ring; 7 - compacted soil wedge.

The device according to the first invention contains at least one working body according to the second invention (figure 1). It is made in the form of a ring 1 (figure 1, 2), in the form of a truncated cone. Ring 1 from the side of its larger base has a working edge 2 of thickness d (Fig. 1), equal to 6 ÷ 12 mm. The surface of the working edge 2 is inclined outward from the plane of the larger base of the ring 1 at an angle β. The conical ring 1 (FIGS. 1, 2) is connected via knitting needles 3 to the hub (sleeve) 4 or directly to the axis (the axis of rotation of the ring 1 and other elements of the device according to the first invention are not shown).

Ring 1 has an outer 5 and an inner 6 surface. In the tillage device, the ring 1 is installed at an acute angle α to the direction of the portable movement V (Fig. 1). Moreover, the larger base of the ring 1 with the working edge 2 is directed forward in the direction of travel. In this case, when the ring 1 moves, a compacted soil wedge 7 is formed on its working edge 2 (Fig. 3).

The inclination of the surface of the working edge 2 by an angle β greater than 20 degrees is necessary for the formation of the soil wedge 7 at the beginning of the process of deepening the ring 1 into the soil (Fig.1-3). For example, when the surface of the edge 2 is tilted at an angle β (Fig. 1) equal to 20 degrees, the soil wedge 7 is formed at a depth h of 25 mm. (figure 3, 4).

The working body as part of the tillage device operates as follows (Fig.1-3). When this device moves along the field in the working position, its working element, that is, ring 1, located at an acute angle of attack α, rotates around its axis and simultaneously moves in the direction of figurative motion V (Fig. 1). Each point of the rim of this ring in the soil moves along the curved trajectory of the SOVK (figure 3).

When immersing the ring 1 with a part of its outer surface 5 from point O (Fig. 3), that is, from the point of intersection of the SOWC trajectory line and the outer surface of this ring forming to the edge of its smaller base, the soil is compacted to a certain depth, and on the surface of the working edge 2 a soil wedge is formed 7. The lower base of the soil wedge 7 is deviated from the velocity vector of the top of this wedge V _k to the positive clearance angle ε (Fig. 3). At the same time, as noted above, the soil reaction is reduced, pushing the ring 1, which contributes to its deepening.

Loosening of the soil layer and impact on the weeds is carried out by a compacted soil wedge 7. Since the soil wedge 7 has a higher coefficient of friction, it prevents the weeds from sliding along the working edge 2 of ring 1, which contributes to the destruction of weeds, mainly by tearing. The layer, cut by the soil wedge 7, moves along the inner surface 6 of the ring 1 (Fig.1-3) and is discharged to the bottom of the furrow. When the ring moves on the ascending section of the SOWL trajectory, part of the reservoir rises and is discarded along with the weeds pulled out onto the field surface.

The parameters of the working body 1 are justified from the condition of ensuring high-quality cultivation, leveling and compaction of the soil and effective destruction of weeds. Moreover, the depth of soil cultivation N (Fig. 3) is 4 ÷ 8 cm. The angle of attack α of the ring 1 (Fig. 1) is taken from 20 to 45 ° (Fig. 1).

Tillage device with the considered working body (Fig.1-3) can be used in various ways. With working bodies combined in batteries, this device can be, for example, an annular harrow or enter as a component in combined tillage or tillage sowing implements and units.

Claims (3)

1. A tillage device containing at least one working body, made in the form of a truncated cone located at an angle to the direction of movement and connected by means of knitting needles with a hub or axis, characterized in that the larger base of the ring is directed forward movement and has a working edge with a thickness of 6 ÷ 12 mm, the surface of which is tilted outward from the plane of the larger base. 2. The working body for soil treatment, made in the form of a ring having the shape of a truncated cone and connected by means of knitting needles with a hub or axis, characterized in that the larger base of the ring has a working edge 6–12 mm thick, the surface of which is inclined outward from the plane of the larger base . 3. The working body according to claim 2, characterized in that the angle of inclination of the surface of the working edge is greater than 20 °.

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