RU71851U1 - DISC SOIL PROCESSING TOOLS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to the working bodies of disk tillage implements, such as plows and harrows. The technical result is to increase the wear resistance of the disks, increase the service life of the disks of the tillage implement and improve the quality of the soil treatment, including overgrown vapors, with deep loosening and crumbling of the soil. In a disk of a tillage implement with a spherical segmented surface made of high-quality structural steel, having a cutting edge with cutouts in the form of semicircles, sharpening from the side of the convex surface of the disk, according to a utility model, in the area of the working face, the cutting edges are hardfaced, with the ratio of hardness metal of the disk and hardness of the deposited layer 1.2 ÷ 1.6, while the sharpening angle γ = 20 ° ± 2 °; the hardness of the deposited layer 51 ... 59 HRCe; the working face of the disk has the shape of a circle. 1 n.p., 2 z.p., 8 ill.

Description

The claimed utility model relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to the working bodies of disk tillage tools, such as plows and harrows. The use of a disk of a tillage implement, as a rule, consists in the use of a group of identical discs as working bodies of a tillage implement.

Among the discs of tillage implements are known discs for plowing, (RF patent No. 2046578 for the invention, IPC 6 АВВ 15/16, АВВ 5/00, 1995 [1], RF patent No. 2085061 for the invention МПК 6 А01В 15/16, А01В 5 / 00, 1997 [2]), made in the form of a spherical segment, the peripheral part of the disk is made in the form of a sequence of blades, each of which has a convex contour around the perimeter.

According to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 50360 for a utility model (IPC A01B 7/00 (2006.01), 2006 [3]), a spherical disk having a smooth edge, a flat bottom, a central square hole, a sharpening of the cutting edge of the blade from the convex side, an angle formed by a plane is known disk rotation and sharpening within 48 ... 52 °, and the ratio of the radius of curvature of the disk to its diameter is 1.2 ÷ 1.5, the disk is made of high-quality structural steel.

According to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 57074 for a utility model (IPC A01B 23/06 (2006.01), 2006 [4]), a spherical cut-out disk made of high-quality structural steel, having a cutting edge with cutouts in the form of semicircles, is also known for sharpening from the side of the convex surface of the disk , the central circular hole, the angle formed by the plane of rotation of the disk and sharpening, equal to 48 ... 52 °, and the ratio of the radius of curvature of the disk to its diameter is 0.9-1.1 (selected as a prototype).

The disadvantage of these disks is the increased wear of the working edges during operation of the disks. Wear - a change in the size, shape, weight or condition of the surface of the product due to the destruction (wear) of the microvolumes of the surface layer of the product during friction, which leads to a decrease in the functional qualities of the products.

Under normal soil working conditions, the well-known disc working bodies of the harrow sufficiently work the soil to a depth (6-8 cm) with an angle of attack of 15-18 degrees. However, such conditions are far from always. In more than 50% of cases, the soil is overdried or waterlogged, especially

in the fall, after harvesting row crop predecessors, including those with buried wood remains. In these cases, intensive wear of the harrow discs occurs.

The known disk working bodies have an angle of sharpening of the disks of 15-17 degrees, the thickness of the blade is 0.15-0.5 mm. According to agrotechnical requirements, the permissible thickness of the blade of the disk when it is worn is 1.5-2 mm. However, even in this case, weed cutting is reduced to 75%. For disks with a blunted blade up to 2 mm, the resistance increases to 35-40%. The depth of the discs drops sharply. Traction resistance, for example, of two-track field harrows, depending on the type of soil and depth of cultivation, is 100-250 kg / m, with blunt discs - 150-400 kg / m, which increases fuel consumption.

The use of materials with high wear resistance and a design solution that provides wear compensation contribute to the increase in wear resistance of the disk.

The technical problem, the solution of which is claimed by the claimed utility model, is to create a disk with an increased service life for processing soil to a depth of 20 cm (optimally 6-12 cm).

The technical result provided by the claimed utility model is to increase the wear resistance of the disks, increase the service life of the disks of the tillage implement and improve the quality of the soil treatment, including overgrown vapors, with deep loosening and crumbling of the soil.

The essence of the utility model is that the disk of a tillage implement, with a spherical segmented surface, made of high-quality structural steel, has a cutting edge with cutouts in the form of semicircles, sharpening from the side of the convex surface of the disk, while in the area of the working face, the cutting edges of the disk have surfacing hard alloy, the ratio of the hardness of the disk to the hardness of the deposited layer is 1.2-1.6, while the sharpening angle γ = 20 ° ± 2 °.

the hardness of the deposited layer 51 ... 59 HRCe,

while the working face of the disk has the shape of a circle.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the following graphic materials.

The figure 1 shows a diagram of the formation of the disk, figure 2 - disk tillage tools (type A of figure 3); figure 3 is a view B of figure 2; figure 4 -

an example of the implementation of the disk of the tillage implement (view In FIG. 5); figure 5 is a view of figure 4; in Fig.6 is a diagram of the edge of the disk (enlarged section DD of Fig.2, 4); 7 is a diagram of the use of the disk.

The disk of the tillage implement has a shape bounded by a segmented surface 1 — part of a sphere 2 cut off by plane 3 (FIG. 1). A disk is characterized by a radius of curvature R and a diameter D. The radius of curvature R is equal to the radius of the sphere. The diameter D is equal to the distance between the two farthest points of the disk. The axis 4 of the disk is the axis of its symmetry - it is a straight line passing through the center of the mentioned sphere 2 and normal to the mentioned plane 3.

The disk 5 may be in the form of a segmented surface (figure 2, 3). Moreover, the edge 6 of the disk has the shape of a circle. To increase the cutting ability and efficiency, the edge 6 of the disk 5 may contain cuts along the edge of the segmented surface in the form of an arc with a radius of curvature g (Figs. 4, 5). Mostly r≤0,1D (where D is the diameter of the disk). Preferred diameter D = 500 ... 650 mm. This diameter creates the necessary conditions for normal operation at a depth of 20 cm (preferably 6-12 cm), but also provides sufficient clearance between the axis of the disk battery and the field surface. An increase in the diameter of the disk worsens its depth due to an increase in the vertical component of the soil reaction, field cresting increases, disk batteries are clogged and the soil is unloaded, energy is wasted on lifting and transporting the soil over a large area.

The disk 5 is made of metal with a hardness of 36.4 ÷ 46.8 HRC _E , for example, of heat-treated high-carbon steel. To increase wear resistance and create conditions for self-sharpening, the blade of the disk is hardfaced. On its edge from the convex side in an area limited by / = 25 ÷ 35 mm from the edge (Fig. 6), the disk 5 contains a deposited alloy layer 8 with a higher hardness (51 ÷ 59 HRCe). Surfacing is carried out with a wire designed to produce a deposited metal layer that is resistant to intense abrasive and hydroabrasive wear with moderate impact loads (for example, PPN-502 wire (PP-Np-200 × 15C1GRT) according to GOST 26101-84 [5]).

The chemical composition of the weld metal,% FROM Cr Mn Si S, no more P, no more Ti AT 0.5-1.2 18-23 no more than 1,0 no more than 1,0 0.04 0.04 0.1-0.8 2.7-4.0

The edge 6 of the disk is the blade of the disk 5. The hardness of the metal on the edge of the 6 disk from different sides varies by 1.2 ÷ 1.6 times.

From the side of the concave surface in the metal region with lower hardness, the edge 6 of the disk 5 has a sharpening at an angle γ = 18 ÷ 22 degrees (with a bluntness δ = 1 ÷ 2 mm).

Through experiments it was found that the indicated ratio of the hardness of the metal from different sides of the edge 6 of the disk 5, as well as the angle of grinding are optimal for tillage and create a good self-sharpening effect. If the hardness ratio is less than 1.2, then the blade becomes blunt quickly, the self-sharpening effect is negligible and wear resistance does not increase. If the ratio of hardnesses is more than 1.6, or the angle of sharpening γ is less than 18 degrees, then the blade is sharpened excessively, leading, as a result, to an even greater decrease in the angle of sharpening γ, and, as a result, breaking off the tip of the blade, which is the wear of the disk. Moreover, the easier the working conditions, the greater the hardness ratio.

In the region adjacent to the axis 4, the disk has openings 7 for its fastening with the possibility of free rotation to a tillage implement (not shown).

The disk of the tillage implement is used as follows. Install the disk 5 on the tillage implement with the possibility of free rotation (Fig.7) so that it is located at small sharp angles to the direction of movement (angle of attack α) and to the vertical (angle β). In this case, the disk 5 is oriented so that its inner concave surface is oriented up and forward along the intended movement. The angle α is chosen mainly from the range of 10 ÷ 25 degrees, and the angle β is mainly from the range of 10 ÷ 20 degrees.

When preparing the soil for sowing, the depth of cultivation is 6-8 cm, when treating vapors of 10-12 cm, and when embedding siderates and overgrown vapors, 10-12 cm.

When moving, the disk 5 performs soil cultivation with the lower part of its edge 6 buried in the soil. In this case, due to the spherical shape of the disk 5, the installation of the disk 5 with the possibility of free rotation around the axis 4, as well as its installation at angles of attack and inclination, the disk 5 rotates, cuts strata of heavy soils, captures the stems and roots located on the field surface and presses them into the soil. The rusting edge of the disk cuts off a strip of soil and lifts it to the inner spherical surface, then the soil falls and is removed to the side by the disk. As a result of moving around the disk and falling, the soil crumbles, turns and mixes. A cutting edge disc grinds plant debris and weed vegetation. When the disk 5 is rotated, all sections of its edge 6 process the soil in turn, which leads to a uniform effect of soil on the entire edge 6 of the disk 5.

During operation of the disk 5, its edge 6 experiences the greatest abrasive effect from the side of the soil it processes. In other areas, the disk 5 practically does not wear out, so the wear of the disk 5 in the region of its edge 6 determines the wear of the disk 5 as a whole. The implementation of the outer layer of the disk 5 in this zone 6 of a metal alloy of higher hardness reduces the rate of wear at this place, which leads to an increase in the operational life of the entire disk.

The abrasive effect of the treated soil on the edge 6 of the disk 5 leads to the fact that the inner less hard layer of metal grinds faster, and the outer harder layer is slower. This ensures the thickness of the blade equal to the thickness of the outer harder layer. The angle of sharpening γ of a less hard layer provides sufficient strength for bending loads of the edge 6 of the disk 5, which prevents breakage of the blade.

When processing the soil, it is mainly not one disk that is used, but groups of disks installed at the same level and at a certain distance from each other.

Thus, from the foregoing, it follows that in the claimed utility model, the technical result: “increasing the wear resistance of the discs, increasing the service life of the discs of the tillage implement and improving the quality of the tillage” is achieved due to the fact that the disc of the tillage implement, with a spherical segmented surface, made of high-quality structural steel, has a cutting edge with cutouts in the form of semicircles, sharpening from the convex surface of the disk, while in the area of the working face the cutting edges of the disk have hard alloy surfacing, while the ratio of the hardness of the disk to the hardness of the deposited layer is 1.2-1.6, while the sharpening angle is γ = 20 ° ± 2 °; the hardness of the deposited layer 51 ... 59 HRCe; while the working face of the disk has the shape of a circle.

The implementation of the disk of the tillage implement in the zone of greatest wear - on the edge of the disk - of metal with greater hardness (1.2-1.6 times) allows the disk to reduce its wear rate in this zone during operation.

The specified two-layer implementation of the disk with the specified angle sharpening allows you to optimally ensure the self-sharpening of the disk during operation. At the same time, the cutting edge does not lose its sharpness and ensures good cutting of the soil layer, its revolution, grinding of plant debris and weed vegetation. This also implies a better separation of plants growing on the surface of the plowed area, and therefore, more efficient penetration and easier rotation of the disks, which thus work in better conditions.

When using hardening of a disk of a heavy disk harrow by surfacing, the need for high alloyed tool steels, hard alloys is reduced, and the labor and electric energy consumed when grinding the disks are also reduced.

Industrial tests of disks after hardening of their working edges have shown that, on average, wear resistance and resource increase by 2-3 times. The inventive utility model is implemented from industrially produced materials, can be manufactured at any engineering enterprise, and will find wide application in agriculture.

INFORMATION SOURCES.

1. RF patent No. 2046578 for the invention, IPC 6 A01B 15/16, A01B 5/00, 1995.

2. RF patent No. 2085061 for the invention of IPC 6 A01B 15/16, A01B 5/00, 1997.

3. RF patent No. 50360 for utility model IPC А01В 7/00 (2006.01), 2006.

4. RF patent №57074 for utility model IPC А01В 23/06 (2006.01), 2006.

5. GOST 26101-84. Flux cored wire. Technical conditions

Claims (3)

1. The disk of a tillage implement with a spherical segmented surface, made of high-quality structural steel, having a cutting edge with cutouts in the form of semicircles, sharpening from the side of the convex surface of the disk, characterized in that the cutting edges of the disk in the area of the working face are hardfaced, while the ratio of the hardness of the metal of the disk and the hardness of the deposited layer is 1.2 ÷ 1.6, while the sharpening angle is γ = 20 ° ± 2 °. 2. The disk of the tillage implement according to claim 1, characterized in that the hardness of the deposited layer is 51 ... 59 HRCe. 3. The disk of the tillage implement according to claim 1, characterized in that its working face has the shape of a circle.