RU75907U1 - SPHERICAL SOIL PROCESSING DISC - Google Patents

Abstract

A spherical disk of a tillage implement made of a steel sheet bent around a sphere with a sharpened edge around the perimeter, with a centering hole and holes for fastening is proposed. The authors believe that the disc is made new with a diameter of 550 ... 560 mm, a radius of 590 ... 600 mm, a thickness of 4 ... 8 mm, a hardness of 40 ... 50HRC, with a sharpening of the cutting edge of the disc, made at an angle to the axis disk rotation 38 ° ... 58 ° and with cuts along the periphery of the disk with a radius of 40 ... 45 mm. The technical result is an improvement in the quality of tillage by increasing the curvature of the disk, optimizing the angle of sharpening and other parameters. The utility model is industrially applicable. It can be implemented in a factory or other industrial enterprise. 1 ill.

Description

The proposed utility model is intended for use in harrows, where the working body is a spherical notched disk.

Spherical discs used in tillage tools are known. The disk (see Pat, RF for floor. Model No. 59361 MPK A01B 7/00 of 05/15/2006) is made of steel sheet bent around a sphere, with a sharpened edge, with a centering hole to no more than six holes for mounting bolts placed around a circle with a radius of 60 mm. The disk has a spherical seat with six holes for mounting bolts equally spaced relative to the axis of the centering hole on a circle with a diameter of 120 ± 1 mm with an inner radius of the sphere of the disk seat equal to 635 ± 10 mm and a diameter of the seat of at least 130 mm.

The disadvantage of the disk is that the sharpened edge of the disk is made without cuts, which affects the grinding of stubble and crop residues.

Known disk for tillage tools (see US Pat. RF for floor. Model No. 46620 A01B 7/00 - prototype), made of metal sheet material curved around the sphere and having a sharpening around the perimeter. The disk is made with a diameter of 560 mm and heat-treated over the entire surface to a hardness of 48 ... 52 НРС with a thickness of 6 mm and to a hardness of 39 ... 41 НРС with a thickness of 8 mm, while the radius of the sphere is 635 mm, and the sharpening is performed under angle of 30 ° to the axis of rotation. Cutouts with a radius of 47.5 mm are made along the perimeter of the disk. The disk is made with no more than six holes for fastening bolts located at an angle of 5 ° 30 '± 30' to the axis of rotation, while the holes are located around a circle with a radius of 60 mm.

The disadvantage of a disk of this diameter is the large radius of the sphere, which affects the crumbling of the soil and the turnover of the formation during disk operation. A small angle of sharpening the disk impairs the penetration of the disk into the soil and reduces the grinding of stubble and crop residues. All this reduces the quality of tillage.

The technical result of the proposed utility model is to improve the quality of tillage. The specified technical result is achieved in that the disk is made with a diameter of D = 550 ... 560 mm, with a radius of the sphere R _SF. = 590 ... 600 mm, thickness S = 4 ... 8 mm, heat treated to a hardness of 40 ... 50 НРС, with sharpening of the cutting edge of the disk, made at an angle of 38 ° ... 58 ° to the axis of rotation of the disk.

The proposed utility model will be described in more detail below.

Figure 1 shows a schematic drawing of the proposed spherical disk of a tillage implement with a centering hole with a diameter d and holes for mounting d ₁ diameter d ₂ .

The influence of the radius of the sphere of the disk R _SF is known _. per formation and soil crumbling. As shown by experimental studies, the nature of the deformation and displacements of the soil under the influence of spherical disks depends on the size and curvature of the disks. The greater the curvature of the disk, the more intensive the crumbling of the soil it produces (the dependencies, formulas, theoretical and experimental data presented here are based on information from Prince GN Sineokov and IM Panov “Theory and Calculation of Tillage Machines.” M., "Engineering", 1977, pp. 213-226).

The diameter and radius of curvature of the disk are related by the following relationship:

where: R _SF. - radius of curvature of the disk,

D is the diameter of the disk

α is the angle of attack of the disk,

K is the coefficient depending on the type of tillage (for plowing in the plow summary K = 3-3.5; for tillering plants K = 5-6; for harrows K = 4-6).

As our long-term observations show, for the main tillage of the ambassador of the precursor harvesting, good results are obtained by discs with a diameter of 550 ... 560 mm and a radius of curvature R _SF. = 590 ... 600 mm with an angle of attack of 23 ... 25 °.

It is known that D = Kα (G.N. Sineokov and I.M. Panov "Theory and Calculation of Tillage Machines". M., "Mechanical Engineering", 1977, pp. 219-220).

Based on the most difficult conditions, we select the processing depth α = 12 cm (for agricultural requirements α = 8 ... 12 cm), or α = 0.12 m, after which we find:

Next, from the expression (1) we find R _SF. for D = 550 ... 560 mm (0.55 ... 0.56 m) at K = 4.67 and α = (10 ... 25 °).

The calculations are presented in table 1.

Table 1 α, m 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 D, m 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 R m 0.275 0.275 0.275 0.275 0.275 0.275 0.275 0.275 0.275 0.275 α, degree 10 eleven 13 fifteen 17 19 21 23 24 25 TO 4,58 4,58 4,58 4,58 4,58 4,58 4,58 4,58 4,58 4,58 R _SF, m 1,317 1,201 1,022 0.891 0.792 0.715 0.653 0.602 0.580 0.559 α, m 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 D, m 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 R m 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 α, degree 10 II 13 fifteen 17 19 21 23 24 25 TO 4.67 4.67 4.67 4.67 4.67 4.67 4.67 4.67 4.67 4.67 R _SF, m 1,333 1,215 1,034 0.902 0.802 0.724 0.661 0.609 0.587 0.567

From table 1 it is seen that the proposed disk should have the following set of parameters: the diameter of the disk 550 ... 560 mm, the radius of the sphere 590 ... 600 mm A disc about such parameters will ensure high-quality soil cultivation at a depth of 8 ... 12 cm when adjusting the angle of attack within 25 ° on any agricultural background. In this case, the degree of crushing of untreated preliminary soil will be higher than that of the prototype, because the radius of the sphere is smaller (G.N. Sineokov and I.M. Panov "Theory and Calculation of Tillage Machines". M., "Engineering". 1977, p. 222). The desire to increase the radius of the sphere will cause a decrease in the degree of crumbling of the soil and requires work in a different range of angle of attack.

Thus, the disk works in the recommended range of the coefficient K = 4 ... 6 for disk harrows, providing improved soil crumbling quality in the range of the angle of attack of 23 ° ... 25 °, with a disk diameter of 550 ... 560 mm and a radius of 590 of the sphere. ..600 mm.

As for other parameters, such as the angle of sharpening of the disk, the thickness and hardness of the disk, these parameters do not affect the degree of crumbling of the soil. They determine: soil penetration - sharpening angle, disk strength - thickness and hardness. But these parameter! are important, and therefore they are recommended for use from practical experience, as accompanying parameters.

From the presented data it can be seen that the proposed combination of disk parameters is possible only with an angle of attack of α = 23 ... 24 °. It is at such an angle of attack for a disk with a diameter of 0.55 ... 0.56 m that is the radius of the sphere R _SF. = 0.59 ... 0.6 m the occipital pressure of the soil on its outer sphere will be completely absent. The presence of occipital pressure prevents the deepening of the disk into the soil and generally impedes the stability of the implement in the horizontal plane. This is especially important for untouched soil after harvesting the predecessor, as deformation (crushing) of such erne not loosened soil, the outer sphere of the disk is very difficult. For additional loosening of already plowed soil, lower values of the angle of attack are desirable, since moreover, it is easier to cut large discs in the soil, formed during plowing, by the disk. Moreover, the disk thickness can vary within 4 ... 8 mm, and the hardness of the disk is HRC = 40 ... 50. With the used grade of steel St65G for spherical discs of a harrow, for which the optimum depth of soil cultivation is a depth of 8 ... 12 cm, sufficient strength of the disc with a thickness of 4 ... 6 mm is sufficient. This thickness facilitates the penetration of the disk into the soil, as the specific pressure of the disk on the soil increases. With less strong steels from which the disks are made, an increase in the thickness of the disk to 8 mm is necessary. In this case, the strength meets the stresses that arise during operation, and the depth of the disk is quite good. At the same time, the angle of sharpening of the cutting edge of the disk, made at an angle to the axis of rotation of the disk 38 ... 58 °, provides good penetration of the disk into the soil with efficient grinding of stubble and crop residues.

Thus, the above parameters of the disk and, to a greater extent, the claimed curvature of the disk with the claimed diameter of the spherical disk and the angle of sharpening of the cutting edge of the disk relative to the axis of rotation of the disk, in combination with other parameters, ensure the achievement of a technical result.

Claims (1)

A spherical disk of a tillage implement made of a steel sheet bent around a sphere with a sharpened edge around the perimeter, with a centering hole and with mounting holes, characterized in that the disk is made with a diameter of 550 ... 560 mm and a radius of the sphere of 590 ... 600 mm , 4 ... 8 mm thick, hardness 40 ... 50 HRC, with a sharpening of the cutting edge of the disk, made at an angle to the axis of rotation of the disk 38 ... 58 ° and with cuts along the periphery of the disk with a radius of 40 ... 45 mm.