RU1804276C - Soil miller - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a rotary hoe for tillage. A rotary hoe rotatable about a rotational axis is individually suspended from the supporting structure. The rotational hoe comprises a working body with a housing. The case consists of a disk and teeth fixed on it. The plane of rotation of the rotational hoe forms an angle of 3-75 ° with the horizontal. The trace lines of the plane of rotation of the rotary hoe and the horizontal plane form an angle of 15 to 87 ° with the direction of travel. The teeth are curved, bent backward and spaced at the same distance from each other. The sides of the tooth form a longitudinally extending cutting edge (or two). The angle of the cutting edge is from 3 to 40 °. The cutting edges are in the plane of the body of the working body on its side. The tooth cross section is symmetrical, the axis of symmetry of the tooth cross sections is the bisector of the angle of the cutting edge, which is simultaneously generatrix. The angle between the plane of rotation of the rotational hoe and the horizontal plane is the same as the angle between the axis of symmetry of the tooth transverse sections and the direction of the axis of rotation. 1 s.p. flu, 8 ill. with C

Description

The invention relates to a rotary hoe which is intended for tillage.

The purpose of the invention is to construct suitable for performing tillage functions, such as loosening the soil, preparing seed crops, crushing clumps, mixing, digging up the remains of the stems, destroying weeds, etc., tillage, including an appropriate tillage tool, which alone is capable of providing all of the above functions.

Thus, it is an object of the invention to provide a tillage machine suitable for carrying out the aforementioned functions, which is equipped with an appropriate tillage tool and which, thanks to its operation, combines the advantages of the hitherto known rotary hoes, plows, disc devices. It has a cutting device and, due to its spatial arrangement, is suitable for cultivating the soil at various depths or for forming the desired soil surface.

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In accordance with the object, the invention relates to a rotary hoe for cultivating a soil, which has a support structure and a depth-limiting wheel suitable for mounting at least one rotary hoe, and according to the invention, the rotary hoe is connected via a suspension link to the support structure, a rotary hoe the hoe consists of a wheel hub and a gear wheel rotating around an axis of rotation and having a disk and a tooth fixed to it, such that the plane of rotation of the rotational m the taiga forms an angle with the horizontal, and the value of this angle is in the range from 3 ° to 75 °, in addition, the trace line of the plane of rotation of the rotational hoe and the horizontal forms an angle from 15 to 87 ° with the direction of movement, the tooth is bent, directed radially outward, bent backward and spaced at the same distance from each other, which, in addition, the sides of the teeth end with a longitudinally extending cutting edge or longitudinally extending cutting edges, the angle of the cutting edge being / 3 n ranges from 3 to 40 °, the cutting edges are directed from the sides to the outside, the cross section of the teeth is symmetrical, and the axis of symmetry of the tooth profile is the bisector of the angle of the cutting edge / 3, which is simultaneously a generatrix having a rotation axis coinciding with the axis of rotation a cone, the angle of which is 2 y, and in addition, the angle между between the plane of rotation of the rotational hoe and the horizontal plane and the angle у between the axis of symmetry of the tooth transverse section and the direction of the axis of rotation are always the same.

When the tooth is formed in the embodiment of the rotary hoe, the tooth is equipped with cutting edges, in which case the tooth cross section is a different trapezoid.

Soil tillage made in this way, due to the appropriate choice of the angle of the cutting edge of the tooth, the angles a and y, is suitable for processing (cultivating) many varieties of soil.

The rotational hoe made in accordance with the invention is capable of providing for several soil cultivating functions at the same time and thus consumes little energy.

Fig. 1 shows a rotational hoe with an engine machine and a working machine suspended on a supporting structure; on the

FIG. 2 - casing of a gear wheel of a rotational hoe with a disk, side view; in FIG. 3 - the same, bottom view; in FIG. 4 - section of a tooth with two cutting edges; in FIG. 5 shows the arrangement of the tooth plane and the axis of rotation of the disk relative to the horizontal plane and the vertical; FIG. 6-8 - various positions of the working body in operation.

The rotational hoe is connected by means of a suspension arm 1 through a hinge to the supporting structure 2 of the implement. A spring 3 is installed between the suspension arm 1 and the supporting structure 2. In the case of large lumps of earth (boulders) or uneven terrain, or stones, the rotational hoe is raised around the hinge in a vertical plane against the direction of action of the spring force 3 and protects the tillage tool from breaking. The work of the rotary hoe is carried out with constant depth and is provided by an adjustable wheel 4, limiting the depth. The suspension arm 1 is connected to the hub 5 of the working body 1. In the hub 5, a body (sleeve) 6 of the working body is mounted, which is fixed on the axis 8 rotating around the axial line 7 by means of a bearing 9. The housing 6 consists of a disk 10 and teeth fixed thereon by means of a detachable connection 11. The direction of rotation 12 of the housing 6 of the working body is opposite to the backward curvature of the teeth 11. The housing Static preparation rotary hoe body forms with a horizontal plane, with the plane of the treated soil, while the angle.

The body 6 of the working body consists of a disk 10 and teeth fixed to it, preferably in the cages with screws (not shown) 11. The diameter D of the body 6 is the diameter of the circumference described when the vertices of the teeth rotate 11. The curvature of the teeth 11 is formed from arcs of two or more circles with different radii. The external arc of the tooth 11 is formed by a curve having a smaller radius of the circle for the purpose of more efficient operation of the teeth 11. The tooth 11 is curved backward (in the direction opposite to their rotation) and slightly overlap. The distance away from the disk 10, the distance between the teeth 11 gradually increases in the radial direction. The distance L between the teeth 11, which is determined by the length of the perpendicular straight line drawn from the top of the tooth 11 to the arc of the adjacent tooth, has the value which constitutes the eighth of the diameter D of the housing 6. The number of teeth 11 depends

from the task of cultivating the soil, from the structure of the soil, generally eight to twelve teeth are mounted on the disk. Tooth 11 have a triangular cross section. The sides 13 of the tooth forming the cutting edge 14 intersect at an angle /. The cutting edges 14 are in the same plane. Angle / is the angle of the cutting edge, the value of which can be selected as desired in the range from 3 to 40 °. For processing loose soil, a larger angle / 5 of the cutting edge is used to form the tooth 11; for processing hard soil, a smaller angle 3 3 of the cutting edge is used.

Characteristic is the position of the tooth 11. With respect to the plane of the rotational hoe, or the body b of the working body and relative to the axis of rotation 7 of the disk 10. From FIG. 3 it can be seen that the cross sections of the teeth 11, starting from the ends of the 15 teeth, are symmetrical, their axis of symmetry are the bisectors of the angles / 3 of the cutting edges 14.

The axis of symmetry 16 of the cross section of the tooth 11 forms an angle y with the direction of the axis of rotation 7 of the housing 6 or the rotary hoe. The axis of symmetry 16 of each individual transverse section of the tooth 11 thus forms at the same time a cone with an angle of 2 y. The axis of symmetry 16 of the ends of the 15 teeth in the form of tooth cross sections is also a generatrix of the cone with an angle of 2 y. On the supporting structure 2, rotational hoes can also be arranged in pairs in the form of mirror symmetry, for example, for planting row crops. In this case, the right or left tooth 11 is attached (for right or left use).

Having shown in FIG. 4 cutting edges 17, the cross section of tooth 11 refers to a tooth structure that has two cutting edges. Thus, this embodiment can be used for both the right and left positions of the rotary hoe, or further use of the worn tooth for the symmetrically rotated hoe is provided.

The cross section of the tooth 11 equipped with cutting edges 17 is an isosceles trapezoid, thus the tooth 11 is also made curved from this kind of profile. In FIG. Figure 4 shows that the sides of the tooth are common on one side and on the other side isosceles trapezoid. The sides 13 of the tooth 11 also form an angle / 3 of the cutting edge. Each end 15 of tooth 11 of a similar type extends to the midline of the trapezoid, the axis of symmetry 16 of the transverse sections of the tooth

also forms a generatrix of the cone with an angle of 2 y.

FIG. 5 shows the angle a between the plane of the rotational hoe or body 6 of the working body and the horizontal plane of its real value. In this case, the intersection line of both planes runs in the direction of travel, i.e. in contrast to the position shown in FIG. 1 rotational hoe, rotated vertically relative to its track line. The rotational hoe in this position is not actuated. The trace of the line of both planes is located at an angle of 15 to 87 ° with respect to the direction of movement. The angle of inclination of both planes can be chosen arbitrarily in the range of "3-75 °. The axis 7 of rotation of the working body installed in the hub 5 and the axis of symmetry 16 of the ends 15 of the teeth 11 form an angle y, as it was already

illustrated by FIG. 3.

Rotational hoe works as follows.

A tractor of 18 tons there is no mounted implement 2 in the direction 19. Under the action of the pull the working body comes into rotation, as a result, the tooth crashes into the ground.

The movement crossing the direction of the 19 thrust of the tooth 11 occurs under the action of the soil due to the fact that the axis 7 of rotation of the disk

10 tilted back and to the side.

According to the experimentally obtained experiment, the working body rolls with an external diameter determined by the ends of the teeth over the surface of the soil 20 (Fig. 8).

The instant center 21 of the movement of the working body is located along the outer diameter from the side touching the surface of the soil 20 on the tooth 11 at the point farthest from the axis of rotation 7.

In FIG. Figure 8 shows the conditions of movement of the working body. The movement conditions relative to the soil 20 are determined by the position of the instantaneous center 21. In the area shown in FIG. 18 with the letter A, the displacement of the points of the working body in the direction of movement 19 is relatively small. During entry or exit into the soil in zone A, the movement of H occurs in the vertical direction,

this movement causes already significant movement (Fig. 7). Thus, it can be said that in zone A, the tooth 11 is practically moving in the vertical direction.

This circumstance determines the working capacity of the working body and the appropriate structural design of the teeth 11.

The vertically moving tooth 11 cuts the remaining stems of the plants, roots, and soil in the event that the resistance that the soil 20 can exert in the form of a reaction force is sufficient for this.

If the structure of the soil 20 has loosened, the residual stems of the plants do not cut, tooth 11 pinches the remains deep into the soil.

When clods hit, the situation is the same. In a layer below the depth of processing, lumps pressed therein have a compacting effect and homogenize the soil structure.

Due to the rotation of the working body in zone B, the tooth 11 moves in the direction of movement and in the transverse direction, whereby the tooth 11 cuts through the soil 20 (translational movement 19 is intersected by transverse movement). In this case, the roots of the plants are cut, the soil 20 is loosened, ground, after which the tooth 11 leaves the soil 20 vertically and covers the plant remains of the stems.

During displacement from the instant center 21, the movement of the teeth 11 is characterized by continuous acceleration, on which good self-cleaning of the working body is based.

Zone C is a self-cleaning zone in which, relative to the surface of the earth in the direction of travel, the tooth 11 moves at twice the translational speed () and rises in the vertical direction from the ground.

In zone D, tooth 11 intersects the resulting direction of movement, whereby the stalks of the plants are knocked down, mixed with the ground and planned.

The instantaneous motion conditions of the points of the working body are determined by the relative position of the instantaneous center 21. FIG. Figure 8 shows a method for constructing the magnitude, direction, or meaning of the resulting velocity of motion Ve of the points of the working body.

The resulting velocity Ve can be decomposed into two components, namely in the direction of translational movement Vn and in the transverse direction Vk.

In FIG. Figure 8 shows the resulting motion conditions of some important peripheral points, as well as the relative values of some velocity components in the direction of translational movement Vn and in the transverse direction Vk.

The nature and quality of the carried out agricultural tasks also depends on the angle a between the plane of rotation of the disk 10 with the teeth 11 and the soil surface (Fig. 5).

If the angle a is small, the depth of penetration of the teeth 11 of the working body into the soil is less, and when the angle a increases, the depth is proportional to more.

With a small angle a and less

the width of the tooth 11 affects the soil less, with a larger angle угла and a larger width of the tooth 11, the working element can also be used to fulfill the filling function. If the angle increases, the soil will mix better. The agronomic measures taken depend both on the section of the tooth and on the position of the tooth.

It turned out that the work of a rotational hoe can be estimated as good when the angle между between the plane of the body 6 of the working body and the horizontal plane coincides with the characterizing and determining spatial position

of the teeth 11 by an angle of y, which is the half-cone angle of such cones having an angle of 2, the generators of which are the axis of symmetry 16 of the transverse sections of the teeth 11, and the axis of rotation are perpendicular to the body 6 of the working body, i.e. their direction coincides with the direction of the axis of rotation 7.

If the value of the angle a exceeds the value of the angle y, the ability of the tooth to immerse in the ground increases. If the angle a is smaller than the angle y, the ability to penetrate the earth is reduced, while the sealing effect is increased. The ability to penetrate the earth is affected

also the point angle of the tooth 11 and its thickness. .

With a smaller thickness of the teeth and small angles at the top of the tooth, the ability to enter the soil is satisfactory, compaction

decreases, at large angles at the apex, the ability to enter the soil is worse, however, the compaction action increases.

A rotary hoe made in accordance with the invention has particular agricultural advantages and is suitable for almost all of the important tasks associated with tillage. All deficiencies arising from the operation are eliminated, for example, those resulting from clogging, inappropriate weed control and seedbed preparation, inadequately assessable deficiencies and the resulting damage.

Claims (2)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 1. A rotational hoe comprising a bearing member with an arm having a sleeve and at least one working member mounted in said sleeve on an axis mounted therein by a bearing and made in the form of a disk with a hub and radially directed, curved arcuately into the side opposite to the direction of its rotation, by teeth, each of which has a cutting edge located in the plane of the disk with adjacent side surfaces and a symmetrical image with respect to the bisector the cross section indicated by the indicated surfaces and the cutting edge of the angle, characterized in that, in order to expand the functionality, the plane of rotation of the disk of the working body is inclined backward at an angle of 3-75 ° to the horizontal plane, the line of intersection of the plane of rotation a disk with a horizontal plane is located at an angle of 15-87 ° to the direction of its translational movement, and the angle formed by the side surfaces and the cutting edge of the tooth is 3-40 °, while the cutting edges of the teeth are located us with the downwardly facing side of the disc working body and the angle between the symmetry axis of the cross sectional area of each tooth and the direction of the rotational axis of the disc is equal to the slope of the plane of rotation of the disc to a horizontal plane. 2. A hoe according to claim 1, characterized in that each tooth has a cross-sectional shape in the cross section and is provided with an additional cutting edge symmetrical to the first relative to the axis of symmetry of the trapezoid, while the tooth is mounted to rotate from the right-hand working position of the disk to left-hand and vice versa. Fi Mr. I  W / / 7 / / 0r / & rW: 7 / r # / /// JF 6 11 A 11 FIG. 7 Fig.8