RU81494U1 - INDUSTRIAL PLANT FOR REFINING OIL SLUDGES - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed utility model relates to the field of the oil refining industry and can be used for the integrated processing of oil sludge - oil-containing industrial waste with the extraction of oil products from them and the disposal of the solid phase in the form of marketable products. The objective of the proposed utility model is the creation of a new industrial installation that provides simultaneous resolution of issues related to the disposal of oil sludge from toxic substances, the selective extraction of oil sludge from oil sludges suitable for sale from consumers and the disposal of the solid phase after extraction of oil products from it. The technical result that can be obtained by implementing the proposed utility model is to obtain from oil sludge a new type of highly liquid marketable product - cement clinker, which is in steady demand among consumers. The problem is solved with the achievement of the above technical result by the proposed utility model - "Industrial installation for the processing of oil sludge", including a receiving collection tank for the original oil sludge, a tank for the preparation of solutions of surface-active substances, a high-speed centrifuge, collectors of oil and water, phases, containers for solid phases, a device for heat treatment, a collection of heat-treated materials, pipelines, pumps and shut-off and control valves. New in the proposed utility model is that the receiving tank has a connection with a heated reactor-repulsator with an agitator having a loading hatch and, through a pipe located on the lid of the reactor-repulpator, is connected to

the circulating tank of the aqueous phase and the surfactant dispenser, the lower discharge pipe of the repulpator reactor is directed to a distribution column having a connection to the oil and water phases collectors and a solid phase container technologically connected to a high-speed three-phase centrifuge having connections to the oil and water phases collectors and a circulating tank of circulating water, the discharge unit of the centrifuge is connected to the loading hatch of the reactor-extractor with a stirrer, having a connection with a dispenser and a circulator a collection tank of organic solvents - volatile oil fractions, the lower discharge pipe of the reextractor is connected to a vacuum filter, the liquid phase from which is directed to a circulation tank, and the discharge device has a connection to a mixer, to which the chopped carbonate batcher is connected and / or calcium oxide, the entrance to which is directed from the storage tank, the mixer has a connection with a heat treatment device, which is installed calcination furnace with a furnace the outlet, having a connection with the collectors of the oil phase and the circulation tank collecting organic solvents, the discharge unit has a connection through a conveyor with a collection tank of calcined products.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to the field of the oil refining industry and can be used for the integrated processing of oil sludge - oil-containing industrial waste with the extraction of oil products from them and the disposal of the solid phase in the form of marketable products.

The well-known "System for the collection and preparation of oil" (RF Patent No. 2243813 according to application No. 2003121365/15 with a priority of July 10, 2003. Registered and published: January 10, 2005. Bull. No. 1; IPC ⁷ В01D 17/00).

The well-known “System” includes (Fig. 1) a well production unit (1), first and second stage separators (2), a pump (3), a hot separation stage (4), a furnace (5), and deep dehydration stages (6) and desalination (7), a preliminary water discharge tank (8) with a drainage water discharge pipe and an intermediate layer (9), on which a heater (10), two-phase decanter (11) and three-phase plate-shaped (12) centrifuges having lines are placed in series output of oil (13), water (14) and concentrate of solids (15), and a buffer tank of commodity d of oil (16). Moreover, between the preliminary water discharge tank (8) and the heater (10), a settling tank (17) is additionally located, and the heater is built into the sump (18), which is equipped with a circulation circuit (19) consisting of a float device (20), a pump ( 21) and the reagent supply unit (22), and the circulation circuit (19) is connected to two-phase decanter (11) and three-phase disk (12) centrifuges through a control valve (23), while the desalination stage (7) is connected to the hot separation stage ( 4) through a heat exchanger (24) located between metering scrap

production of wells (2) and a preliminary water discharge tank (8), an oil output line (13) from a three-phase plate centrifuge (12) is connected to a stock tank of salable oil (16).

The "system" of the prototype works as follows.

The water-gas-oil-oil emulsion from the well (25) through pipelines (26) enters the site for measuring the production of wells (1) and then to the separators of the first and second stages (2), is heated in the heat exchanger (24) with the heat of the finished oil, enters the preliminary water discharge tank (8) and the pump (3) are pumped through the furnace (5), where it is heated to the required temperature. Then, the heated emulsion settles in the stages of deep dehydration (6) and desalination (7), passes through a heat exchanger (24), losing heat from the water-gas-oil emulsion coming from the wells (25). Then the oil goes through the hot separation stage (4) and enters the salable oil buffer tank (16), from where the salable oil is pumped to the main facilities (not shown in the figure). Drainage water from the stages of deep dehydration (6) and desalination (7) enters the preliminary water discharge tank (8), from which the drainage water and the intermediate layer through the drainage water discharge pipe and the intermediate layer (9) enter the settling tank (17). In the settling tank (17), the intermediate layer is separated from the water and accumulates in its upper part, from where it enters the settler (18) for processing. Water from the tank (17) is sent to the treatment plant. In the sump (18) with the help of a heater (10), the intermediate layer is heated to a temperature of 60-80 ° C. Using a float device (20) and a pump (21), a circulation circuit (19) is created, into which the necessary reagents (demulsifier, flocculant, washing reagent) are fed through the reagent supply unit (22). During such treatment, oil with a minimum content of water and solids is separated in the upper part of the sump (18), and water is drained in the lower part and sent to treatment facilities (not shown in the figure). From the circulation circuit (19) through

the control valve (23) oil is taken to a two-phase decanter centrifuge (11), from which the refined oil enters a three-phase disk centrifuge (12), from which the refined oil enters the stock tank buffer tank (13) through the oil output line (13) (16). From two-phase decanter (11) and three-phase dish-shaped (12) centrifuges, water is sent to the treatment plant through the water outlet line (14), and the solids are sent through the solids concentrate (15) to the sludge trap (27). Gas, if necessary, is removed from all sedimentation tanks and reservoirs in any known manner.

The known technical solution ensures the stable operation of the centrifugal separation unit of the oil and water phases.

The disadvantage is the lack of necessary equipment for the processing and disposal of oily waste - oil sludge.

Of the known analogues, the closest in technical essence and the achieved result is the well-known utility model - "Technological site for the processing and disposal of oil sludge" (RF Patent PM PM No. 71656. Regist. And publ. March 20, 2008. Bull. No. 8) - adopted for PROTOTYPE.

The technical solution for the prototype includes (Fig. 2): pipelines with shut-off and control valves, pumps for pumping transport pipelines, conveyors and the following main equipment technologically - interconnected:

1 - receiving prefabricated heated containers for the source of oily waste products, equipped with mixing devices;

2 - intermediate heated and thermally insulated containers with mixing devices (mixers) designed to heat (for example, up to 70-90 ° С) the initial oil-containing production wastes and their processing with chemical reagents (coagulants, demulsifiers and flocculants). Between reception (1) and intermediate

(2) a sieve (strainer) (not shown in the figure) was installed in containers to separate large pieces of the solid phase;

3 - block for the preparation of solutions of chemical reagents, which includes a set of tank equipment, dispensers, pumps, pipelines, appropriate fittings for the preparation and dosage of various chemicals for the treatment of oil-containing wastes heated to a certain temperature (60-90 ° C): coagulants, demulsifiers and flocculants;

4 - high-speed three-phase centrifuge;

5 - a collection of oil products purified from solid phase and water;

6 - a collection of the aqueous phase contaminated with a small amount of oil products;

7 - containers for collecting sludge - solid phase containing up to 10-20% oily products;

8 - a collection with a dispenser for contaminated land, bottom silt sediments of oil storages and oil tanks, etc .;

9 - heated collector - mixer of the solid phase - sediments contaminated with oil products, subject to processing, disposal and preparation for subsequent disposal with the receipt and sale of marketable products;

10 - a device for heat treatment of sediments by flue gases (solid phase) - the so-called "thermal desorber";

11 - a collection of heat-treated precipitation;

(12-23) - a complex of technological equipment that is part of the block for briquetting heat-treated precipitation - heat-treated solid phase, including;

12 - hopper feeder;

13 - screw feeder;

14 - belt conveyor;

15-1 and 15-2 - twin-screw mixers;

16 - metering pump;

17 - capacity with sodium silicate;

18 - auger conveying conveyor;

19-1 - hopper feeder;

19-2 - screw feeder;

20 - horizontally located movable roll;

21 - fixed roll;

22 - vibrating screen for screening small defective briquettes;

23 - a collection of briquettes;

24 - belt conveyor - stacker;

25 - a briquette warehouse intended for receiving briquettes, their "ripening" - with the aim of hardening them and subsequent shipment to consumers.

26 - a collection of defective briquettes (trifles) returned to the hopper-feeder (12) for processing and disposal;

27 - return screw conveyor for feeding the little things into circulation - into the hopper-mixer (12) and mixers (15-1 and 15-2).

A utility model of the prototype - "Technological site for the processing and disposal of oil sludge" works and is operated as follows.

The initial oily waste is received for processing, disposal and disposal from oil storage tanks, oil pits, etc. in receiving prefabricated heated containers (1), equipped with mixing devices, from where heated oil-containing wastes pass through a sieve (strainer) (for example, are pumped by a pump) into intermediate heated, thermally insulated containers (2) with mixers. Chemical reagents — coagulants, demulsifiers, and flocculants — are successively fed into these containers (2) from block (3). Heated (up to 60-90 ° С) and oily waste treated with chemical reagents are then sent (for example, pumped) to a high-speed

a three-phase centrifuge (4), in which the separation of oil, water and solid phases is collected, respectively, in collectors (5, 6) and containers (7). From containers (7), sediments — the solid phase separated from oil-containing wastes in a high-speed three-phase centrifuge (4), is sent to a heated collector-mixer (9), where oiled earth, bottom, silt sediments from oil storages, oil tanks, etc. from the heated collector-mixer (9), the precipitation (solid phase) enters the device for heat treatment of precipitation by flue gases - into the so-called "thermal desorber", in which the oil-containing products are removed from the precipitation - solid phase and their subsequent disposal. Heat-treated precipitates are collected in a collection (11), from where they are sent to the hopper-feeder (12) of the complex of technological equipment (13-25), which is part of the roll briquette press. From the hopper-feeder (12), heat-treated precipitation, as well as “return fines” from the collector (21), enter the screw feeder (13), then to the conveyor belt (14), from which the solid phase enters two twin-screw mixers connected in series (15-1 and 15-2) into which sodium silicate is supplied from the tank (17) by means of a pump (16), the composite mixture after thorough mixing in twin-screw mixers (15-1 and 15-2) enters through a screw conveyor (18) to the hopper-feeder (19-1) and from it to the screw feeder (19-2), the feeding composition the mixture in the gap between horizontally located movable (20) and fixed (21) rolls. The necessary pressure on the movable roll (20) is created by a special hydraulic system (not shown in the figure). The briquettes formed between the rollers (20 and 21) are dumped onto a vibrating screen (22), on which the “trifles” - defective (small) weak and poorly formed briquettes are screened. These rejected briquettes - a "trifle" with the help of a return screw conveyor (27) are sent to the "revolution" - returned to the bunker-mixer (12) and mixers (15-1 and 15-2). With vibrating screen

(22) briquettes are collected in a briquette collector (23), from where they are sent by a conveyor belt-stacker (24) to a briquette warehouse (25) where briquettes “ripen” and harden, i.e. transition to a condition suitable for subsequent shipment to consumers.

The disadvantage of the technical solution for the prototype is the relatively low degree of extraction of oil from the original sludge in marketable oil-containing products.

Another disadvantage of the utility model of the prototype is the unsatisfactory consumer properties of the resulting briquettes, which is associated with their low quality and due to the presence in the feedstock of a large residual oil content.

The objective of the proposed utility model is the creation of a new industrial installation that provides simultaneous resolution of issues related to the disposal of oil sludge from toxic substances, the selective extraction of oil sludge from oil sludges suitable for sale from consumers and the disposal of the solid phase after extraction of oil products from it.

The technical result that can be obtained by implementing the proposed utility model is to obtain from oil sludge a new type of highly liquid marketable product - cement clinker, which is in steady demand among consumers.

The problem is solved with the achievement of the above technical result by the proposed utility model - "Industrial installation for the processing of oil sludge", which includes a receiving collecting tank (1) for the initial oil sludge, a tank for the preparation of solutions of surface-active substances (2), a high-speed centrifuge (3), collectors oil (4) and water (5) phases, containers (6) for the solid phase, device (7) for heat treatment, a collection (8) of heat-treated materials, pipelines, pumps and shut-off and control valves. New in the proposed utility model is

the fact that the receiving tank (1) is connected to a heated reactor-repulsator (9) with a stirrer having a loading hatch (10) and through a pipe (11) located on the lid of the reactor-repulsator (9) is connected to the circulation tank of the aqueous phase (12) and a surfactant dispenser (13), the lower discharge pipe (14) of the repulpator reactor (9) is directed to a distribution column (15), which is connected to the oil (4) and water (5) phase collectors and the container ( 6) a solid phase technologically associated with a high-speed three-phase centrifuge (3), having connections with collectors of oil (4) and aqueous (5) phases and a circulating tank of circulating water (12), the discharge unit (16) of the centrifuge is connected to the loading hatch (17) of the reactor-extractor with a stirrer (18), which has a connection to the dispenser ( 19) and a circulation tank-collector (20) of organic solvents - volatile oil fractions, a pipe (21) of the lower drain of the reextractor (18) is connected to a vacuum filter (22), the drain (23) of the liquid phase from which is directed to the circulation tank collector (20), and the unloading device (24) is connected to a mixer (25), to which a doser (26) of ground carbonate and / or calcium oxide is connected, the entrance to which is directed from a storage tank (26-1), the mixer has a connection to a heat treatment device (7), which is installed a calcining furnace with a furnace (27) having a connection with oil phase collectors (4) and a circulation tank-collector (20) of organic solvents, the unloading unit (28) has a connection through a conveyor (29) with a collection tank (8) of calcined products.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUGGESTED USEFUL MODEL

The proposed utility model - "Industrial installation for the processing of oil sludge" operates and is operated as follows.

The initial oil sludge from the collection tank (1) is loaded for repulping and extracting oil products from the solid phase into the heated

a reactor-repulpator (9), into which recycled water is preliminarily filled (pumped) —from the collector (5) and the circulation tank (12). To intensify the processes of separation of the solid phase, oil products and water, surfactants (surfactants) are supplied to the repulpator reactor (9) from a dispenser (13) connected to a block (2) for preparing surfactant solutions. The suspension formed in the reactor-repulpator (9) is heated, stirred, and after a certain time determined by the characteristics of the separation processes, the suspension is sent to a separation column (15), in which the oil and water phases are separated and separated in the form of a solid phase precipitate. The suspension in the separation column is maintained until the phases are completely separated at the column height, after which the oil products are collected in a collection tank (4), the aqueous phase is collected in a collection tank (5), and the solid phase in the form of a wet precipitate is discharged into containers (6), from where these sediments are sent into a high-speed three-phase centrifuge (3), on which the sludge is dehydrated and the oil phase is partially separated, which is collected in the collection (4), and the aqueous phase - in the collection (5). The dehydrated sludge through the discharge unit (16) of the centrifuge (9) is directed (loaded) through the loading hatch (17) into the heated reactor-extractor (18), into which it is preliminarily filled from the batcher (19) and the circulation tank (20) ( downloaded) a certain amount - up to 60% of the volume of the reactor-stripper of organic solvents - volatile oil fractions.

The suspension in the reactor-reextractor is heated and stirred, which ensures the transition from the surface of the solid particles of oil sludge of tarry, strongly adsorbed oil fractions into organic solvents. The suspension is then fed to a vacuum filter (22), where the solid and liquid (oil) phases are separated, which is pumped into the circulation tank (20) and then used again for reextraction during processing of another batch of oil sludge. To avoid excessive accumulation in resinous solvents in working solvents

fractions, part of the solvent from the circulation tank-collector (20) through the dispenser (19) is removed from the process and sent to the collection (4) of oil products recovered at the first stage of oil sludge processing. After "squeezing" the sludge on a vacuum filter (22), this sludge is discharged using a discharge device (24) and sent to a mixer (25), which is also loaded from a batcher (26) and a storage and storage tank (26-1 ), ground carbonate and / or calcium oxide. The resulting composite mixture is thoroughly mixed and then fed to a calcining furnace (7). Heating in which flue gases occur - with an open flame from a furnace (27) connected to a collection of oil products (4), homogenized calcined products - cement clinker is discharged from a calcining furnace (7) through a discharge unit (28) to a conveyor (29) and into the collection tank (8) and sent to the warehouse, where the resulting marketable products and / or intermediate products are shipped to consumers.

Claims (1)

Industrial plant for oil sludge processing, including a collection tank for the initial oil sludge, a tank for the preparation of surfactant solutions, a high-speed centrifuge, oil and water phase collectors, containers for the solid phase, a heat treatment device, a collection of heat-treated materials, pipelines, pumps and shut-off valves -regulating armature, characterized in that the receiving tank is connected to a heated reactor-repulator with a stirrer having a loading hatch and through a pipe to, located on the lid of the repulpator reactor connected to the circulating tank of the aqueous phase and the surfactant dispenser, the lower discharge pipe of the repulpator is directed to a distribution column connected to oil and water phase collectors and a solid phase container technologically connected with a high-speed three-phase centrifuge having connections with oil and water phase collectors and a circulating tank of circulating water, the discharge unit of the centrifuge is connected to the loading port of the reactor -extractor with a mixer, connected to a dispenser and a circulation tank-collector of organic solvents - volatile oil fractions, the lower discharge pipe of the reextractor reactor is connected to a vacuum filter, the discharge of the liquid phase from which is directed to the circulation tank-collector, and the discharge device has a connection with a mixer, to which a batcher of ground carbonate and / or calcium oxide is connected, the entrance to which is directed from a storage tank, the mixer has a connection to a device for thermal treatment works, in which a calcination furnace is installed with a furnace having a connection with oil phase collectors and a circulation tank collecting organic solvents, the discharge unit has a connection through a conveyor with an assembly tank of calcined products.