RU79508U1 - LATER FRAME OF THE THREE-ELEMENT CAR TRUCK - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to railway transport and relates to three-element carts of freight cars. In order to increase the fatigue strength of the side frame of the trolley in the areas of metal accumulation, which leads to the formation of casting defects, thermal units are artificially formed, which ensure, during the production of castings, the installation of easily detachable direct power profits with diaphragm rods, preferably heated by exothermic mixtures. As a result, the fatigue strength of the frame in the zone of characteristic damage is significantly increased.

Description

The utility model relates to railway transport and relates to three-element carts of freight cars.

In railway freight transport, three-element trolleys with one or two-stage spring suspension, which use cast side frames, are widely used as running gears of wagons. Such designs include, for example, Motion Control M-976 Truck System (USA), QCZ56 (China), ICF i MD45 / 52 (Germany), 18-100, 18-131, 18-578, 18-579, 18 -194-1 (Russia) and 18-4129, 18-4129-01, 18-7020, 18-7033, 18-755, 18-781, 18-1711 (Ukraine), etc.

Starting from the side frames of the UVZ carts [1], TsNII-X3-0 [2] and their modifications [3, 4, 5, 6 and 7] and ending with the latest developments [8 and 9], the distinguishing feature of the side frames is their implementation in in the form of one steel casting, in the middle part of which there is an opening for the central spring set, and at the ends - openings (open or closed on the sides) for axle boxes of wheel sets. Vertical columns of the central spring aperture, inclined belts and the upper belt form technological holes of a triangular shape symmetrically located relative to the transverse axis of the frame with rounded corners. These holes provide the opportunity to inspect the brake pads and remove the checks that hold the brake pads to the shoes of the triangel, replacing the brake pads during operation of the bogies.

The upper belt in the area of the opening for the central spring set has a closed oval-shaped cross section with local holes on the lower edge. In the area of the technological hole, it has a trough-like shape with some bending inside the ends of the shelves, and in the section of the axle openings - a rectangular closed section.

The cross-section of the vertical columns of the opening for the central spring set of side frames are trough-shaped with some bending inside the ends of the shelves in the area of the technological hole. Inclined belts have a box-shaped section from the lower corner of the opening for the central spring set to the beginning of the technological hole, and then a trough-like shape with some bend inside the ends of the shelves in the section of the technological hole.

The horizontal section of the lower opening zone for the central spring set has a closed box section. On the sides adjoin the shelves, creating a supporting surface for installing the springs of the central spring set and, from the side of the brackets

for suspension of triangels, which are supports for the tips of three angels in case of suspension breakage.

Beams with such a profile of the supporting surface for installing the central spring kit are well resistant to bending and torsion. However, the internal angle of the axle box opening has insufficient strength [12], despite the fact that it is reinforced with a rectangular shape with an edge located tangent to the radius of conjugation of the inclined belt with the upper horizontal belt.

The design of the node of transition of the lower belt into the vertical columns of the aperture for central spring suspension, despite the presence of an internal inclined rib, which is a continuation of the upper shelf of the lower belt and connecting the side walls of the columns, also has insufficient strength.

As a rule, attempts to strengthen these zones boil down to an increase in the thickness of the mating elements, and a large accumulation of metal is obtained, the so-called thermal nodes [11]. In thermal nodes, the metal hardens more slowly than in thinner mating elements, which contributes to the occurrence of shrinkage shells, porosity and hot cracks.

The results of fatigue strength tests of the frames of the side three-element carts [10] and the operating experience of the carts model 18-100 (TsNII-X3-0) show that the most frequent damage (cracks) occurs in the inner corners of the axle box opening (55 mm in radius) [12 ] and the lower corners of the opening for the central spring kit from the side of the brackets for hanging the triangels.

In connection with the transition of the railways to the operation of freight wagons of increased carrying capacity, increasing the fatigue strength of the side frames of bogies becomes relevant.

There are various designs of the side frames of the freight wagon trolleys (US 5305694, US 5481986, US 5718177, US 6125767, US 6543367, RU 2116921, RU 41687, UA 8939, RU 65006), in the construction of which these or other methods are used to increase the strength of the most damaged in operation zones.

Also known is the side frame (Fig. 1) of a freight car truck (RU 2294855 C1) comprising an upper and lower belt, two inclined belts connecting the upper and lower belts. In the zone of connection of the lower belt with each inclined belt made ribs. One rib (2) is located in the lower part of the inclined belt from the periphery to the center, the other rib (4) is along the curved part of the spring opening in the zone of articulation of the lower belt with the columns of the central spring opening. And the third rib (5) is made as a continuation of the support platform for the spring kit. Symmetrically relative to the central plane of the frame in the zones of convergence of the ribs formed protrusions (6), combining the ribs and mating with their side surfaces. Protrusions

made not protruding into the central spring opening. It is assumed that due to the presence of protrusions connecting the ribs with the side surfaces, the reliability of the structure will increase and the safety factor of fatigue along the lower corner of the spring opening will increase.

The closest analogue of the utility model is the side frame of a railway trolley (SU 1135684 A), which includes upper and lower belts connected to each other by vertical columns and inclined belts. The horizontal super-slip sections of the upper zone, equipped with the jaws of the axle box opening, are connected with inclined belts. In this case, the side walls at the junction of the over-box sections with inclined belts (Fig. 1) are reinforced with flat protruding ribs (1) of a rectangular shape equal to the thickness of the side wall and located tangentially to the radius of conjugation of the over-section and the inclined belt, etc.

The disadvantages of the above analogues, including the closest analogue, are the insufficient fatigue strength of the frame in the areas where stress concentrators are located: in the inner corner of the axle box opening and in the lower corner of the spring opening at the interface between the vertical columns and the lower belt. This is due to the fact that additional ribs (1) in the axle box and protrusions (6) in the lower corners of the central spring opening increase the total mass of metal (thermal unit [11]) in these areas, which in practice leads to the appearance of internal defects (shrinkage shells and porosity, emerging on the surface of the site, cracks and other defects).

Thus, the expected effect of the presence of ribs and protrusions in the vast majority of cases with mass production of frames is not guaranteed, but increases the mass of metal in these areas.

The objective of the utility model is to increase the reliability of the frame design, increase the safety factor of fatigue resistance by increasing the strength properties of those frame units where thermal units are created, leading to the occurrence of internal casting defects.

In the claimed utility model, the task of increasing reliability and increasing the safety factor of fatigue resistance is solved by a combination of the following essential features.

The side frame (figure 2) contains an upper closed-section belt (7) with jaws (8 and 9) forming axle openings (10), a closed closed lower belt (11) with a support platform (28) for a spring set. The upper and lower zones are interconnected by two vertical columns (13) of an open c-shaped profile, forming an aperture (14) of a central spring suspension, and two inclined belts (15) of a closed section form technological windows (16) of triangular shape with rounded corners.

In the inner corner of the axle box opening, where in the joint zone of the lower flange of the upper girdle, the lower flange of the inclined girdle and the vertical wall of the inner jaw (9), a large cluster is created along the length of the vertical wall (24) of the inner jaw than the width of the lower flange of the upper girdle metal, the so-called thermal unit [11], leading to the emergence of internal casting defects. To prevent the occurrence of casting defects during cooling of the casting, the thermal unit, limited by the width of the vertical wall of the inner jaw, is extended on both sides of the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the frame over the entire width of the upper belt (7) in the vicinity of the axle box opening plus a protrusion beyond the width of the upper belt by a " Thus, a new thermal unit is formed, conventionally shown in FIG. 3 as a cylinder (19) symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the frame, inscribed in the thickened part of the casting formed by mating elements. The protruding parts of the thermal unit are adjacent to the sections of the upper (17) and inclined (18) belts, the length of which is 1.5 ... 2 thicknesses in the zone adjacent to the thermal unit. Sections (17) and (18) smoothly, at an angle of about 45 ° pass into the vertical walls, respectively, of the upper (7) and inclined (15) belts. The value "a" of the protrusion of the thermal unit (19) relative to the width of the upper belt (7) is symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the frame on both sides, is defined as half the difference between the diameter of the circle inscribed in the thermal unit multiplied by a factor equal to or less than 7 and the width of the upper belt (7) in the area of the thermal unit. The described design of the thermal unit creates the conditions for use in the manufacture of castings of easily separable direct power profits with diaphragm rods, mainly heated by exothermic mixtures. It was proved [11] that in this case, shrinkage porosity, cracks, and other casting defects are eliminated.

In the connection zone (figure 4) of the upper shelf (25) of the lower belt (11), forming the supporting surface of the spring set (28), with each vertical wall (26) of the columns (13) and the upper shelves (27) of the inclined belts (15) a large accumulation of metal is created, the so-called thermal unit [11], which leads to the occurrence of internal casting defects. To prevent the occurrence of casting defects during cooling of the casting, the thermal unit (23), limited by the width of the lower belt (11) of the frame, is extended in the direction opposite to the brackets for hanging the triangels by a value of "b". The protruding part (figure 2) of the newly formed thermal unit (23) adjoins the sections of the vertical wall (21) of the columns (13), the upper shelf (22) of the inclined belt (15) and the upper shelf (20) of the lower belt (11). The length of adjacent sections (21), (22) and (20) is equal to 1.5 ... 2 thicknesses in the zone of adjacency to the thermal unit (23). And then (Fig. 4), they smoothly, at an angle of about 45 ° pass into the vertical walls (26), the upper shelf (27) and the support shelf of the spring kit (25).

The value “b” of the protrusion of the thermal unit (23) relative to the width of the lower belt (11) is not symmetrical about the longitudinal axis of the frame in the direction opposite to the brackets of the triangel suspension, is defined as the difference between the diameter of the circle inscribed in the thermal unit multiplied by a factor equal to or less than 7, and the width of the lower zone (11) in the area of the thermal unit. The described design of the thermal unit creates the conditions for use in the manufacture of castings of easily separable direct power profits with diaphragm rods, mainly heated by exothermic mixtures. It was proved [11] that in this case, shrinkage porosity, cracks, and other casting defects are eliminated.

The technical result obtained by using the utility model is achieved by creating conditions for application in the manufacture of castings of easily separable direct feed profits with diaphragm rods, preferably heated by exothermic mixtures. It was proved [11] that in this case, shrinkage porosity, cracks, and other casting defects are eliminated. The result is a high density of metal in thermal nodes. Thus, the fatigue strength of the side frame of the trolley increases, and the prerequisites for its long-term (at least 32 years) operation are created.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 shows a General view of the side frame with axle openings of the open type from the side opposite the brackets of the suspension of the triangel, combining the hallmarks of analogues;

figure 2 is a General view of the side frame with axle openings of the open type from the side opposite to the suspension brackets of the triangel, with thermal units in the area of the upper node of the axle opening and the lower corner of the central spring opening;

figure 3 is a view of the axle box opening of the frame lateral in section, passing through the longitudinal vertical plane of the frame and a plane perpendicular to it, passing through the longitudinal axis of the thermal unit;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the lower corner of the opening for central spring suspension of the side frame along the longitudinal axis of the heat unit and the upper shelf of the inclined belt across the lower frame belt.

Information sources:

1. Wagons edited by MV Vinokurov. Transzheldorizdat, 1953, pp. 215-216, Fig. 186.

2. L.A. Shadur., I.I. Chelnokov, L.N. Nikolsky, E.N. Nikolsky and other cars. "Transport", 1965, pp. 147-148, Fig. 100.

3. Railway trolley. FSUE "PO Uralvagonzavod" Patent RU 42992 U1

4. Truck wagon. OJSC Altaivagonzavod. Patent RU 2224673 C2

5. Cart of a railway carriage. State Unitary Enterprise "PO Uralvagonzavod". Patent RU 2200681 C2

6. Railway freight trolley for higher speeds. FSUE "TsKB TM". Patent RU 39558 U1.

7. Biaxial trolley for freight railway cars with a gauge of 1520 mm. GUP "UO VNIIZHT". Patent RU 42991 U1.

8. Biaxial trolley of a freight car. JSC "Kryukovsky Carriage Works" (UA). Patent RU 2246416 C2.

9. The biaxial cart for freight cars of the main railways. Radzikhovsky A.A. (UA), Voronovich V.P. (RU). Patent RU 54347 U1.

10. Protocol No. 597 of type 29 of a redstone 2006 p. rapid viprovan on the second of the above-the-beam girders (armchair 4129.00.001) and the side frames (armchair 4129.00.002). EC PV UkrNDIV, 2006.

11. Vasilevsky P.F. Steel casting technology. M., "Engineering", 1974, 408 S.

12. Pour as necessary. Buzzer, No. 60 (24053) from 04/08/2008.

Claims (5)

1. The side frame of a three-element trolley, made in the form of a steel casting, contains an upper closed-section belt with jaws forming axle openings, a closed closed lower belt with a support platform for a spring set; the upper and lower belts are interconnected by two vertical columns of an open c-shaped profile, forming an opening of a central spring suspension, and two inclined belts of a closed section, forming technological windows of a triangular shape with rounded corners; thermal nodes are formed in the inner corners of the axle openings, protruding on both sides of the vertical walls of the upper frame belt, to which sections of the upper and inclined belts adjoin, which smoothly at an angle of about 45 ° pass into the vertical walls of the upper and inclined belts, and in the connection zone of the lower of the belt with each vertical column formed by thermal nodes protruding relative to the vertical wall of the lower belt from the side opposite to the brackets for hanging the triangels, to which adjacent sections of the vertical the walls of the columns, the upper flange of the inclined belt and the upper flange of the lower flange, which smoothly pass at an angle of about 45 ° into the vertical walls, the upper flange and the support flange of the spring kit, characterized in that thermal nodes are formed in the zones of metal accumulation, the length of which exceeds the width side frames in the areas of the location of thermal units. 2. The lateral frame of the three-element trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal units in the inner corners of the axle openings are symmetrical about the longitudinal axis of the frame and their length is greater than the width of the upper frame belt, and the protrusion from the vertical wall of the upper belt is defined as half the difference between the diameter of the circle inscribed in the thermal unit, multiplied by a coefficient equal to or less than 7, and the width of the upper zone in the area of the thermal unit. 3. The lateral frame of the three-element trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal nodes of the lower corners of the central spring opening are asymmetric with respect to the longitudinal axis of the frame and their protrusion from the vertical wall of the lower frame belt is determined as the difference between the diameter of the circle inscribed in the thermal node multiplied by a coefficient equal to or less than 7, and the width of the lower zone in the area of the thermal unit. 4. The lateral frame of the three-element trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that the elements adjacent to the thermal nodes are extensions of the walls and shelves of the thermal node forming the length equal to 1.5 ... 2 of their thicknesses, and then smoothly at an angle approximately 45 ° pass into their constituent elements. 5. The lateral frame of the three-element trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that the end surfaces of the thermal units are parallel to the side walls of the frame and allow the installation of easily detachable direct power profits with diaphragm rods, preferably heated by exothermic mixtures.