RU77874U1 - BUTT LAYER RAIL JOINING - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, in particular, to improving the design of the butt joints of rails, and can be used in devices with rolling guides.

The lap joint of the rails includes butt pads, bolted joints of the pads with rails, ledges in the end parts of the rails with flat longitudinal surfaces located in the plane of symmetry of the axes of the heads, necks and soles of the rails, and flat transverse surfaces perpendicular to the longitudinal surfaces, contains elastic elements placed in the sinuses of rails and pads between the bolt rods of bolted joints and in contact with the necks of the rails in the area of the longitudinal surfaces of the ledges, and in the areas of the bolt new connections - with the surfaces of the sinus pads. Such a device for connecting rails provides a decrease in the wear rate of the longitudinal surfaces of the ledges at the junction of the rails, as well as a decrease in the power shock-dynamic effect of the wheel and the rail.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of engineering, in particular, to improving the design of the butt joints of rails, and can be used in devices with rolling guides.

Known butt joints of rails with two-headed plates with the ends of the rails, perpendicularly cut in relation to the longitudinal axis of the rail. Slips are placed in the axils of the rails. The necks of the plates are pulled together by bolted joints, while the forces from tightening the butt bolts are transferred to the rail heads, which create a vertical extension of the rails of the rails. When a wheel passes a rail junction, these forces add up to shock loads, which leads to fatigue rupture of the rail necks near the bolt holes at the junction (see. "Path and safety of train traffic" / V.I. Bolotin et al. // Ed. V. Ya.Shulgi. M.: Transport, 1994. S. 67-68). A disadvantage of the known designs of butt joints of rails with overlays is that their device does not provide straightness within the permissible limits of the ends of the rails under loads in the conditions of operation of the railway track. The curvature of the ends of the rails leads to the destruction of the rail heads at the junction, to the fatigue rupture of the necks of the rails (see "Railway track and rolling stock for high speeds" / A.F. Zolotarsky et al. // Edited by M.A. Chernyshev M.: Transport, 1964. S.96-101).

Known butt joint of rails overlap, including butt pads, bolted joints of pads with rails, ledges in the end parts of rails with flat longitudinal surfaces located in the plane of symmetry of the axes of the heads, necks and soles of the rails, and

flat transverse surfaces perpendicular to the longitudinal surfaces (see G. Shakhunyants. Railway: textbook / G.M. Shahunyants. 2nd ed., revised and additional M .: Transport, 1969. S.220-223) . When passing the butt cavity, the wheel rolling surface interacts simultaneously with the heads in the end parts of the receiving and giving rails. This helps to reduce the impact of the wheel on the rails.

However, when the wheel’s surface approaches the ledge of the receiving rail, the deflection of the rail, the wheel interacts with the ledge of the giving rail, and transverse forces arise, which tend to push the rails in the joint zone. This effect is especially dangerous when weakening the efforts of bolted joints of rails with plates. There is a transverse shift of the longitudinal surfaces of the ledges and their crushing. This reduces the bearing capacity of the butt joint lap, increases the shock-dynamic effect of the wheel and rail.

The technical result, the achievement of which is directed to a utility model, is to increase the bearing capacity of the butt joint of the rails lap in the face of an increase in the load on the axis of the freight car and an increase in the speed of the rolling stock.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the butt joint of the rails overlapping, including the butt plates, bolted joints of the plates with rails, ledges in the end parts of the rails with flat longitudinal surfaces located in the plane of symmetry of the axes of the heads, necks and soles of the rails, and flat transverse surfaces perpendicular longitudinal surfaces, contains elastic elements placed in the axils of the rails and linings between the bolt rods of the bolted joints and in contact with the rails region of the longitudinal surfaces of ledges, and in zones bolting - with surfaces lining the sinuses.

Figure 1 shows a top view of the butt joint of the rails of the lap with a local cut, revealing the elastic element in the area of bolt fastening of the rails. Figure 2 shows a cross-section of a lap joint of rails - section AA in figure 1, rotated 90 °.

The butt joint of the rails includes the end parts 1 and 2 of the rails with ledges 3 and 4, made in the form of flat longitudinal surfaces 5 in the plane of symmetry of the rail heads and transverse surfaces 6 and 7, perpendicular to flat surfaces, bolt fasteners 8 and 9 of rails 1 and 2 with overlays 10 and 11. In the axils of the rails and pads between the bolt rods are elastic elements 12 and 13.

When installing the linings, the sinus plates fix the symmetrical position of the elastic elements relative to the axes of the bolt bolt joints, and the bolt rods determine the position of the elastic elements along the end parts of the rails. When fastening rails with plates with bolted joints, the plates deform the elastic elements, compress the longitudinal surfaces of the ledges of the end parts of the rails. The gaps between the transverse surfaces of the ledges are sufficient for temperature changes in the lengths of the ends of the rails.

When the railway wheel approaches the ledges and the butt joint lap, friction forces in the contacting longitudinal surfaces of the ledges when exposed to elastic elements reduce the relative vertical displacements of the longitudinal surfaces of the ledges. This reduces the effect of transverse forces tending to push the rails in the area of the butt joint.

Such a constructive device of a butt joint of rails overlapping provides a decrease in the intensity of wear of the longitudinal surfaces of the ledges in the junction of the rails, as well as a decrease in the force of shock-dynamic action of the wheel and the rail.

Claims (1)

A lap joint of rails, including butt pads, bolt joints of rails and rails, ledges in the end parts of rails with flat longitudinal surfaces located in the plane of symmetry of the axes of the heads, necks and soles of the rails, and flat transverse surfaces perpendicular to the longitudinal surfaces, characterized in that contains elastic elements placed in the axils of the rails and linings between the bolt rods of bolted joints and in contact with the necks of the rails in the region of the longitudinal surfaces second ledges, and in zones bolting - with surfaces lining the sinuses.