RU75534U1 - DEVICE FOR CUTTING ROLLS OF SENAGE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to a method for preparing haylage rolls for grinding, mixing with feed and a device for its implementation.

The technical result that can be achieved using the proposed method is to increase productivity and reduce energy consumption by grinding silage bales using choppers-mixers-feed distributors, due to violation of the integrity of the surface most dense and connected layers of the roll.

A device for cutting haylage rolls (see Fig. 1) consists of a knife 1, including a blade 2 attached to a knife blade 3 with screws 4. The knife 1 is pivotally mounted on the frame 5 and is fixed by a brace 6 (l = 150 mm.) At an angle α = 10-12 °, providing a cutting process with sliding and cutting the roll of haylage to a depth of 20-30 cm. (See figure 1). On the frame 5 there are two guides 7 (see Fig. 3) that hold and guide the haylage roll during cutting in the center of the frame 5 where the knife 1 is located (see Fig. 2). To give rigidity to the frame 5, the cross member 8 and the scarf 9 are welded (see figure 2). The longitudinal and transverse movement of the frame 5 when cutting the silage roll is limited by the side faces 10 of the stop 11, dug into the ground 12 to a depth of 50 cm. To fix the frame 5 in the stop 11, the rear wall of the frame 5 has a groove 13 profile and the size of which corresponds to the profile and size of the stop 11. The emphasis 11 has a square cross-section (see figure 2), which is fixed at the rear by a strap 14 and bolts 15 (see figure 1). To attach to the tractor (not shown in FIG.), When moving to another aft platform, transport earring 16 is attached to frame 5.

In the process of cutting the haylage roll, the tractor 17 holds the tilter 18, the haylage roll 19 above the knife 1 (see figure 3)

A device for cutting rolls of haylage works as follows.

Tractor 17 aggregated with a loader of rolls and tilter 18 accurately, captures the roll of silage 19 from the stack over the lateral cylindrical surfaces. Tractor 17 carries a roll of haylage 19, without removing the packaging film to the device installed on the aft platform. The knife 1 is fixed by a brace 6 which provides an angle α = 10-12 ° to the surface of the aft platform. With the front part of the lower generatrix of the cylindrical surface, the haylage roll 19 is lowered by the tilter 18 onto two guides 7 and the base of the knife 1. By translational movement of the tractor 17 with the tilter 18, the haylage roll 19 moves along the knife 1 parallel to the frame 5, which ensures the destruction of the integrity of the surface layer of the haylage roll 19 in the lower its parts. Tractor 17, driving over the device, cuts the roll of haylage 19 to a depth (25-30 cm). Before loading into the chopper-mixer-distributor of feeds, the tilter 18 lowers the roll of haylage 19 on the surface of the feeding platform and remove the packaging film and twine. Loaded into the grinder-mixer-distributor of feed by the tilter 18.

Fig. 3

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Description

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to a method for preparing haylage rolls for grinding, mixing with feed and a device for its implementation.

The level of technology.

A known method of cutting and loading silage and haylage and a device for its implementation comprising the following operations: a tractor mounted on it with a rotary boom, knife and bucket for loading the cut feed, drives up to the feed array. Sets the knife over the place where the feed will be cut. When cutting the feed, the bucket is installed vertically using a hydraulic pusher and the vibrator is turned on. When lowering the rotary boom down, the knife cuts off the feed mass layer. When the boom moves again from top to bottom, this feed layer is cut into pieces by split knives. Then, with the help of hydraulic pushers, the knife is retracted, and the loading bucket forward, and the cut feed is loaded into the vehicle, (see AS USSR No. 370919, Cl. A01D 87/00)

The disadvantage of this method of cutting and loading silage and silage and the device for its implementation of this method is as follows: the impossibility of applying this method of cutting feed to cutting feed formed into rolls, high material consumption, difficulties in replacing working bodies.

A known method of preparing rolls of haylage and hay for grinding and a device for its implementation comprising the following operations: capture

a hay roll with a loader from the stack, laying on the aft platform or hay from the bottom with your fingers, transporting to the right place, cutting and removing the packaging film and twine manually. A tractor with a device mounted on the rear hitch captures the roll with the lower fingers that are mounted on the device frame. The cutting of the roll is carried out with a knife, consisting of segments riveted to the roller chain, lowered by means of a hydraulic cylinder, which is connected by a hose to the tractor hydraulic system. The drive to the knife goes through a bevel gear, the driveshaft from the tractor PTO shaft picks up the cut roll by the loader and loads it into the chopper (see "Hay Knife" // Rural Machine Operator 1991, No. 7 p.14).

The disadvantages of this method of preparing hay and hay rolls for grinding and the device for implementing this method: when cutting the roll, the knife (saw chain) is clogged with stalk material, the knife segments are jammed in the hay mass. The impossibility of loading the cut roll into the grinder without an additional loader, a sufficiently large material consumption of the structure, the complexity of the design, the use of manual labor when cutting packaging materials.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect and adopted by the authors for the prototype is a method for preliminary preparation of a roll of haylage packed in a film, as well as hay rolls and a device for its implementation, which includes the following operations: grab the roll from the stack with a loader, laying it on the surface of the aft platform. The roll is gripped by horizontal teeth that are mounted on the lower beam of the frame. The roll is cut with an active knife, which is mounted on two side racks. The knife has eyes in which two double-acting hydraulic cylinders are pivotally fixed. For mounting on a loader or on the rear linkage of the tractor, the frame is equipped with brackets. Before loading, the knife rises to the upper position and the packaging film and strapping twine are removed, loading a portion of the roll into the chopper-mixer-distributor of feed by the loader.

(see http://www.mammut.at/start.htm "MAMMUT").

The disadvantage of this method of preliminary preparation of a roll of haylage packed in a film, as well as hay rolls and devices for implementing this method is the complexity and material consumption of the structure, the use of hydraulic equipment and the need for great effort when cutting the roll.

Disclosure of the invention.

The objective of the invention is: the development of an easy-to-use method of preparing haylage rolls for grinding, mixing with other feeds and a device for its implementation, providing increased productivity and reducing the energy consumption of the process of grinding haylage rolls using choppers-mixers-feed distributors

The technical result that can be achieved using the proposed method and device for its implementation is to increase productivity and reduce energy consumption by grinding silage bales when using choppers-mixers-feed distributors, due to violation of the integrity of the surface most dense and connected layers of the roll.

The technical result is achieved in that a device for cutting haylage rolls containing a frame with a knife while two guides are fixed to the frame, and the knife is pivotally mounted in the center of the frame with an emphasis at an angle α = 10-12 °, while the latter is installed with the possibility of depth adjustment cutting of a silage roll by 20-30 cm.

The essence of the proposed method lies in the fact that the method of preparing haylage rolls for grinding, mixing with feed, including feeding the haylage roll to the knife, while cutting the haylage roll is done by moving the haylage roll itself, along the knife along the guides to a depth of 20-30 cm.

A brief description of the drawings.

Figure 1 presents a General view of the device for cutting rolls of high density (side view).

Figure 2 shows a General view of the device for cutting rolls of high density (top view).

Figure 3 shows a scheme for cutting a roll.

The implementation of the invention.

A device for cutting haylage rolls (see Fig. 1) consists of a knife 1, including a blade 2 attached to a knife blade 3 with screws 4. The knife 1 is pivotally mounted on the frame 5 and is fixed by a brace 6 (l = 150 mm.) At an angle α = 10-12 °, providing a cutting process with sliding and cutting the roll of haylage to a depth of 20-30 cm. (See figure 1). On the frame 5 there are two guides 7 (see Fig. 3) that hold and guide the haylage roll during cutting in the center of the frame 5 where the knife 1 is located (see Fig. 2). To give rigidity to the frame 5, the cross member 8 and the scarf 9 are welded (see figure 2). The longitudinal and transverse movement of the frame 5 when cutting the silage roll is limited by the side faces 10 of the stop 11, dug into the soil 12 to a depth of 50 cm. To fix the frame 5 in the stop 11, the rear wall of the frame 5 has a groove 13 profile and the size of which corresponds to the profile and size of the stop 11. The emphasis 11 has a square cross-section (see figure 2), which is fixed at the rear by a strap 14 and bolts 15 (see figure 1). To attach to the tractor (not shown in FIG.), When moving to another aft platform, transport earring 16 is attached to frame 5.

In the process of cutting the haylage roll, the tractor 17 holds the tilter 18, the haylage roll 19 above the knife 1 (see figure 3)

A device for cutting rolls of haylage works as follows.

To prepare the device for cutting hay bales for work, it is necessary: to transport the device to the place of work by attaching it to the tractor

17 transport earring 16, set the frame 5 parallel to the site and secure it in the emphasis 11, strap 14 (see figure 1). Check the sharpness of the blade 2 which is attached to the blade 3 with screws 4. If necessary, sharpen the blade 2.

Tractor 17 aggregated with a loader of rolls and tilter 18 accurately, captures the roll of silage 19 from the stack over the lateral cylindrical surfaces. Tractor 17 carries a roll of haylage 19, without removing the packaging film to the device installed on the aft platform. The knife 1 is fixed by a brace 6 which provides an angle α = 10-12 ° to the surface of the aft platform. With the front part of the lower generatrix of the cylindrical surface, the haylage roll 19 is lowered by the tilter 18 onto two guides 7 and the base of the knife 1. By translating the tractor 17 with the tilter 18, the haylage roll 19 moves along the knife 1 parallel to the frame 5, thereby destroying the integrity of the surface layer of the haylage roll 19 in the lower its parts. Tractor 17, driving over the device, cuts the roll of haylage 19 to a depth (25-30 cm). Before loading into the chopper-mixer-distributor of feeds, the tilter 18 lowers the roll of haylage 19 on the surface of the feeding platform and remove the packaging film and twine. Loaded into the grinder-mixer-distributor of feed by the tilter 18.

Examples of specific performance of the method of preparing haylage rolls for grinding, mixing with feed.

Example 1

Tractor 17 aggregated with a loader of rolls and tilter 18 accurately, captures the roll of silage 19 from the stack over the lateral cylindrical surfaces. Tractor 17 carries a roll of haylage 19, without removing the packaging film to the device installed on the aft platform. The knife 1 is fixed in the lower position, i.e. parallel to the surface of the feed platform. The front of the lower generatrix of the cylindrical surface of the roll

the silage 19 is lowered by the tilter 18 on the guides and the base of the knife 1 (see figure 3). By translational movement of the tractor 17 with the tilter 18, the haylage roll 19 moves along the knife 1 parallel to the frame 5, which ensures the destruction of the integrity of the surface layer of the haylage roll 19 in its lower part. Tractor 17, driving over the device, cuts the roll of haylage 19 to a depth equal to the height of knife 1 (120 mm). Before loading into the chopper-mixer-distributor of feeds, the tilter 18 lowers the roll of haylage 19 on the surface of the feeding platform and remove the packaging film and twine. Download into the grinder-mixer-distributor of feed using tilter 18.

The disadvantage of this embodiment of the method are: the need for a lot of effort on the roll of haylage and cutting the roll of haylage occurs to an insufficient depth (less than 10 cm),

Example 2, carried out analogously to example 1, but we change the angle of inclination of the knife 1. Knife 1 is fixed by a slant 6 length, which is 130 mm, at an angle α = 10 ° to the surface of the aft platform, while the haylage roll 19 is cut to a depth of 25-28 cm .

Example 3. carried out analogously to example 1. but we change the angle of inclination of the knife 1. Knife 1 is fixed by a slant 6 length, which is 380 mm., At an angle α = 25 ° to the surface of the aft platform, while the roll of haylage 19 is cut to a depth of 60-70 cm.

The disadvantage of this embodiment of the method lies in the fact that the process of cutting a roll requires a large expenditure of energy and cutting occurs with collapse.

Example 4 is carried out analogously to example 1. but we change the angle of inclination of the knife 1. Knife 1 is fixed by a slant 6 length, which is 550 mm, at an angle α = 35 ° to the surface of the aft platform, while the roll of haylage 19 is cut to a depth (70-80 cm )

The disadvantage of this embodiment of the method is that the process of cutting a roll requires a large expenditure of energy. Destruction

stems occurs due to their crushing and breaking, and not cutting with sliding.

Thus, as a result of experiments on the use of the method, it was found that Example 2 of the implementation of the proposed method is the most acceptable, since it ensures cutting of the silage roll to a predetermined depth (20-30 cm) with the least energy and less time.

Features of the use of choppers-mixers-feed distributors for grinding rolls of high density.

Work on loading, grinding, mixing and distributing stalked feed from high density rolls (haylage in film packaging) as part of multicomponent mixtures has its own characteristics. The use of single-screw vertical mixers for these purposes using the example of KIS-8 showed the unsuitability of this option. This chopper is not suitable for working with rolls weighing 650-700 kg, because its rated load capacity is 500 kg. The experiments conducted on the farm to them. Voroshilov, Trunovsky district, showed that even when cutting the haylage in half, the quality of the KIS-8 shredders is not satisfactory: the duration of grinding the mass to particles with a size of 20-50 mm is 9-12 minutes, while 10-15% of the feed is thrown from the hopper.

When using grinder-mixers with two horizontal screws such as ISRK-12, it is possible to grind whole rolls of haylage, however, as shown by us on the collective farm named after Voroshilov Trunovsky district and the collective farm "Russia" Novoaleksandrovsky district production experiments, the duration of grinding the roll to particles of 20-50 mm is 14-15 minutes. Moreover, most of the time is spent on the initial destruction of the surface layer and the collapse of the roll (9-12 minutes) and only then does the intensive process of grinding and mixing the feed take place (another 4-6 minutes). At the same time, it takes 6-8 minutes to grind more loose rolls of hay. Thus, grinding dense

hay bales shredder productivity is approximately halved compared to shredding hay bales.

Given the high cost of combined grinders, mixers, feed distributors, there is a problem of intensification of the process of grinding high density silage bales (up to 400 kg / m ³ ) to increase the productivity of the unit and reduce the cost of work. To solve this problem, we proposed a technological scheme of preparation and distribution of feed, including an additional operation - preliminary loosening (violation of the integrity of the surface layer) of the roll.

To justify the design of the device for preliminary cutting of rolls, we conducted experimental studies in a production environment.

The experiment was as follows. Hay rolls before grinding in the chopper-mixer-distributor of feed ISRK-12 "Owner" previously cut with a saw to a depth, respectively, 1/3 of the radius (23 cm), 2/3 of the radius (46 cm), radius (69 cm) with one sides of the cylinder and on both sides. After cutting, the rolls were immersed in the ISRK-12 bunker and crushed. During the experiment, the duration of the period from loading to complete loosening of the roll (absence of compressed aggregates in the hopper) was recorded, at this point samples were taken from the hopper, then sampling was carried out after 2, 4, 6 and 8 minutes. Sampling was carried out to assess the size composition of feed particles.

As a basic option, for comparison with other options, grinding of rolls in an ISRK-12 grinder is accepted without first cutting the surface layer.

1 - Basic, without cutting the roll;

2 - Cutting the roll on one side to a depth of 23 cm.

3 - Cutting the roll on both sides to a depth of 23 cm.

4 - Cutting a roll on one side to a depth of 46 cm

5 - Cutting the roll on both sides to a depth of 46 cm

6 - Cutting a roll on one side to a depth of 69 cm

7 - Cutting the roll on both sides to a depth of 69 cm.

As a result of the experiment, the duration of the destruction of the roll in the grinder-mixer-distributor of feed ISRK-12 was determined.

The experimental results are shown in table 1.

Table 1 Option Base one 2 3 four 5 6 Number of cut sides 0 one 2 one 2 one 2 Depth of Cut, m 0 0.23 0.46 0.69 The average duration of the destruction of the roll, min 11,4 4.3 3.9 3.8 3.3 3.6 3.2

Based on the data obtained, a graph of the duration of the destruction of the roll from the depth of its cutting from one or two sides is constructed (see Fig. 5).

Analysis of the obtained graph allows us to conclude that preliminary cutting of the roll to a depth of 25-30 cm significantly reduces the time for its subsequent destruction in the feed chopper-mixer (from 11.5 minutes to 4.0 ... 4.5 minutes). A further increase in the depth of preliminary cutting of the roll does not significantly affect the speed of its destruction. Practically does not increase the rate of destruction of the roll and the increase in the number of cuts from one to two.

The study of the dynamics of further grinding the roll to the desired fraction (not more than 50 mm) was carried out by us by sampling after 2, 4, 6 and 8 minutes, starting from the moment of destruction of its structure. The research results are shown in Appendix 1. Based on the data obtained, graphs of changes in the mass fraction of particles with a length of up to 10 cm and more than 20 cm in the total array of crushed feed from rolls are constructed (see Fig.6).

An analysis of the obtained graph allows us to conclude that after the complete destruction of the roll structure at all points of the experiment, the dynamics of the mass fraction of particles with sizes up to 10 cm and more than 20 cm, regardless of the degree of preliminary cutting of the roll, turned out to be close to the base case.

The process of grinding feed in rolls can be considered as two-stage: at the 1st stage, the roll structure is completely destroyed and only then the intensive grinding of the stems begins (2nd stage)

The effect of preliminary cutting of the silage roll takes place at the first stage of grinding the feed - when its structure is destroyed, and does not significantly affect the intensity of the second stage - direct grinding of the stems.

Thus, our studies have allowed us to draw conclusions about the feasibility of preliminary cutting high-density hay bales before grinding and mixing in grinder-mixers. Moreover, cutting the roll from one side to a depth of 25 ... 30 cm is enough. We used these conclusions to develop the design of the device for preliminary cutting of the roll.

When developing such a device, the following design requirements were observed:

- simplicity and low cost of construction;

- transportability;

- low energy intensity;

- ensuring the necessary depth of cut (at least 25 ... 30 cm);

- increasing the efficiency of the whole process of grinding, mixing and distribution of feed.

The proposed method of cutting and device for its implementation in comparison with the prototype and other known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- increasing the performance of choppers-mixers-feed distributors;

- reduction of energy costs during the operation of choppers-mixers-feed distributors;

- simplicity of design;

- low metal consumption.

Claims (1)

A device for cutting haylage rolls, comprising a frame with a knife, characterized in that two guides are fixed on the frame, and the knife is pivotally mounted in the center of the frame with an emphasis at an angle α = 10-12 °, while the latter is installed with the possibility of adjusting the depth of cut of the haylage roll 20-30 cm.