RU74030U1 - DEVICE FOR THE PROCESSING OF ORGANIC WASTE AGRICULTURE BY AN ENTOMOLOGICAL METHOD - Google Patents

Abstract

The device relates to agriculture and can be used in the processing of litter, manure and other livestock waste invertebrates. An entomological device for processing organic agricultural waste containing a rectangular tray and ventilation ducts along the opposite side walls of the tray; electric heating elements are located under the bottom of the tray to accurately control the temperature at each point, and the device is additionally equipped with a covering tent. The proposed device allows you to quickly go to the specified modes of cultivation, smoothly change and clearly maintain the parameters in a wide range of values, it is convenient to carry out visual and instrumental control, reduce the cultivation time, carry out all operations on the same equipment, use modern corrosion-resistant materials.

Description

The device relates to agriculture and can be used in the processing of litter, manure and other livestock waste invertebrates, such as larvae of synanthropic flies.

The prior art device for the disposal of waste by insects (see published application RU 2000110898, 06/10/2002), consisting of a container for waste and cultivation of flies, a feeder for waste and eggs of flies, a bio-forage receiver and larvae. The capacity is made in the form of two pairs of side walls and bearing, resting on one of the pairs of side walls of the rods, supports, pipes with plates fixed to them and movable relative to the axes, driven by a plate moving mechanism, the rods, supports, pipes being placed in relation to the plates from the center to the edge of the plate. These plates can be made hollow with cavities inside, and they themselves or the pipes on which they are mounted are equipped with nozzles for supplying and removing heat or coolant, in addition, the working surface on which the waste is located, or the ends of the plates can be equipped with perforations for the exit of heat, coolant from the cavities of the plate.

The disadvantage of this device is the difficulty in providing the required temperature regime for the cultivation of larvae.

A known installation for processing litter and manure of invertebrates (see patent RU 2098396, 12/10/1997), which includes litter pallets, a transport device, a dosed loading device for a litter, a device for dosing eggs and larvae of flies, a device for unloading processed products and returning pallets and a system for regulating the parameters of the habitat of the larvae. The transport device consists of tiered-shaped trays located in tiers, filled with water of a given temperature during operation. Trays with droppings float on the water. Between the pallets and the bottom of the upper tray in each tier there is an air channel in which an air stream is generated from exhaust ventilation. The control system of the parameters of the habitat of the larvae contains sensors of water temperature in the trays and air in the channels between the trays. Water serves as a transport system and a coolant at the same time. Water together with the air flow in the channel creates the optimal parameters of the technological process of processing manure or manure. Despite the sufficient advantages of this installation in regulating the temperature regime,

Its disadvantages include the complexity of the design and high energy consumption when using it.

The technology for processing organic agricultural waste by the entomological method involves the following steps:

transportation of manure from livestock farms to a disposal workshop;

substrate preparation;

loading the substrate into the processing equipment;

loading eggs of a fly;

maintaining cultivation regimes;

separation of the processed substrate from the larvae (separation).

The most responsible process is the maintenance of technological parameters in the processing equipment throughout the cultivation period. The processing period (from 3 to 9 days), the mass of the obtained larva, the degree of processing of the substrate, as well as the energy and labor costs of the process, depend on the correctness of the set parameters and the clarity of their control and execution.

The objective of this technical solution is aimed at creating a device for the cultivation of larvae of flies, which has a simple design and ensures the maintenance of the necessary temperature conditions, while saving energy.

The proposed device allows you to quickly go to the specified modes of cultivation, smoothly change and clearly maintain the parameters in a wide range of values, it is convenient to carry out visual and instrumental control, carry out all operations on the same equipment, use modern corrosion-resistant materials. In addition, the use of the device can significantly reduce the cultivation time while ensuring a high yield of biomass of larvae.

The technical result is achieved by using the device for processing organic agricultural waste by the entomological method, containing a rectangular tray and ventilation ducts located along opposite side walls of the tray, through which a variable volume of air is blown, both for ventilation and for cooling the substrate, underneath electric heating elements are located on the tray, allowing precise adjustment

temperature at each of its points, while the device is additionally equipped with a covering tent.

The covering tent can be provided on one side with a tensioning device located along the ventilation duct, and on the opposite side with a counterweight, while the covering tent on these sides is supported by rubber seals, which are used to remove condensate from the tent and its disposal through the drainage grooves integrated in the housing of the ventilation ducts. For greater energy savings, a heat reflector (for example, a metal sheet) and a heater can be located under the electric heating elements. As the base can be used wooden or concrete floor.

The processing device is presented in figures 1 and 2 and consists of the following elements:

1 - base

2 - insulation

3 - heat reflector

4 - electric heating elements (heating elements)

5 - tray

6 - ventilation duct

7 - awning

8 - tension device

9 - counterweight

10 - guide arc

11 - drainage (condensate drain) trough

12 - rubber seal.

The device can be constructed by conventionally fixing the tray with ventilation channels running along its opposite side walls and located under the bottom of the tray with electric heating elements on the base and attaching a covering tent. Moreover, the tent has a rectangular shape and can be fixed using a device for tensioning, which is placed along one of the ventilation ducts. On the opposite side, a counterweight is used to tension the awning. For ease of operation and condensate drainage through the gutters, it is advisable to attach guides covering the arc tent to the tray and provide

support of an awning on rubber sealants. Between the base and electric heating elements, a sheet or plate of a heat reflector and a heater can be placed.

The operation of the equipment is as follows:

Prepared substrate is loaded into tray 5, heating is turned on 4 and covered with an awning 7. Upon reaching the set temperature, automation (not shown in the diagram) switches the electric heaters 4 to the temperature maintenance mode and signals the operator about the possibility of loading eggs. The operator removes the awning 7, loads the eggs, covers the tray with an awning and puts the ACS in the mode of maintaining the set parameters (temperature, humidity, air exchange). The further process takes place automatically without human intervention. The temperature in the first 2 days is maintained by heating, and on 3-4 days the biomass of larvae develops, which generates excess heat, which is utilized by blowing cooled air through the ventilation ducts. At the end of the process, the automation sends a signal to the operator about the possibility of separation.

The possibility of reducing the time of cultivation of larvae with a high yield of their biomass is confirmed by examples.

Example 1

200 kg of substrate are loaded into the tray, evenly distributed over the entire area, covered with an awning and heating is turned on in the “heating” mode. After 1.5-2 hours, upon reaching a substrate temperature of 28-30 ° C, a signal is sent to the operator about the possibility of loading eggs. The operator removes the awning and loads 150 g of Musca domestica fly eggs, evenly distributing them on the surface of the substrate, closes the awning and puts the automation in the “cultivation” mode. In this mode, the substrate temperature is maintained within 32-36 ° C due to the inclusion of heating or the inclusion of various ventilation modes, depending on the readings of the temperature sensors. After 80-85 hours, the substrate is completely processed; separation, unloading of the substrate and larval mass is carried out. The output of zoogumus is 105-110 kg, and the larval mass is 20-23 kg. After washing the equipment, the cycle repeats.

Example 2

Similar to example 1, but bring on the same amount of substrate 185 g of eggs, and the cultivation temperature is set in the range of 36-40 ° C. At the same time, the cultivation period is reduced to 68-72 hours, and the larval biomass yield is 30-32 kg.

Claims (4)

1. Device for processing organic agricultural waste by the entomological method, containing a rectangular tray and ventilation ducts, characterized in that the ventilation ducts are placed along opposite side walls of the tray, under the bottom of the tray are electric heating elements that allow you to accurately control the temperature at each point, this device is additionally equipped with a covering tent. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the covering tent on one side of the tray is attached using a tensioning device located along one ventilation duct, while the tray on this and opposite sides is provided with guides covering the tent with arcs and rubber seals. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the condensate drainage troughs are arranged in the housing of the ventilation channels. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that under the electric heating elements are a heat reflector and a heater.